Isithombe
Ekwakhiweni kwangasese, ophahleni lwamakhasi amane netende lithandwa kakhulu. Imvamisa igumbi le-attic ngaphansi kwalezi zinhlobo zophahla lenza indawo yokuhlala noma isetshenziswe njengendawo yokugcina izinto ezikhona, ezivumela ukungalahli indlu ngezinto zesizini. Ngalezi zinhlobo zophahla, kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa uhlelo lwe-rafter.
Lapho ubeka uhlelo olusheshayo lophahla olune-tie-tie, izinkuni ze-coniferous ziphathwe ngezindlela zokuvikela zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Uhlelo oluvuthayo lophahla lweshidi olune ngokwendlela yokuqinisa i-rafter luwukushintsha noma ukulengiswa.
Ngendlela yokulengiswa, ukwehla kophahla kwenziwa ekwakhiweni kwamaphara amakhulu, lapho kungekho ukwahlukaniswa kwangaphakathi. Izindonga zemilenze zisuselwa ezindongeni ezithwala ngaphandle.
Indlela yokususwa kwe-rafter design ilula kakhulu ekwenziweni. Le inketho engaphansi kwezindleko. Uhlelo lusetshenziselwa ophahleni olune-ezine-amakhaya emakhaya anodonga lokuxhaswa kwangaphakathi noma okuphakathi kwe-Intermediate kusekela amakholomu. Izixhasi ezigcwele ezigcwele zifakwe esisekelweni sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe. Uphahla olune-ezine-olunethambeka olungaphansi kwama-40 ° lwenziwa ngoshintsho.
Uhlelo Olulalelekile
Umdwebo wedivayisi yohlelo lwe-rafter ebangeni eline.
Umugqa ojikelezayo wophahla lweshidi amane unezindawo ezine ezithambekele emklamweni wazo. Kwenziwa izingxenye ezimbili eziphikisanayo ngesimo se-trapezium, kanti ezimbili - zinezinhlanga zalo ezakhiwe ngesimo sazo.
Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:
- Kopisha imishayo yokusekelwa eqondiswe e-angle ezindongeni;
- AbaseNetigaration bafushaniswa ama-rafters angular, ahlelwe ezintweni ezimboziwe;
- ama-racks ne-soot;
- Ama-lecks, ama-rigleslels, agijima kanye nokuqhekeka okunikeza ukwakhiwa;
- Ama-Mauerlates - imishayo efakwe ekugcineni kwezindonga ukumisa phezu kwazo amaphethelo aphansi we-rafted.
Ama-diagonal Rafters ahlelwe ngengxenye engenhla yezingodo ezindleleni ze-ski Bond 3:
- Ngokugijima okukodwa (ukubhekelwa kwereferensi okutholakala ku-mauerlat);
- ukusakazwa okubili;
- Ebhodini elinamathiselwe emaphethelweni amakhulu enduku, ubude obufushane kanye nesigaba sesiphambano esilinganayo.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungakwenza Kanjani Ukukhishwa Kwezihlahla ze-sawn kusuka ehlathini eliyindilinga
Ngendlela eyodwa-ye-rogon yama-rafgon ophahleni olunezinwele ezine, ihlanganiswe nezingcezu eziphindwe kabili, eyenziwe nge-angle ka-90 °, futhi yazivikela emihlelweni egijimayo.
Ngendlela enamathambo amabili, i-shprengel kanye ne-rack kufakwe emishameni egijimayo. I-rack isebenza njengesisekelo semilenze yokusekela ikhebula. Ngokwenziwa kwama-rafter, indlela isebenzisa iBhodi.
Ama-Scheme ukubala izindonga.
Ukusekela okwenziwe ngopende we-timber kumabhodi aminyene wobude obuncane. Banqunu kuma-raffers aphambili ophahla olune-tie-tie. Okwenziwa ophahleni lwe-hip okwenziwe kubuchwepheshe be-Danish, ibhodi thatha usayizi omude bese ubopha okuhlobene nesiketi ebanga eliphansi. Izixhaso eziphambili zinamathiselwe kuma-shakes of the mafter aseceleni kanye nebhodi elibi. Onke ama-slides amane kulokhu okwenziwe kabusha kwenziwa ngendlela ye-trapezoid.
Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuqinisa izimbobo ze-diagonal ngesikhathi sophahla lweHolmic kuthonywa ukwakheka kodonga kanye nokuba khona kokusekelwa okunamathiselwe kuwo. Ukufakwa kwezinsizakalo ezengeziwe kuyadingeka ngobude obukhulu be-span. Kwesinye isikhathi isici sokwesekwa okwengeziwe senziwa yi-shprengel.
I-Shpregel yenziwa kusuka kubha noma izingodo. Kuzoba yini ukwesekwa ngaphansi kohlelo olusheshayo lophahla lwamakhasi amane kuncike ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwendlu. Ngokwakhiwa kwezinkuni, ukwesekwa kuzoba umqhele ophezulu, ngendlu yezitini njengokusekelwa ekugcineni kodonga, ama-maurylalat ahleliwe, ezindlini zeSkew - ukudonsa okuphezulu.
Uphahla oluneshidi amane ngesimo setende
Ithebula le-coefficients ukubala izakhi zohlelo lwe-rafter.
Uphahla olumugqa lungokwezinhlobonhlobo zophahla olune-ezine-olune. Umehluko wayo ovela eHolmova ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezithambekele zetende zenziwa ngendlela yoxantathu le-anaulic. Imigqa yophahla lwetende ayifani ekucushweni nasekufakweni ohlelweni lwamakhasi amane. Kepha ukukhiqizwa kwayo kudinga izindleko ezincane ezibonakalayo, ngoba ukufakwa akuhlinzeki ngohlelo lwamaFrones.
Isihloko ngesihloko: izigqoko zokugezela ngaphansi kwethayela - osayizi, izinhlobo kanye nokusebenzisa
Ukwakhiwa kophahla lwetende kuqala ngokufakwa kwe-mauerlatov ezindongeni zendlu nokuxhunyaniswa kwamalitha abo. Ngaphansi kwe-mauerlat, impahla evunyelwanga amanzi ihlanganiswe.
Isisekelo esivela kuMauerlatov nase-Lee siyahamba emhlabeni, khona-ke ukwakheka okuqediwe kulungiswa ezindongeni, ngosizo lwezingcezu zangaphambi kokuxutshwa kwezingcingo kanye nezimbobo ezibiwe ngaphansi kwayo. Ububanzi bezimbobo kufanele bunikezwe ukuba bukhulu kancane kunengxenye yesiphambano se-armature ukunciphisa umphumela wokunwetshwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo lapho amazinga okushisa ehla. Ku-mauerlatov gcwalisa isigaba. Izixhaso ze-diagonal zifakwe ngazimbili zama-angles amabili ahlukile futhi axhunywe emaphethelweni awo aphezulu esiqwini sokuhamba ngesikebhe, ukubopha okuphansi ngendlela ye-mauerlat. Ukuze wandise ukuthembeka kohlelo lwe-rafter lophahla lwetende esikhungweni lapho kufakwa ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.
Ukuqina kwe-design kunikeza ukuqina kokusekelwa kwe-diagonal kwama-rafters afushane, i-shprengel, ama-rack aphakathi.
Ukusekelwa okutholakalayo kukhiqizwa isikhathi eside kangaka ukuqinisekisa inani elidingekayo lesinki. Zifakwe empeleni e-angle ka-90 °.
Lapho ufaka uhlelo lwe-rafter, izinkuni ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezomile eziphathwe ngama-ejenti okuvikela asetshenzisiwe. Isihlahla esihle kakhulu ngalezi zinhloso ngamatshe ane-coniferous, okuncane okubiza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwephayini. Ubukhulu obuphelele be-rafter ikhethwa ngokususelwa kumthwalo obaliwe ophahleni. Umthwalo ubalwa ubheka ubukhulu bokuvulwa kwemvula ebusika, imiphumela yemithelela yomoya, isisindo sekhekhe lokuphapha. Izibalo nazo zinaka isisindo sabantu ababili abadingekayo ekufakweni nokulungiswa kophahla.
Amasesekeli we-Diagonal wobude obukhulu bayaqiniswa ngokwengeziwe nge-shrothel jumpers. Bathuthukisa ukwethenjwa kohlelo futhi bandise impilo yenkonzo yophahla.
