Ukuze uhlelo lokushisa luyenqabe isikhathi esimatasa kunazo zonke, inkathi yokushisa yadlula ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sezinto zemishini, ukukhomba zonke izinto ezigqokwa. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi "ukucindezela uhlelo lokushisa", kwenziwa ngokuya ngemithetho ethile.
Yiluphi uhlelo lokushisa lokushisa nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi
Ukushisa nokuzinikela kwamanzi kuyizinhlelo ezimbili ezibandakanya inani elikhulu lemishini ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Njengoba kwaziwa, ukusebenza kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-multiconomnent kunqunywa yinto ebuthakathaka - lapho yehluleka, iyeka ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. Ukwembula bonke ubuthakathaka nokushisa okulimele nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi. Uma sikhuluma ngolimi olulula, ingcindezi iphakanyiswa ngokukhethekile kunesisebenzi, ukupompa uketshezi. Kwenze ngemishini ekhethekile, ukulawula ingcindezi ngegeji yokucindezela. Igama lesibili lezokwelapha izivivinyo ze-hydraulic. Mhlawumbe kucace ukuthi kungani.
Ukucindezela ukushisa kwenziwa ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokushisa
Lapho uhlelo lokushisa lucindezelwa, ingcindezi iphakanyiswa ngo-25-80% ngokuya ngohlobo lwamapayipi, ama-radiator, kweminye imishini. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuhlolwa okunjalo kuhlonza wonke amaphuzu abuthakathaka - konke okungabi nesitoko samandla, amakhefu, emapayiphu agugile kanye nokuxhumana okungathembekile kubonakala ukuvuza. Ngokuqeda zonke izinkinga ezikhonjwe, qinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokushisa noma ukufudumeza kwakho kwamanzi isikhashana.
Uma sikhuluma ngokushisa okucashile, khona-ke ukucwilisa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kwesizini. Kulokhu, kunesikhawu esifanele sokulungiswa. Kepha lokhu akusona ukuphela kwecala lapho kugcinwa khona izehlakalo ezinjalo. Ukucindezela kusadlula ngemuva kokulungiswa, buyisela noma iyiphi into. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuyaqondakala - kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi imishini nemishini emisha nokuxhumana okuthembekile. Isibonelo, usuka ngomkhumbi usuka ePolypropylene Pipes Heating. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi amakhompiyutha akhwalithi aphezulu avela kanjani. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo lokuqothuka.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlelo ezizimele ezindlini ezizimele noma ezindlini, lapho-ke amanzi amasha noma alungisiwe avame ukubhekwa nje aqala amanzi, yize kungaphazamisi ukuhlolwa. Kepha ukufudumeza kuyinto efiselekayo ukuzwa "kuphelele", nangaphambi kokuthumela, nangemva kokulungiswa. Khumbula ukuthi lawo mapayipi acashe ezindongeni ezansi noma ngaphansi kophahla lokumiswa kufanele ahlolwe aze avale. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma uma kuvivinya kuvela ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza lapho, kuzofanela uhlukanise / uphule futhi uphule nezinkinga zokuxazulula inkinga. Bambalwa lokhu kuzokwenza.
Ukuhlolwa kwemishini kanye nemvamisa
Ukucindezela amasistimu aphakathi kwenziwa ngabasebenzi usebenzisa abasebenzi, ngakho-ke akukufanele ukukhuluma ngakho. Kepha yini ebhekene nokushisa kwangasese nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, mhlawumbe akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo. Lawa ngamaphampu akhethekile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili - Ibhukwana kanye nogesi (okuzenzakalelayo). I-Manual Clish Pumps i-Autonomantous, ingcindezi ifakwa kusetshenziswa i-lever, lawula ingcindezi egeji yengcindezelo ehlanganisiwe. Amaphampu anjalo angasetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezincane - kunzima impela ukulanda.
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Umshini wokukhahlela ngesandla
Amaphampu kagesi wokubhubhisa - imishini enzima futhi ebizayo. Imvamisa babeka ithuba lokudala ingcindezi ethile. Ibekwe ngu-opharetha, futhi "ibamba" ngokuzenzakalelayo. Imishini enjalo ithenga amafemu azibandakanya ukumboza ngokomsebenzi.
Ngokusho kwe-Snop, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic kwezinhlelo zokufudumeza kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini yokushisa. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasemizini yabantu, futhi, kepha bambalwa abantu abakwenzayo lokhu okujwayelekile. Bheka ngezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu eminyakeni engu-5-7. Uma ungeke uvivinye ukufudumala kwakho minyaka yonke, khona-ke akukho phuzu lokuthenga okwelashwa. Ibhukwana elishibhile licishe libe ngu- $ 150, kepha okuhle - kusuka ku- $ 250. Ngokuyinhloko, kungenzeka ukuthi uyithathe ngokuqasha (imvamisa kukhona kuma-fairms athengisa izinto ngezinhlelo zokushisa noma amadeski wemoto yokuqasha). Inani lizokhishwa okuncane - udinga idivaysi amahora amaningi. Ngakho-ke lokhu kungumphumela omuhle.
Shayela okukhethekile noma ukwenze ngokwakho
Uma udingeka ngenhloso ethile isenzo sokuqothula uhlelo lokushisa noma ukulethwa kwamanzi okushisayo, unendlela eyodwa kuphela - uku-oda le nsizakalo enhlanganweni ekhethekile. Izindleko zokushisa kabusha ukufudumeza zingavezwa ngakunye. Kuya ngevolumu yohlelo, isakhiwo salo, ukuba khona kwama-cranes avaliwe kanye nesimo sabo. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zithathwa njengezisuselwa kwimali ekhokhwa ngehora eli-1 lomsebenzi, futhi ziyashintshashintsha kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1000 ngehora kuya kwama-ruble / ama-2500. Kuzofanela sibize izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene futhi sibhekane nazo.
Amafemu ahlanganyela ekuhlolweni kwe-hydraulic kwezinhlelo, imishini engathi sína
Uma uthuthukise ukufudumeza noma ukufudumeza kwamanzi akho ekhaya, futhi wazi kahle ukuthi amapayipi nemishini esesimweni esijwayelekile, awekho usawoti kanye namadiphozithi kuzo, ungazibhuqa. Akekho umuntu ofuna izenzo zokwenza izivivinyo ze-hydraulic. Noma ngabe ubonile ukuthi amapayipi nama-radiator ayavalelwa, ungazihlanza yonke into ngokwakho, emva kwalokho kuphinde kwahlolwa. Uma nje ungafuni ukwenza lokhu, ungashayela ongoti. Ngokushesha futhi benza uhlelo futhi babambe balwele, futhi bazokunikeza isenzo.
Isenzo sohlelo lokuhlola i-hydrostatic (crimping)
Inqubo ye-CRIPING
Ukwehla kwezinhlelo zokushisa zendlu yangasese kuqala ngokuxhumeka ohlelweni lokushisa olushisayo, i-othomathikhi yomoya ithangi lokunweba kanye nethangi lokunweba. Uma kukhona ukukhiya ama-cranes kule mishini, kungenzeka ukuvala, kepha uma ama-cranes enephutha, ithangi lokunwebisa nakanjani lizohluleka, kanye ne-boiler - kuya ngengcindezi enikeza. Ngakho-ke, ithangi lokunwebisa kungcono ukususa, ikakhulukazi ngoba kulula ukukwenza, kepha esimweni se-boiler kuzofanela selithembele ngempilo ye-cranes. Uma kukhona ama-thermostators kuma-radiator, nawo afiselekayo ukususa - awenzelwe ukucindezela okuphezulu.
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Kwesinye isikhathi akuzona konke ukufudumeza okuhloliwe, kepha ingxenye ethile. Uma kungenzeka, kunqunywe ngosizo lokuqinisa ukuvalwa noma ukusetha ama-jumpers wesikhashana - izimpawu.
Kunamaphuzu amabili abalulekile: Ukucindezela kungakwenziwa endaweni yokushisa yomoya kungabi ngaphansi kuka + 5 ° C, uhlelo lugcwele amanzi ngamazinga okushisa angaphezulu kune- + 45 ° C.
Okulandelayo, inqubo yile:
- Uma uhlelo lusebenza, okupholile kuhlangana.
- I-Crusher ixhunyiwe ohlelweni. Kuyena, kukhona i-hose ephetha nge-cape nati. Le hose ixhumeke ohlelweni kunoma iyiphi indawo efanelekile, okungenani endaweni ethangiswe yithangi elisusiwe noma esikhundleni se-crane ye-drain.
- Amanzi athululelwa ekukhohlisweni kwephampu yokwelashwa, ngosizo lwepompo lugcwele ohlelweni.
Idivayisi ixhumeka kunoma yikuphi ukufakwa okufinyelelekayo - kwipayipi elisebenzayo noma lokubuyela emuva - akunandaba
- Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ingcindezi, kufanele ususe wonke umoya ohlelweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungenzeka ukupompa uhlelo oluncane nge-crane evulekile noma ukudonsa ngendiza kuma-radiator (ama-cranes kaMaevsky).
- Uhlelo ludluliselwa ekucindezelweni okusebenzayo, ukubekezelela okungenani imizuzu eyi-10. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke umoya osele wehla.
- Ingcindezi ikhuphuka yaya ekuqinisekisweni, ukumelana nesikhathi esithile (esilawulwa yizindinganiso zoMnyango Wezamandla). Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, wonke amadivayisi nokuxhumeka kuyahlolwa. Ziyahlolwa, ukubukeka kokuvuza. Futhi ngisho nengxenye enomswakama enomswakama kancane kubhekwa njengento encane (inkungu futhi idinga ukuqedwa).
- Ngesikhathi sokubomvu, izinga lokucindezela lilawulwa. Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukuwa kwalo akudluli inkambiso (kupelwe e-Sniva), uhlelo lubhekwa njengokuhle. Uma ingcindezi iwela okungenani ngaphansi kwesijwayelekile, udinga ukubheka ukuvuza, ukuqede, bese uqala ukubhula futhi.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ingcindezi ebomvu incike kuhlobo lokuhlolwa kwemishini nohlelo (ukufudumeza noma ukunikezwa kwamanzi okushisayo). Iziphakamiso zoMnyango Wezamandla, ezibekwe "emithethweni yokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe zezitshalo zamandla afudumele" (k. 9.2.13) Ukusebenziseka kalula kuncishiswe etafuleni.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola imishini | Ingcindezi yokuhlola | Isikhathi sokuhlola | Ithonya lokucindezela elivunyelwe |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amafindo ayiphakamisa, ama-heater amanzi | I-1 MPA (10 KGF / CM2) | Imizuzu engu-5 | 0.02 MPA (0.2 KGF / CM2) |
| Izinhlelo ze-Iron ze-Iron ARAMIATEMS | I-0.6 MPA (6 KGF / CM2) | Imizuzu engu-5 | 0.02 MPA (0.2 KGF / CM2) |
| Izinhlelo ezinephaneli kanye nama-radiator akwazisa | I-1 MPA (10 KGF / CM2) | Imizuzu engu-15 | I-0.01 MPA (0.1 KGF / CM2) |
| Izinhlelo ezishisayo zamaphayili ezenziwe ngamapayipi wensimbi | Ingcindezi yokusebenza + 0.5 MPA (5 KGF / CM2), kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-1 MPA (10 KGF / CM2) | Imizuzu eyi-10 | I-0.05 MPA (0.5 KGF / CM2) |
| Izinhlelo ezishisayo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ezivela emapayiphu epulasitiki | Ingcindezi yokusebenza + 0.5 MPA (5 KGF / CM2), kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-1 MPA (10 KGF / CM2) | Imizuzu engama-30 | I-0.06 MPA (0.6 KGF / CMF / CM2), ngokuhlolwa okuthe xaxa amahora ama-2 kanye nethonsi eliphakeme le-0.02 MPA (0.2 KGF / CM2) |
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngokuhlola ukushisa namapayipi amanzi kusuka kumapayipi epulasitiki, izingcingo zengcindezi yesikhathi imizuzu engama-30. Uma ngalesi sikhathi akukho ukuphambuka okutholakele, uhlelo lubhekwa njengempumelelo ngempumelelo. Kepha isivivinyo siyaqhubeka kwesinye isikhathi esingu-2. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi, ukwehla ohlelweni ohlelweni akufanele kwedlule i-Norny - 0.02 MPA (0.2 KGF / CM2).
Ithebula lokuthobela amayunithi ahlukene wokulinganisa ingcindezi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eSnip 3.05.01-85 (P 4.6) Kunezinye izincomo:
- Ukuhlolwa kokushisa nezinhlelo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kungu-1.5 kusuka kwisisebenzi, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwe-0,2 MPA (2 KGF / CM2).
- Uhlelo lubhekwa kahle uma ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-5 ukwehla kwengcindezi ngeke kudlule i-0.02 kgf / cm / cm).
Yimaphi amalungiselelo okufanele asetshenziswe ngumbuzo othokozisayo. Ngenkathi yomibili le mibhalo nokuqiniseka akukho okuqiniseka, ngakho-ke kufanelekile. Kuyadingeka ukusondela ngecala ngalinye ngawodwana, unikezwe ingcindezi ephezulu lapho izinto zayo zibalwa khona. Ngakho-ke ingcindezi yokusebenza yama-radiator yensimbi yengulube ayikho ngaphezu kwe-6 ATM, ngokulandelana, ingcindezi yokuhlola izoba ngu-9-10 ATM. Kuhle futhi kunqunywa yizo zonke ezinye izinto.
Ukucindezela umoya
Akuyona yonke indawo futhi kungahlali inethuba lokuqasha i-crimsher, kanjani ukuyithenga. Isibonelo, udinga ukuhlola ukufudumeza ekotishi. Imishini icacisiwe kanye namathuba ajwayelekile kakhulu. Kulokhu, uhlelo lokushisa lokushisa lwenziwa ngomoya. Ngomjovo wayo, ungasebenzisa noma yimuphi umcindezeli, ngisho nezimoto. Ngokucindezela, kulandelwa i-Connected Pressure Gauge.
Ukuqothuka okunjalo akukubi ngokuphelele futhi akukulungile ngokuphelele. Ukushisa nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi kubalwa ezokuhamba koketshezi, futhi ziningi kakhulu. Lapho amanzi engeke azizwe khona, kuzokhululwa umoya. Ngakho-ke, ngokuzethemba okuningi, kungashiwo ukuthi ukuvuza komoya kuzoba - kwenye indawo, kuzoba nokuxhumana okuxekethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola indawo yokuvuza ngokuhlola okunjalo kunzima. Isetshenziselwa lesi sixazululo sensipho, esilahlekile wonke amalunga nokuxhumeka, zonke izindawo lapho umoya ungaphuma khona. Ama-Bubble avela esizeni sokuvuza. Kwesinye isikhathi ukubheka isikhathi eside. Kungakho uvalo olunjalo luhlelwe uhlelo lokushisa aluthandwa kakhulu.
Ukumboza phansi okufudumele kunezimpawu zalo - kufanele uqale uhlole ikamu nazo zonke izinsimbi ezigxiliwe kukho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vala wonke ama-valves okuphakelayo we-loops kanye nama-loops, agcwalise kuphela umqoqi wokushisa, ahlole ingcindezi. Njengoba usukwehlisile kokujwayelekile, gcwalisa i-loop ye-floor floor, bese kuphela lapho kudalwa khona impesheni. Inqubo ichazwa ngemininingwane eminingi kuvidiyo.
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