Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwakusetshenziselwa kuphela indwangu yemvelo yezingubo, lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona imicu yezitshalo noma yezilwane. Ngokuhamba kwamakhulu amaningana eminyaka, kwenziwa imizamo yokubathola esikhundleni, futhi enye impumelelo kule ndawo yatholakala ekugcineni kwekhulu le-XIX. I-patent yokuqala ye-fiber etholwe kwi-cellulose ephethwe yakhishwa ngonyaka we-1884 yi-frenchman de shadordonne, futhi indwangu yokuqala ye-viscose yatholakala eNgilandi ngo-1893.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, imicu yokufakelwa ithole ukusetshenziswa okweqile. Yize izinto ezivuthiwe zokulungiselela zazo zisasebenza, izakhiwo zezicubu ezitholakele ezintweni ezibonakalayo eziluhlaza, kanye nokubukeka kwalo nenhloso yazo kungaba yihluka kakhulu.
Irisidi nezinhlobonhlobo
Ukuze ubhekane nalokho okushiwo yi-viscose ukuthi indwangu yenziwa ngaso leso sikhathi nokuthi kungaba yizimpawu zayo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi kungukuthi isisindo esikhulu sezinto zokwakha. Ngokungafani nemicu yemvelo, etholakala ngokuqondile ezilwaneni noma ezitshalweni, noma izinto zokwenziwa, ezitholakala ngemikhiqizo yokucubungula kawoyela negesi, ukwakheka kwe-viscose kuphathwa ngohlobo olulodwa noma ifilimu ( cellophane).
Igama laso livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "linamathele", lokhu kutholwa ngenxa yokubonakala kwento, lapho kwakhiwa khona imicu yalo. Okuvame kakhulu yindlela yokuchithwa yizazi ze-caustic zokhuni oluchotshoziwe noma imikhiqizo yekotini, ngenxa yokuthi lokho kungatholakala imicu emincane ecwebezelayo efana nosilika nowebhulukwe we-fiber woolen. Kungakhathalekile indlela yokuthola isixazululo se-cellulosic, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Viscose kwenziwa ngokulandelana okunjalo:
- Ukuhlanzwa, ukugaya nokucutshungulwa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokwakha;
- ukuncibilika nokususwa koketshezi ngokweqile;
- Inhloso yesisindo se-viscose ngokusebenzisa izihlungi nokwakhiwa kwemicu;
- Ukucutshungulwa kwabo okulandelayo (ukomisa, ukucindezela, ukushaya, ukupenda, njll.).
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Imicu ephumayo ingaba izindwangu, ezobuchwepheshe noma ezinde.
- Ukusuka emcupheni omncane wendwangu omncane futhi hhayi ikakhulukazi, izindwangu ezahlukahlukene kanye ne-viscose knitwear zenziwa, zisetshenziswa futhi njengezengezo kweminye imicu lapho kudala izingxube.
- Kusetshenziselwa imicu enkulu yezobuchwepheshe enkulu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside yokwenziwa kwezinto zokwakha.
- Isigaba esikhethekile yifayibha elinamandla elinobude obuncane. Izindwangu eziyizisekelo, uboya bokufakelwa, izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe zenziwa kukho.
- Isidingo sokugcina sisanda kusebenzisa i-VisCose ye-Viscose yokuhamba, ebonakala ngokuthambile okukhethekile kanye nokusebenza kalula.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindwangu zokufakelwa kungenziwa ngokuya ngezici zokulungiselela kwazo, izindlela zokucubungula imicu, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinto zokwakha. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokufakelwa kungabiwa njengoba:
- I-Acetate (Triacetate) Silk, ehlukaniswa yi-glitter, i-adle incane futhi ayinasimo.
- I-Colloplesion - I-fiber eyisisekelo, enesakhiwo esifana noboya, isetshenziswa njengendawo yayo;
- I-Dumpier iyindwangu e-elite esekelwe kwi-Copper-ammonia Fibers, izakhiwo ezisondela kilika zemvelo;
- I-Modal - I-Viscose ethuthukisiwe esekwe e-eucalyptus, i-pine noma i-beech, ibhekisa kwizinto zokwakha imvelo;
- I-Tensel (Lio-cell) - Indwangu ye-eucalyptic cellulose, ecubungulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ihlukaniswa ngamandla kanye nezakhiwo ze-antiseptic;
- I-satel - i-viscose ethuthukisiwe esuselwa ku-coniferous Wood;
- Izinto ze-polinky - izinto zokwakha ze-viscose ezinesakhiwo esimnandi semicu, zibonakaliswa ngamandla akhuphukayo nokuqina;
- I-bamboo - impahla esekelwe ku-bamboo celvulosise, esondele kakhulu ezindaweni zayo ezisondele kakhulu kukotini yemvelo, imvamisa i-cellulosic inqwaba yayo itholakala ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali anamandla ngokuchotshozwa kwemishini kanye nokuvutshelwa kwemvelo (okubizwa nge-bamboo flax).
Izakhiwo zezinto zokufakelwa
Izindwangu ze-Viscose zingafana noma yiziphi izinto zemvelo ezivela kusilika esincanyana kuya koboya, ngaphandle kwalokho, zimnandi kakhulu, zingabingeli ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi ze-synthetics . Izinzuzo eziphambili zazo zonke izinhlobo ze-Viscose yilezi:- Ukuthamba nezinzwa ezimnandi;
- Ukuhlanza okuphezulu;
- Ukulwa komoya;
- "Ukufudumeza";
- ukuqina;
- ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene;
- Ukuntuleka kukagesi;
- intengo ephansi (yezinhlobo eziningi);
- Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha.
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Kodwa-ke, lokhu okuqukethwe kunezinkinga ezinkulu. Okokuqala, akukubeki nzima kakhulu futhi akuhlukile ekuqiniseni okumanzi, kusheshe kulahlekelwe ukubukeka kwayo lapho kuvezwa ku-ultraviolet. Zonke izinto zokufakelwa ziqinile futhi zihlukaniswa ngamamaki aphezulu. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi izakhiwo ezinhle zivame ukujika zivame ukuba yingozi: ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa okuhle kuholela ekutholeni umswakama okungafuneki, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezicubu ezinjalo, ezinjenge-bamboo, zingabunjwa esimweni esinomswakama. Ukuthambekela ngokweqile kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi le mikhiqizo igcinwa kahle yifomu, futhi ngaphandle kokucubungula okukhethekile kuzo ngeke kudalwe amafolda nemincane.
Embuzweni, noma ngabe i-viscose ihlala phansi, impendulo engathandeki ukuyinikeza kube nzima. Izindwangu ezikhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko zinganikeza i-shrinkage eqinile. Izinto ezithuthukisiwe zitholakala ngokucutshungulwa okukhethekile, okuvimbela i-shrinkage futhi kwenze ama-canvas akhiwe. Kunzima futhi ukunikeza impendulo, i-viscose yelula noma cha. Okwehlisiwe, i-viscose knitwear ilula kakhulu, futhi ukuze impahla ithenge izindwangu ezilukiwe, zidinga ukwengeza u-Elastane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kugwenywe izici zezingubo ezingafuneki, udinga ukubheka ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwendwangu. Imvamisa, okuqukethwe kwe-viscose akudluli ama-30%, kulokhu kwangempela kwezakhiwo zayo ezingafuneki azibonakali.
Isicelo nokunakekelwa
Abathengi abaningi abazi ukuthi izinto zokufakelwa zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengokupakishwa, ekukhiqizeni isikhumba sezentengiselwano kanye nezicubu zobuchwepheshe. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi zombili izingubo ezihlanzekile ze-viscose, kanye ne-viscose knitwear okwamanje kwenzeka kaningi kunesigamu seminyaka edlule. Ngokuyisisekelo, impahla enjalo isetshenziswa ezindwangu eziningi zeNdiya yaseNdiya, kuvame ukusetshenziswa njenge-lining, ngezesekeli ezingabizi. Lokhu akunandaba nezinto ezinjengezinto zesimanje ezinjenge-bamboo, modal, tensel, njll. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthunga izingubo ezahlukahlukene, ilineni, amakhithi ombhede. Izakhiwo ezimuncu ze-Viscose Canvas zikwenza kube amathawula athandwa kakhulu, izesekeli zokugeza, izesekeli zokuhlanza.
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Ukuthenga umkhiqizo kusuka kumicu yokufakelwa, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngokucophelela ngemithetho yokuhamba ekhonjiswe kwilebula. Uma kungekho ncazelo enjalo, khona-ke imithetho ejwayelekile, indlela yokugeza i-viscose, enjalo:
- Ukuwasha - kuphela ibhukwana noma imodi emnene ekushiseni kwama-30 degrees;
- ama-netgergents angathathi hlangothi ngaphandle kwe-bleach;
- I-spin ikhiqizwa ekujikelezeni okuncane, ngokugeza ngesandla kancane amanzi okucindezela ngaphandle kokusonteka noma ukugoqa ithawula;
- imikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi i-viscose knitwear, yomiswe endaweni evundlile kude nokukhanya kwelanga nemithombo yokushisa;
- I-Ironing ikhiqizwa kwimodi ye- "Silk", ngaphandle kokuhlakulela futhi ngaphandle kokugaya ngamanzi.