Lapho ufaka ama-boilers egesi, kuyadingeka ukubona ngokuqinile izinkambiso. Futhi ngokuqinile ngokwezindinganiso ezidingekayo ukuze ukhweze i-chimney ye-boiler yegesi. Yize izinga lokushisa lamagesi we-flue liphansi futhi alinalo umbala, ukulimala ngeke kusebenze okuncane, futhi kukhulu - ngoba ukuvuza kunganqunywa kabi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza konke ngenkuthalo ngenkuthalo, unaka ngokukhethekile ukuqina kwamalunga.
Izidingo zama-chimneys ama-boilers egesi
Zonke izidingo zeziteshi zentuthu zipelwe kumadokhumenti alawulwa - snip 2.04.05-91 ne-DBN B.2.5-20-2001. Ukubulawa kwabo akunjalo. Uma siwenza ngokwejwayelekile, khona-ke yonke into ingancishiswa ibe ngamaphuzu ambalwa:
- Isigaba sesiphambano (ububanzi) se-chimney ngeke bube ngaphansi kwe-outlet nozzle ku-boiler. Okungukuthi, uma umphumela we-boiler egesi ngu-150 mm, khona-ke i-chimney kufanele ibe nesigaba sangaphakathi sesiphambano okungenani esingu-150 mm. Okuningi - Ungakwazi, okuncane - cha. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, ungavala amehlo akho umehluko wamamilimitha ambalwa.
- UChimney kufanele ahambe ngokuqondile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthuthukisa umklamo ukuze kungabikho zindawo ezithambekele. Njenge-resort yokugcina, ithambeka lika-30 ° livunyelwe. Ubude bendawo ethambekele abukho ngaphezu kokuphakama kwegumbi.
- Kuwo wonke ama-chimney, akufanele abe nezindawo zokujika nezinkathi zonyaka.
Izinketho zokufaka ama-chimneys nge-boiler yegesi yangaphandle (ngokuphuma kwepayipi kwe-flue)
- UChimney kumele enziwe ngezinto eziqinile egesi.
- Amalunga ahlukanise ngokuphelele - kumele avalwe (akufanele adlule izinto ezinhle futhi akufanele adlule umswakama).
- Kusukela amagesi angenamzimba lapho kukhishwa khona ama-boiler wegesi wanamuhla anokushisa okuphansi, amathuba okuvutha amathuba mkhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho idivaysi ye-chimney esengxenyeni yayo engezansi kuyadingeka ukunikeza umqoqi we-condensate. Le yingilazi ekhiphekayo yezinto ezivinjelwe ezintweni zamakhemikhali. Inketho enhle kakhulu iyi-condenser yensimbi engenasici, eshibhile - ipulasitiki. Insimbi ye-Galvanized iyindlela eshibhile, kepha ukuwa ngokushesha.
- I-Chimney ye-boiler yegesi endlini yangasese kumele ibe nokuphakama okunjalo okuzohlinzeka ngesifiso esihle. Kulokhu, kufanele kukhuphuke ngama-50 cm ngaphezulu kwenduku yophahla, uma kususwa eduze kwalo.
- Phezulu kwepayipi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukufaka i-visor evikela - isambulela. Uvikela ipayipi ekugqokeni nasekutholeni imbewu.
Lezi yizidingo eziyisisekelo. Kuyadingeka ukuwagcwalisa. Bahlinzeka ngezinga elifunekayo lokuphepha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, iqiniso lokuthi ukugcwala kwe-boiler yegesi akunalo umbala akusho ukuthi ayinangozi. Ngakho-ke, sonke isikhathi sokuphepha kufanele sinikezwe ukunakwa okuphezulu.
Umklamo wama-boilers nezindlela zepayipi lentuthu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokushiswa kwababizi begesi:
- Vula. Kubo, umoya-mpilo wokuvutha uvaliwe egumbini lapho kufakwa khona i-boiler. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo olunjalo lokushiswa noma uphawu lubizwa nge- "atmospheric". Kulawo ma-boilers egesi, amagesi angenamikhawulo angadinga ipayipi elinokufinyelela emkhathini futhi liqinile.
Izindlela zokukhipha i-chimney kusuka ku-boiler yegesi
- Amakamelo okuvalwa kohlobo oluvaliwe (ama-boilers aqoshwe yi-turbocharged). Basebenza ngebhangqa elinama-coaxial chims - amapayipi amabili afakwe komunye nomunye. Kwipayipi elilodwa, imikhiqizo yokuhlanganisa iyahlukaniswa, umoya ufakiwe ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlanganiswa. I-COAXIAL TUBE ivame ukukhishwa odongeni emgwaqweni. Ngakho-ke, bathi ama-boilers anjalo egesi awanayo i-chimney. Kepha, uma ufisa, kungenzeka ukususa i-chimney ku-chimney emkhathini. Kulokhu, kudingeka ukugcwala okujwayelekile (lapho kuthathwa odongeni akunandaba, ngoba ukunyakaza kwamagesi kunikeza i-turbine).
Kuyacaca ukuthi ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-chimney ngokuyinhloko kuncike ohlotsheni lwegumbi lokuhlanganisa. Kokunye, kufanele kube yi-coaxial tube, kwenye - okujwayelekile. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokho, kunama-nuances amaningi okwenziwa okwakhayo.
Yini
I-Chimney ye-boiler yegesi endlini yangasese ingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Isidingo esikhulu ukumelana nezinto ezinolaka ngamakhemikhali, ukungakwazi ukudlula amagesi. Ngokwesiko sebenzisa izinto eziningana. Ngezinzuzo nobubi, izici zomhlangano wazo ngamunye zizokhuluma kabanzi.Brick chimney
Namuhla akuyona uhlobo oludumile lwe-chimney. Kuvela kanzima, ngokuphakama okuphezulu kudinga ukuba khona kwesisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-masonry we-brick chimney athatha isikhathi esiningi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, lolu hlobo lwepayipi lwe-flue lunezimfanelo eziningi ezingezinhle. Owokuqala izindonga zangaphakathi zokungajuli kwazo, ezinomthelela ekuqongeleleni kwe-soot, zibi kakhulu. Okwesibili - Izitini - I-Hygroscopic. Ngakho-ke, ama-condensate ageleza ezindongeni ayabangela, afaka isandla ekubhujisweni okusheshayo.
Idivaysi ye-bimney yezitini ye-boiler ephethwe yigesi enokufakwa kwesikhwama sensimbi
Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga ngaphakathi kwe-Brick Chimney faka ipayipi elibushelelezi lobubanzi obufanele. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yipayipi elenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali noma i-asbestos. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa i-chimney ehlanganisiwe, kuyadingeka ukunaka izinto ezilandelayo:
- Imithi yepayipi le-liner kumele yenziwe kahle. Uma kungamapayipi ajwayelekile noma we-sandwich avela kwensimbi engenasici, konke kwenzeka okujwayelekile - Chimney aqoqe ku-condensate. Uma i-liner yenziwa ngamapayipi ase-asbestos-cement, kuzofanele unakekele ukuqina kwamalunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona inketho yokufaka ukugcotshwa kosimende. Lokhu kuxhumana akuyona into ebonakalayo - i-condensate izodonswa. Kuzofanele sisuse amakhamba ama-Hermmetic, asebenzise izingoma ze-hydrophobic (amanzi-angpellent). Futhi kumele bamelane namakhemikhali. Ngenye indlela, kungenzeka ukuthi ubheke ukusebenza kwamalunga ngabakwa-sealants abamelana ukushisa ngamazinga okushisa asebenza ngo-200 ° C.
- Ukuze i-condensate yenziwe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, amapayipi (ngisho nangaphakathi kwezitini ezihlanganayo) zingcono. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukufakwa okungakwesabi ukumanzisa.
- Ngezansi kokutshalwa kwemali kwamapayipi, umqoqi we-condersate kumele anamathiselwe. Ukufinyelela kuyo kumele kube mahhala.
Uma wenza i-chimney ye-boiler yegesi yale mithetho, noma ngabe ukwabiwa okukhulu kwe-condensate nakho kuzokwazi ukubhekana kalula.
Insimbi engagqwali - amapayipi angashadile ne-sandwich
Ama-boilers wegesi wanamuhla ahlelwe ukuze amazinga okushisa amagesi angenayo endaweni yokuphuma akuphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-condensate ihlala yakhiwa. Ngokudonsela okuhle, iningi lengxenye yakhe liyindiza lingene epayipini, lifake ukufakwa okuthile kwengxenye esele. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi ku-condensate Collector, uketshezi alukhona njalo. Kepha i-condensate uqobo yakhiwa lapho i-boiler yegesi isebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kanye ngamanani amaningi, kanye okuncane. Kulokhu, izidingo zensimbi engenasici i-chimney ziphezulu: kufanele zimelane nokuxhumana kwesikhathi eside nezinto ze-caustic. Lezi zidingo zinesibopho ikakhulukazi ensimbi engenacala. Yebo, kubiza kakhulu, kepha nguye kuphela ozokhonza iminyaka.
Ukwakheka kwamapayipi akwaSandwich
Manje mayelana nokwenza i-chimney ye-boilser yegesi kusuka kwicilongo elilodwa noma kumapayipi akwa-sandwich. Ukuze i-condensate yenziwe ngamanani amancane, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi i-chimney ayipholi. Okungukuthi, kufanele kufakwe i-insud. Futhi okungenani, i-sandwich chimney inokubeka okuvela ekufakweni, nge-gasket yangaphandle (emgwaqweni), kungcono futhi ukufudumala - kuzohlala isikhathi eside, kuzoba ngcono. Kepha kulokhu okuhlongoze, kuzothatha ukufakwa okuncane - ungqimba olulodwa, ngenkathi ipayipi elijwayelekile kungadingeka lusongwe ngezingqimba ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngakho-ke izindleko zokuhlelela i-chimney kusuka epayipi elingenantambo elilodwa nama-sandwich azoqhathaniswa. Kulula esimweni sokuqala kuzodingeka usebenzise ukuthambekela okwengeziwe, kwesesibili.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuthembela, i-sandwich-chimneys ithembeke kakhulu, okungenani ngenxa yokuthi liqukethe izingqimba ezimbili zensimbi. Ngendlela, uma uyi-chimney ukufudumala, amapayipi angaphandle angaba ngensimbi ye-galvanized - nge-condensate awaxhumani, amazinga okushisa aphansi, njengoba ukubukeka akubalulekile.
CHAMIC CHIMNEYS
Ama-chimneys e-ceramic alungele wonke umuntu: ahlala isikhathi eside, athembekile, abekezelele kahle ukuxhumana nezinto ezinolaka. Kepha kunezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ezinzima. Owokuqala - bayabiza. Eyesibili - zinesisindo esiningi, ukuze i-chimney ephezulu idinga isisekelo. Futhi lokhu kubiza ezinye izindleko ngenani eliningi. Kepha impilo yenkonzo ye-chimney enjalo ibalwa ngamashumi eminyaka.
CHAMIC CHIMNEY
Amapayipi ka-ABO Cement
Uma sekuwuhlobo oludumile lwezinto ezibonakalayo ekwakhiweni kwama-chimneys nge-boiler yegesi endlini yangasese. Izinto, vele, i-porous, zinezindonga ezimbi, kanti isigaba sesiphambano asiphelele (hhayi nxazonke, kodwa kunalokho, okusaqanda). Kepha lokhu mhlawumbe kuyindlela eshibhile.
Ukugwema ukubonakala kwamabala anjalo kuyadingeka ukwenza kahle amakhambi
Lapho usebenzisa amapayipi e-asbetic we-chimney we-boiler yegesi, kuyadingeka:
- Kwenze ngokuqondile ngangokunokwenzeka, uzama ukwenza amalunga ukuze wenze bushelelezi.
- Ukuhlangana uphawu. Njengoba sekuvele kukhulume, uku-smear cement akuyona inketho. Kudingeka ukuxhumana okuyi-hermetic. Izisombululo eziningana zenkinga - ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ze-hydrophobic kusisombululo, ukuhlanganiswa kosimende omile osomile nge-sealant, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamba amakhambi.
- Ukunciphisa inani le-condensate, ipayipi liphezulu, ukufakwa kahle.
Ngokuvamile, akukho okusha, yonke imithetho efanayo nezinto ezifanayo ezichazwe ngenhla, kepha kufakwa izithelo ezinamalunga. Ngakho-ke ngenxa yalokho, ngentengo, i-chimney evela kumapayipi ase-asbestos cishe acishe afane nensimbi engenasici.
Okwama-boilers ngegumbi elivulekile lokuhlanganisa
Okwe-boilers yegesi enomselekazi womkhathi, kudingeka umsele wentuthu, ukuhlinzeka kahle kakhulu - ukususwa kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanganisa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhamba komoya ngepayipi. Ngakho-ke, yenziwa ngokuqondile ngangokunokwenzeka, mhlawumbe - ngezindonga ezibushelelezi. Kunezinguqulo ezimbili:
- Jikela ngokuqondile odongeni, bese-ke, odongeni lwangaphandle, kuze kufinyelele ekuphakameni okudingekayo. Le nketho ibizwa nangokuthi i-chimney yangaphandle.
Izinhlobo ze-chimney ze-boiler yegesi nge-burner yasemkhathini
- Yenza i-pig up kusuka ku-boiler, dlula yonke indawo, uphahla, okukhipha ngaphezu kwezinto zophahla. Uma kunesidingo, ungasusa ipayipi kusuka odongeni, wenza amadolo amabili ku-45 °. Ugobe 90 ° ngomklamo onjalo kungcono ukuthi ungakwenzi.
Yikuphi kokukhetha okungcono? Kulula ukusebenzisa i-chimney yangaphandle - ngesiphetho ngokusebenzisa udonga. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuthi udlule odongeni kahle (qaphela igebe lomlilo, uma izindonga zivuthana). Kepha ngale ndlela kudinga ukufakwa okuhle, ukufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ezindongeni. Futhi ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, i-condensate ivame kakhulu. Ngoba ukufakwa endaweni ephumayo ye-tee kanye nomqoqi we-condensate kuyadingeka.
Inketho yokudlula ngokugqagqana nokungena
Endabeni yokukhishwa kwe-chimney ngophahla kunezikhathi ezimbili eziyinkimbinkimbi - dlula ngokugqagqana kwesitezi sokuqala nangophahla. Kulezi zindawo, faka izindawo ezikhethekile ezidlulayo. Bahlinzeka ngezinga elifanele lokuphepha komlilo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungasisebenzisa kanjani amapayipi we-sandwich odongeni noma ophahleni lapha.
Izici zokubutha amapayipi ensimbi
Uma amashubhu we-sandwich noma insimbi eyodwa-yodwa avunwa, khona-ke i-chimney yangaphandle ye-boiler yegesi iqoqwe nge-condensate. Okungukuthi, kufakwa ishubhu eliphezulu ngaphakathi phansi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuba khona konqenqemeni oluhlanganisiwe ngesandla esisodwa.
Lapho uhlanganisa i-chimney ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ukwakheka kuqoqwe "ngentuthu". Kulokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amagesi angangeni egumbini. Ngakho-ke, amapayipi ayavela ukuze into ephezulu ibekwe kufakiwe.
Izinhlobo zomhlangano weChimney kusuka kumapayipi ensimbi nawama-sandwich
Kukhona inketho yesithathu - ukuhlanganisa imigqa emibili ngezindlela ezihlukile: intuthu yangaphandle, yangaphakathi - ku-condensate. Kulomhlangano, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-sandwich, ngoba kuphela abanemikhuba emibili. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu kokukhethwa kukho, njengoba ukuzivikela kuqediwe, kepha umhlangano uyinkimbinkimbi.
Amapayipi abhemayo emayini (ibhokisi)
Ukuze umphakathi ungaphanga ingaphakathi, imvamisa "ahlanganiswe" emayini - ibhokisi elakhiwe ngokukhethekile. Ngaphakathi, njengomthetho, i-chimney (noma ama-chimneys, uma amadivaysi egijima amaningana), imigqa yokuphuma, kungahle kube nezindebe zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukufudumala, indle. Kunoma ikuphi, ipayipi le-chimney lingcono ukuvala ngokufakwa okushisayo. Uma ukufakwa kusasetshenziswa egumbini elifudumele, bese ku-attic (ikakhulukazi uma kubanda), ukufakwa kufanele kube empeleni. Sebenzisa i-basaltbol ngoboya bokushisa kokushisa okungenani 300 ° C.
UChimney angafihla emayini
Ukufudumala kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekushiseni okungaphakathi kwamapayipi we-flue, azonikeza ukwanda kokuphonsa futhi anciphise inani le-condensate. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi sikhuluma ngama-boilers egesi, futhi banomkhiqizo ophansi wemikhiqizo yokuvutha.
Okokuvalwa kwamakamelo okuhlanganisa
UCoaxial Chimney ubukeka njengepayipi epayipini. Umklamo uza ngomumo, uhamba ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kuyadingeka ukwazi ububanzi kuphela be-Outlet Nozzle namapharamitha - ubude, ubude.
Ukubukeka kwe-coaxial chimney
Idivaysi ye-coaxial chimney yiyona elula. Ipayipi likhuphuka ngaphezulu kwe-boiler futhi lijikeleze u-90 °. Ukusuka kuyo kuya ophahleni kufanele kube okungenani ama-20 cm. Okulandelayo, kwenziwa ngomgodi odongeni, ngaphandle kufanele kuphele kungabi ngaphansi kwama-30 cm ukusuka odongeni.
Idivayisi ye-Chimney Chimney ye-Boiler yegesi - amabanga nezindlela
Kuhlelwa ngokuphakama okuhlobene nezinga lomhlaba - Ukukhishwa kwepayipi akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-20 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, kanye nebanga odongeni oluseduze - kusukela ekupheleni kwepayipi kufanele okungenani kube ngu-60 cm.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungayifaka kanjani indawo umnyango: Izinketho zokuhlelwa komnyango