Lapho usika ikhabethe le-log, kumele kulandelwe ukulandelana kwezobuchwepheshe, okuyinqubo ebalulekile yokusika kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ikakhulu kufanele anake ukuqina okuqinile kwama-rafter kuma-cut, lapho ukuthembeka nokuphila kophahla kuzoncika khona.
Izinhlobo zezakhiwo ze-rafter.
Uhlobo lophahla nezindlela ezizayo zokuqinisa i-rafter kufanele kukhethwe ngezinto ezakhiwa indlu ye-log, indawo lapho kwakhiwa khona. Ekwakhiweni kwama-raffers aphahleni adlala indima enkulu lapho enamathisela.
Lapho idivaysi yohlu lwezinhlaka zophahla, ama-fasteners aphezulu wezakhiwo ze-rafter ebaluleke kakhulu, kusukela amaphutha lapho kubalwa futhi kukhethwe ngokungalungile, umsebenzi owukhethwe ngokungafanele, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuphinde kube nokuqina.
Ungayibeka Kanjani I-Rafylas
Bala ama-Rafters angaba izindlela eziningana:
- usebenzisa iMauerlat;
- ngokusebenzisa ukugoqa imishayo;
- ngokuqinisa nemigoqo yokhuni engaphezulu;
- ukuxhumana nomqhele ophezulu wezindonga zezingodo;
- Kusetshenziswa uhlaka lwendlu, eyakhelwe ohlelweni lohlaka.
Izindawo ezikhuphukayo zohlelo lwe-rafter.
Ama-rafter asetshenziswa ekufakweni kophahla emililweni ahlukaniswe ngokulengiswa futhi athambekele. Lapho kwakhiwa izindlu zokhuni ngendawo enkulu yophahla, kusetshenziswa izimbambo ezilengayo.
Amathuluzi amakhulu emsebenzini yile:
- roulette;
- sawubona;
- ICorolnic;
- ipensela;
- isando;
- isikulufa;
- izinga.
Ama-Rafter Maffer Apakwe lapho uwafaka
Umaki wokunamathisela amabhodi asokiwe kufanele aqale ngamaforoni, ngenkathi izinto zibekwa ngokuqinile ezinhlamvwini. Kepha okokuqala ebhodini kumele kusike into yokusekela - izinyo. E-Wedge ephezulu yokusika, ukuphinda usayizi wezinyo, upompa i-groove. Masinyane kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphandle kwezinyo ne-groove akunakuqinisa i-rafter. Lapho ama-EMPTS esenziwe ngaphezulu, kuyadingeka ukubeka ama-5 cm ngezansi, kucatshangelwa ukuphakama kwangaphambili.
Isihloko ngesihloko: ukwakhiwa kwangaphakathi kwefulethi enamakamelo amabili okulala ama-45 sq.m
Lapho iphrojekthi yophahla ye-Log Cabin ihlinzeka ngento ye-skate kusuka kubha noma izingodo, ukubeka ukubekwa, i-rafter iyadingeka ukuthi ifakwe ngezipikili. Lapho zonke izinto zifakiwe (dilation, amakhreyithi) - ukufakwa okwesikhashana ngendlela yezinzipho kukhishwe.
Ukumaka ama-Scheme Rafters.
Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto azizigcini zonke izinto ezise-shrink zincipha.
Imvamisa, ama-rafters afakwe ngokuhambisana nesinyathelo sika-60 cm nokuningi.
Ibanga lesinyathelo lizoncika ekwakheni ukwakhiwa nendawo yokwakha kwayo. Faka ama-rafter ezinhlangothini zombili ngaphambili, ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwetende kutholakele. Ezindaweni zokuxhumana, ama-rafter anaphambili kufanele ahlale igebe elilodwa lamasentimitha ayi-5, agcwaliswe ngokulandela impahla ebekiwe.
Ukufakwa kwama-raffs alengise: izici
Kulokhu, kuphela izindonga ezisekelwa, ezingaholela kwi-spacer evundlile kulo lonke umklamo (ukusikwa). Ukwenza lula le mithwalo ngaphambi kokukhuphuka nokuxhuma ama-rafters esisekelweni sodonga (ukusika) Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuqina, okwenziwe kusuka kubha noma ebhodini, ngenxa yalokho ama-rafter axhunyiwe phezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela ukwakheka okuthembekile konxantathu kohlaka, futhi afakwe emqheleni wokusikwa.
Kunendlela efanayo lapho kusetshenziswa imishayo ye-sndellaps. Izakhi ezinjalo zifakwe ngama-rafters endizeni eyodwa kanye ne-perpendicular esisekelweni sodonga. Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho kufakwa izakhiwo ze-Mansard.
Uhlelo lwama-rafter alengise.
Ukuxhumeka kwedizayini enemishayo noma ngabe kunconywa ubulukhuni bophahla uma kusetshenziswa amandla anele nokuqina kwezindonga zesonto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingcindezi ezindongeni zokusika kwesakhiwo uqobo izoba yikhomba, hhayi umfaniswano, njengalapho usebenzisa i-maurolalat.
Kulokhu, indlela ye-Beam yedivayisi yokumboza kufanele ikhethwe ngobukhulu be-50x150 mm. Ukuhlelela ukucwila ophahleni, imigoqo yokhuni ithatha lo usayizi, okuvumela ukuthi uhlele ukukhishwa okungenani kwamasentimitha angama-55. Izici ze-rafter ngasikhathi sinye indlela kufanele ibe ngesisekelo sodonga futhi zinamathiselwe onqenqemeni lwe ibha.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukufaka ukusondela emnyango ngezandla zakho: amacebo (Imiyalo yevidiyo)
Ubuchwepheshe obukhuphukayo ku-mauerlat
IMaurerlalat ingenye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu zophahla lokusikiwe. Ikulandisa ingcindezi evela kwesisindo esikhulu sophahla lonke, okufanele isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ezintweni ezithwala. Ukukhwela iMaurolat kwenziwa ngezinto ezisheshayo ezinikeza le ngcindezi. I-Mauerlat injengezingodo eziqinile ezibekwe eduze kwe-perimeter kanye nezingcezu zobude bemitha, ezihlelwe ngqo ngaphansi kwezinto ze-rafter.
Ngokwenziwa kweMauerlast, izingodo zamalogi kuphela, imigoqo kanye namabhodi anobukhulu obuncane be-100x100 mm, 100x150 mm no-150x150 mm. Uma kusetshenziswa izingodo, bese enye yezinhlangothi inqunywa ukuze yandise ukuxhumana nomqhele ophezulu osikiwe. I-Maurolalat ekhuphukayo ingakhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningi.
Isikimu sakhiwe ngokusekelwa okuslayidi.
Lapho ikhabethe le-log lenziwa nge-log noma kusuka kubha, iMaurylalat ifakwe emugqeni ophezulu futhi ifakwe ku-log. Ungavikeleka:
- ngosizo lwama-brazers okhuni noma ensimbi;
- kubakaki bensimbi;
- ekhoneni lensimbi;
- Usebenzisa ucingo oluhlanganisiwe olunobubanzi obuncane be-4 mm.
I-maflers enamathiselwe ku-mauerlat
Ukubopha okusheshayo kungumzuzu onomthwalo wenqubo yokufaka ophahleni. Ukusuka endleleni yokunamathisela izinto ze-rafter nge-mauerlat, isimo sophahla ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, ikhava yeqhwa, izinguquko ezibukhali zokushisa zincike kukho. Zonke izinto zokhuni ziyakwazi ukudonsa umswakama futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukunwebeka, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa lokushisa - shrink. Njengoba kunikezwe izici zezakhiwo zokhuni, akunconywa ukuhlela konke ukuxhumana ngokubopha okuqinile, ngoba lokhu kuholela ekuphumeni nasekuphuleni. Ingozi futhi ingamela ukuvela kwamandla we-spacer okuthinta izindonga zesonto, ngenxa yokufakwa okunganaki kwezinhlaka. Ukuthi lokhu akwenzeki, kufanele ube nomqondo wokuthi ungawafaka kanjani ama-rafters endlini yelog.Skrolela nge-mauerlat ingahlanganiswa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- kanzima;
- ukuslayida.
Uhlobo lokuhlangana lusetshenziswa kucatshangelwa ukwakheka kophahla nohlobo lwe-rafted - olubuthakathaka noma olulenga.
Isihloko ngesihloko: ukushaqeka okulula kukagesi ngezandla zakho
Usebenzisa ukuqina kanzima
Amathuluzi wokubeka izindonga.
Lapho ufaka ama-rafters kubha, indlela enamathiselwe kanzima ibalulekile ukunamathela kwezinye izidingo futhi ungafaki ukugoba, ukusonteka, ukuguquka nokushintshana phakathi kwezinto.
Lezi zidingo zingatholakala:
- Ukuxhuma ekhoneni ngentambo ye-brus yokusekelwa;
- Ukujikeleza kugezwe ngento esheshayo futhi kuqinisa lokhu kuxhumana nezipikili namabakaki.
Kusetshenziswa ekhoneni, ngemigoqo esekela u-stroke, ama-rafter ahlelwe eMauerlat. Into ngokwayo kufanele ibe nokuma okuqinile emgqeni womthwalo ngenxa yebha egandayiwe enobude obungama-1 m. Ihlelwe ezinhlangothini ngensimbi yensimbi ukugwema ukuhamba.
Indlela yesibili lapho ukufakwa kubonakala kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukulungiswa kwezipikili kwenziwa kusukela ohlangothini, engela, ukuwela ngaphakathi kwe-mauerlat, izipikili zesithathu kufanele zibhalwe ngokuqondile. Ngakho-ke kuvela ifindo elinzima lapho kulungiswa.
Kuzo zombili izimbotshana, ukuxhumana kufakwe okunye ukukhwela kwezinto ngodonga usebenzisa i-wire noma ama-anchors ngalokhu.
Kwelinye amalahle ophahleni lwama-raffers ophahleni avunwa kusetshenziswa ithempulethi, okungukuthi, usayizi ofanayo.
Kusebenzisa i-sliding compound
I-sliding compound yadalwa yi-fastener ngethuba lokushintsha into eyodwa. Kulesi simo, into enjalo izovunyelwa eMauerlat. Dala ama-Rafters eMauerlat ngamathuba okuhamba ngalezi zindlela:
Indlela egezwe futhi ifaka into ye-rafter futhi igezwe nge-mauerlat:
- ukukhiqiza uxhumano usebenzisa izinzipho ezi-2 ezivela ezinhlangothini zeziphambeko ukuze zihambisane;
- Ukwenza ukuxhumana ngesipikili esisodwa, esivalekile engxenyeni engenhla ngokusebenzisa wonke ama-rafters naseMauerlat;
- Ithathelwe indawo ngepuleti yezipikili elinezimbobo;
- Ukusebenzisa amabakaki, qinisa ama-rafters ne-mauerlat;
- Ama-rafter avela ngaphezu kodonga futhi ahlelwe kuphela ngamapuleti.
I-Compound yenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-fasteners akhethekile - isigaxa.
Indlela ngayinye ivumela izinto ze-rafter ukuhambisa okuhlobene nomunye.