Ukusetha ama-Rafters, kanye nokwakhiwa kophahla lonke, inqubo ebhekele kakhulu. Ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi isisekelo sezimpande singafakwa odongeni sisebenzisa amathuluzi angenisiwe okuphakamisa, umsebenzi olandelayo ngokudala kwawo, okubandakanya nokufaka idivaysi yamahlathi. Amahlathi asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izinto zokuphakama ezifunwayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokusebenza yomuntu kanye nendawo yokubeka izinto zokwakha.
Idivaysi yohlelo lwe-rafter.
Ukulungiselela amahlathi kanye nokushushuluza
Ukufaka ama-Rafters ngezandla zakho kungahle kubonakale kulukhuni kakhulu, kepha uma unamathela kuwo wonke amathiphu futhi uzenze kahle, inqubo izothakazelisa. Uma wakhe indlu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa okungenani amahlathi ayi-3, kunoma yikuphi, inombolo yabo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwe-2. Ukusebenza kungcono ukwenza amahlathi eselula, njengoba akhululekile kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwe-rafter kufanele kuqale kuphela ngemuva kokuthi zonke izingqinamba zokuphepha zixazululwa, akunakunganaki, ngoba impilo ibaluleke kakhulu kunejubane lokwakha.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-rafter.
Uma kungekho odongeni lwangaphakathi lokuthwala endlini, khona-ke akukho ukwesekwa okwengeziwe, futhi imilenze yokwakha ibukwa kuphela ezindongeni zangaphandle zendlu, lapho udinga ukusebenzisa izindonga eziphangayo.
Yini ama-rafters? Kuhunyushwe kusuka olimini lwasendulo lwaseRussia kuyinto design ukusekela ophahleni lwe-dumplex. Futhi imilenze evuthayo ithambekele, lapho kwakhiwa khona induku yophahla. Imilenze ye-stropile imvamisa ixhumeke "ogogo" noma "izigaxa", ezenziwe ngokuqondile. Ukuqiniswa kuyibha evundlile, ngosizo lwayo izinyawo ze-rafter zixhunyiwe.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zokwakha
Uphahla lwezakhiwo, njengomthetho, ziqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:
Amacebo we-sling kanye nesicelo sabo.
- Ukuze kwakhiwe umthambeko kusetshenziswa imilenze yamahlumela.
- Ukudlulisa ingxenye yomthwalo - amakholomu noma ama-backups angaphakathi.
- Izakhi ezahlukahlukene ezithambekele (amaphampu, ukudalulwa) ezenza imisebenzi efanayo ne-rack.
- Izinto ezibopha nomngane wemilenze ye-rafting. Imvamisa, kusetshenziselwa imishayo eyeqile kulokhu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Imibono elungele ukuklama igumbi lokuhlala elinendawo yomlilo ne-TV
Unxantathu uyisimo esifanele sepulazi le-rafter. Lo mklamo unobuqili obukhulu kunabo bonke.
Naphezu kwezikhunta eziningi ezingenzeka zophahla, izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkundla zama-raffers zivame ukusetshenziswa:
- Uhlelo lwe-sloper;
- Ukulengiswa kwama-rafters.
Umdwebo 1. Ukufakwa kwe-Rafted.
Icala lokuqala lisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuba khona kokwakhiwa kwalokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi kwezinto zangaphakathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, imilenze ye-rafter ayigcizeleli hhayi kuphela ezindongeni zangaphandle, kodwa futhi nasezindongeni zangaphakathi noma isekela. Ngokudluliswa komthwalo, kusetshenziswa ama-racks. Umdwebo 1 ukhombisa uhlelo lwama-rafter akhuphukayo.
I-Hanging Design igxile ezindongeni zangaphandle, nasesikebheni, ama-rafter asuselwa komunye nomunye. Kusetshenziswa ama-Rafters alengiswa lapho kungekho khona okusekelwa okuphakathi, ububanzi be-span bungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-12. Isici sokwakhiwa yisikhundla esiphakeme somthwalo we-spacer, ukunciphisa isebenzisa ukuqina okukhethekile. Imilenze yohlelo lwe-rafter kufanele iqiniswe kusetshenziswa imoto engezansi, ezokwehlisa ingcindezi ezindongeni ezivunayo.
Izindonga ezenziwe ngezitini noma zamatshe zidinga ukufakwa kwe-maualalat. I-Mauerlat iyibha yokhuni, evame ukuba nesigaba sesiphambano se-150x150 mm futhi ilungiswe ngama-STUPS akhethekile. Lezi zikopelo kufanele zibe kusengaphambili odongeni. Ngaphansi kweMaurylalat, ungqimba olungenamanzi lubekwe khona.
Ukufakwa kwe-Hanging Rafters ku-Mauerlat Kwenze ngokwakho: Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalo
Amathuluzi alandelayo azodingeka emsebenzini:
Uhlelo nokufakwa kwama-rafters alengise.
- izembe;
- isando;
- ummese wokufakelwa okunembile;
- ipensela;
- I-Plumb;
- roulette;
- izinga lokwakha.
Ukufaka i-rafter, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izingodo, ubude balokho kuzoba ngu-6 m, kanti isigaba sesiphambano singu-50x200 mm. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma kungazelelwe isigaba sesiphambano sincane, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, umklamo onjalo ungasindiswa. Ngokusekelwe ecaleni elichazwe ngenhla, ophahleni lwe-slide, okungukuthi i-angle yalo, kufanele kube ngu-33 º. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokufaka isinyathelo ngukuthi, sisebenzisa amahlathi, udinga ukukhulisa ama-2 tine futhi uwaxhumanise phezulu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Kangakanani ukwenza uphahla
Imisebenzi elandelayo yenziwa:
Amafindo amabala amabala.
- Ezinyaweni zezimbali okudingeka "ushaye isithende" ngale ndlela elandelayo, ukuze i-rafter iye eMaurylalat ikhulule kahle.
- Nge-rafter elandelayo, udinga ukwenza okufanayo. Kuzoba kuhle uma imilenze ye-rafting izofakwa kubhalwe ngokuthi "kwesobunxele" no- "kwesokudla".
- Ngemuva kokwenza le misebenzi, imilenze ye-rafter kumele ixhunywe.
- Emva kwalokho, lapho kwenzeka khona imilenze ye-rafting, udinga ukwenza nge-angle efanelekile ye- "penc", ukuze ama-rafters "phezulu angaxhunyiwe kwi-penetation, bese eboshwe ngezipikili. Le ndlela ayithembeki, ngoba izindondo zitholana.
- Ukuze wenze kahle "i-hemp", kuyadingeka ekuqaleni ukunamathisela ingxenye eyodwa, bese udweba umugqa wokuxhumana kwazo (ukuze usebenzise ipensela) bese unqunywa.
- Ukwenza izinto zokwakha emhlabeni, udinga ukukala nokwenza izifanekiso eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
- Njengoba usuqedile konke ukusebenza, qala ukufakwa kwe-rafter kuqala kwi-Frondonone eyodwa, nangemva kolunye. Usebenzisa izipikili, yenza indawo ebekwe eMauerlat.
- Amabhuzu alandelayo wezinyawo ze-rafter alungiswa ezithendeni ezenziwe ngomumo emhlabeni;
- Lapho-ke udinga ukudonsa intambo phakathi kwamabili avele enziwe ama-rafters bese uqhubeka nokufakwa kwawo wonke ama-rafter asele.
- Ibanga lapho kufakwa khona ama-rafters angama-70 cm. Vele, kungenzeka ukuthi kungakapheli ama-68-73 cm komunye nomunye. Lokhu kubhekwa njengebanga elifanele lophahla, njengoba kunokwethenjelwa, futhi ibanga elinjalo phakathi kwama-rafter lizoba lula ngokuzayo lapho udonsa ifilimu.
- Ngalezi zinhloso, kuyadingeka ekuqaleni ukwenza uphawu lwe-maurolalat, bese kutshalwa ukufaka ama-rafters.
- Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukulungiswa kumele kufezeke ngaso sonke isikhathi ngosizo lwentambo, okuthe xaxa phakathi kwama-rafter, lapho kunesidingo, kuzokwazi ukuguqula ukuphakama kwemilenze ye-rafting. Kwezinye izimo, udinga ukubeka amapulangwe amancane ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho.
- Ukulungiswa kwezansi kobubanzi, okukhona phakathi kwama-rafter amabili, kwenziwa ngokuya nge-markup ebekiwe ku-mauerlat. Ngokuqondene nengxenye engenhla, ukulungiswa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ibhodi lesikhashana elinophawu olufanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kokuba umbhangqwana ngamunye ufakiwe, phezulu kuya kwesobunxele nakwesokudla eRafing, ibhodi libethelwe umaki esele yenziwe yi-markup, ehambelana noMarkup asetshenziselwe eMaurylalat.
- Endabeni echaziwe, ama-rafter alengise azodinga ukuhlanganiswa nebha evundlile, okungukuthi, ukuqina, ngenxa yebanga elikhulu phakathi kwezindonga ezisekelayo. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kwababili ama-rafter baxhumene nebhodi evundlile endaweni yesikebhe, bakha ifindo le-ski.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Izimpumputhe ze-gazebo: izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwakha kanye nezindlela ezikhuphukayo
Ukufakwa kophahla oluphindwe kabili.
Endabeni ethi Kucatshangelwe, ngenxa yebanga elide phakathi kwezindonga zomthwali, lapho ububanzi bendlu uqobo buba ngu-11 m, ukuqina ngeke kuhlukaniswe kubha eyodwa, futhi kusuka emabhodini ambalwa axhumene. Ukuqiniswa okunjalo okwenziwe ngamabhodi amaningana kuzosiza ukuxazulula imisebenzi eminingana ngasikhathi sinye:
- Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela ukuqina kobude obufunayo:
- Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi amandla nokwethenjwa kokuqiniswa okwenziwe ngamabhodi ama-3 ngobukhulu obuqoqelayo bangama-60 mm kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho uma kuyinqama eyodwa enobukhulu obukhulu be-60 mm.
Uphahla olusezingeni eliphakeme: ukufingqa
Ngobude obudingekayo, amapulangwe ama-4 no-6 anqunywe, ngemuva kwalokho afakwe ngamanzi, aqhakaze amantongomane nezikopelo ezinemilenze esheshayo.
Ngaphansi kokulawulwa njalo, udinga ukugcina ibanga eliphakathi kwezimpawu. Kufanele kube okufanayo nangeqiniso lokuthi phakathi kwemilenze esheshayo.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa i-powder emincane, njengasesimweni sokulawula ibanga lama-rafter ngamehlo e-skate, okumakwe futhi kuhambisane nophawu olusetshenzisiwe ku-mauerlate. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ugcine ukulawula ibanga!
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukuqina kanye nehhashi kwaxhunywa ngenye ibhodi le-1st. Uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi udonga olugciniwe lungekho, ukuqiniswa kuzothuthuka nje, hhayi ukumelana nesisindo salo. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo, ukuqinisa kanyekanye nesiketi se-rafter pair kuxhumeke "ugogo". Zonke izenzo ezichazwe ngenhla kufanele zenziwe nge-pair ngayinye esheshayo.