Ungayikhetha kanjani kahle bese ubeka ukufakwa okushisayo, futhi kungenzeka yini ukubhekana nakho ngokwakho?
Izindlela Zokufaka Kwempi
Indlela yokufakelwa kophahla kuncike ekutheni isikhala esingaphansi sizosetshenziswa njengezakhiwo zokuhlala, okungukuthi, noma ngabe kuzoba ne-mansard endlini. Uma kunjalo, udinga ukufudumeza uphahla uqobo, ubeka ukufakwa kweziketi phakathi kwezimbobo. Uma indlu ihlinzekelwe i-attic (technical) ye-attic, akudingekile ukufudumeza uphahla, kepha ukugqagqana phakathi kwesitezi sokugcina sokugcina kanye ne-attic. Njengoba abathuthukisi bavame ukungafuni ukulahlekelwa amanye amamitha-skwele, ama-attorics angahlali ahlala kaningi, evumela indawo ye-attic.Ungawufaka kanjani uphahla olungelo?
Usendlalelo wokufakelwa kumele sihlangabezane nezidingo zokulawula, i-coefficient yokudluliswa kwayo kokushisa kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.2 W / M2 • C °, okusho ukuthi ubukhulu bokufakelwa, okukhethwa phansi Kuzonqunyelwa. Imvamisa, ukufakwa okufakwe ezingxenyeni ezimbili noma ezintathu (kuya ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo), ukushuba kwalowo nalowo ocishe kube ngu-7-8 cm. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bokufakwa kwesendlalelo kungu-21-24 cm. Lapho ubeka Izendlalelo, ukufakwa kufanele kubekwe engxenyeni engenhla yeqa amalunga phansi, okuzokwandisa ukusebenza kwawo.
Umzuzu obalulekile lapho ufaka ukufaka ukufakwa kungukuvikelwa kwayo komswakama. Ngisho nenani elincane lamanzi amunca lizolimaza ikhwalithi yalo kaningana. Isibonelo, uma ukufakwa esakhiweni kwalo kunamaphesenti ama-5%, izakhiwo zalo zokufaka ukushisa zincishiswa kabili. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi amanzi, ngokungafani nomoya, afezeke ngokuphelele imfudumalo, ekhulula ngaphandle, okulesi simo akwamukeleki, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kwayo kufanele kome njalo, noma ngabe isikhathi sonyaka nesimo sezulu. Kulokhu, kufanele ivikelwe ezinhlangothini ezimbili: kusukela ohlangothini lwegumbi ngengqimba yesithiyo se-vapor, nangaseceleni komgwaqo ngongqimba lokungena kwamanzi. Ikhekhe lokuphapha amaphahla kufanele empeleni linezikhala zokuvutha umoya, ukuba khona kwalo kungenzi umswakama phezu kokufakwa.
Isihloko ngesihloko: ukwenza kanjani ukubeka i-plywood ku-screed
Yini ukufaka ophahleni?
Cabanga ngezinhlobo zezinto zokwehlukanisa okushisayo. Phakathi koboya obudumile kakhulu, amaminerali, i-foam, i-polystyrere Foam, i-cellulose, njll. Kungashiwo. Ukufakwa kophahla, kusetshenziswa i-fiberglass noma i-basalt. Ngenxa yesakhiwo saso esimnandi, sidlala indima hhayi kuphela ukufakwa, kodwa futhi nongqimba oluzwakalayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, akushisi ubuthi futhi lubadedeli ubuthi futhi lunesisindo esincane. Ubukhulu obuphelele bengqimba efaka i-mineral yoboya obuncane akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-20 cm, futhi iwebhu yayo yomuntu ngamunye kufanele ifakwe ngokuqinile emiklamo ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayilonakalisi futhi ingafakwanga iziketi. Uboya obunamaminerali obususelwa ku-fiberglass bunezinzuzo eziningi ngenxa yemicu emincane (yezinwele ezincanyana), okuthe xaxa kwevolumu kunokunye ukufakwa, ngakho-ke umoya omningi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule umthamo wokufaka okushisayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokunciphisa isisindo esiphelele sokufakelwa.
Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha zokufaka okushisayo kufanele ziqashelwe i-foam eluhlaza. Iyamelana nemiphumela yama-microorganisms, ukushiswa, okungathathi ubuthi, kunobuningi obuphansi futhi kuyatholakala ngentengo.
Ungakukhetha kanjani ukufakwa okulungile?
Yini amapharamitha ukukhetha ukufakwa? Okokuqala, lokhu kuyindlela yako. Ukwehlisa isisindo sezinto ezibonakalayo, okungcono, umoya owengeziwe useyingxenye yevolumu yawo, kube lula ukukubeka futhi umthwalo omncane ezinhlakeni ezisekelayo ezizoba. Imvamisa, inani liku-14-20 kg / m3.
Okwesibili, inani lokuvuselelwa okushisayo, okungukuthi, amandla okuqukethwe okufanele afeze ukushisa. Kumele kube mincane. Ngezindlela eziningi, le pharamitha lincike ekwakhiweni kokufakwa kwesakhiwo sayo, yingakho amandla adonsela phansi.
Okwesithathu, ukuqina kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ngokufakwa kwayo okufanele, uyakwazi ukugcina izakhiwo zayo okungenani iminyaka engama-25.
Okwesine, amazinga aphezulu we-Vapor Permeability ukuhlinzeka ngombuso womswakama endlini.
Okwesihlanu, kungashintshi. Uhlaka lophahla luvame ukwenziwa kusuka ngokhuni, yize kunezisombululo ezikhethekile zokuvikela, kepha nokho okuhlangene. Izikhala zokuphefumula zekhekhe ophahleni nazo zinomthelela ekuvuthweni nasekusakazekeni komlilo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukufakwa okuvuthayo akunakusetshenziswa.
Ubungane besithupha, kwezemvelo. Lapho ukhetha okuqukethwe, naka ukwakheka kwawo. Kungcono uma kwenziwa ngezinto zokwenziwa zemvelo eziluhlaza ngaphandle kokungeza amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene anobuthi. Ngeke kube yinhle kakhulu ukubheka ukutholakala kwezitifiketi ezifanele ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Abathuthukisi abaningi lapho ukhetha ukufakwa kubhekene nokukhethwa: Thenga izinto ezibonakalayo noma ipuleti. Abanye abakhi bayaqiniseka ukuthi amapuleti angcono, yize kungenjalo impela. Ngokwezimfanelo zayo, lezi zinto zokwakha ziyehluka kancane komunye nomunye, umehluko usebuchwepheshe bokufaka kuphela. Amapuleti alungele ukusebenzisa lapho ukufakwa kudinga ukufakwa ngohlaka oluthile, amaseli awo anamapharamitha amaningi amapuleti. Kulokhu, awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi ekuceleni okuphezulu kosayizi oyifunayo. Imvamisa, amapuleti asetshenziswa ekufakweni kwezindonga ze-plasterboard. Izinto ezigoqiwe zitholwe zisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwezindawo ezinkulu, njengophahla, ophahleni olumisiwe.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Senza uthayi olomile olomile futhi oqeda phansi phansi ngezandla zawo
Ubuchwepheshe bophango lokungena
Ubuchwepheshe be-Insulation Information buhlanganisa izigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, ifilimu yezinto ezingena ngaphansi kwamanzi ilungisiwe ohlelweni lwe-sonsoring. Kufanele kudale ungqimba oluvaliwe futhi ukonga kancane uma kwenzeka kwehla lokushisa kanye nokunwebeka okushisayo. Amalunga we-canvases ngamanye aphuthunyiswe nge-tepi yokwakha. Okulandelayo, kusukela ohlangothini lwegumbi phakathi kwama-rafter, ukufakwa kuhlanganiswe futhi ngaphezulu kwefilimu elivila le-Steam, okuvaliwe kakhulu ukuze kungabikho izikhala nemifantu. Amapuleti wokufakelwa avame ukufakwa ngaphandle kwama-fasteners angeziwe, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekela ukuthi ukwakheka kwawo kungagcina ukwakheka, hhayi okulimazayo futhi kukhanyeke emadwaleni. Inani lezendlalelo zokufakwa kwe-thermal lincike kokuthile okukhethiwe, izici zalo nobukhulu. Imvamisa izingqimba ezimbili noma ezintathu zihlanganisiwe - lokhu kwanele.
Lapho ufaka ukufakwa, akunakwenzeka ukushiya izikhala emaceleni amapuleti amapuleti noma ezindaweni zokuxhumana kwazo nezinto zokuxhumana noma ezezokuxhumana. Usendlalelo we-thermal wokufaka okushisayo kufanele siqine, ngaphandle kwalokho okuthiwa amabhuloho abandayo angakha, ngokusho ukuthi umoya obandayo uzongena kuwo. Amabhuloho abandayo angaba ulayini futhi athole iphuzu. Amabhuloho aqondile avela ezindaweni ezifanelekile zezinto ezibonakalayo ezindaweni zokuhlanza, futhi iphuzu - ezindaweni zokuqinisa ukufakwa ebusweni kanye ne-fasteners, kanye nalapho ukufaka izinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlelekile ezidlula ungqimba lokufakelwa kwe-thermal. Ukugwema ukuvuvukala kokushisa, kunconywa ukubeka izingqimba zokufakelwa ukuze amalunga ezingqimba ezingenhla anciphise amahlombe abaphansi, futhi ukufakwa kwawo kwakhanyiswa kahle ezinhlakeni futhi kugcwaliswe yonke indawo phakathi kwama-rafter.
Imiklamo yophahla oluthile iphakamisa ukuba khona komphikisi, okunamathiselwe kulo lonke elakhiwe. Isixazululo esinjalo sikuvumela ukuthi unciphise indawo yezakhi zohlelo lwe-rafting futhi wandise i-coefficient of ifaninhlobo.
Ukufudumala kwe-attic engeyona eyakho yokuhlala
Enye indlela yokufaka uphahla ophahleni luwukufakelwa kwe-attic engeyona eyakho yokuhlala. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kulokhu ukufakwa kungafakwanga ezibhakabhakeni, kepha ukugqagqana, okungukuthi, phansi kwe-attic. Kwenziwa ngelungelo ezimbili. Ekuqaleni, isikhala esiphakathi kwemigqa yokugcwala sigcwele amapuleti okufaka okufakwayo noma ama-canvas, ngaphezulu kwawo ekude kwefilimu elingu-3 cm elibekiwe. Igebe eliphumela elizophumela lizoqinisekisa umoya omncane, ukuvikela ukufakwa okuvela ekuqongelweni kwe-condensate kuyo. Okulandelayo, i-grille ifakwe emabhodini enziwe ngokhuni noma amaphrofayili lapho kufakwa khona uvolo webol. Inani lezendlalelo zoboya bezimbiwa phansi lincike kwizimpawu zalo nasezimfuneko zokulawula zezendlalelo zokufakelwa esifundeni. Isendlalelo sokushisa esifudumele kufanele sibe mnene futhi sivalwe uphawu, ngaphandle kwemifantu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungawuthenga kanjani amaphephadonga esitolo
Uyini umgomo we-contour evaliwe?
Ungqimba ovalwe uphawu lokufakwa okuvaliwe kufanele wakhe uhlaka lokushisa oluvaliwe, lapho noma yiziphi izikhala ezingekho noma izindawo ezingashintshiwe ezinamabhuloho abandayo. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekufakweni kokufakwa efasiteleni nasemakhilomitha, emasimini okuxhumana, ezindaweni zophahla nezindonga. Usendlalelo wokufakelwa kufanele ube nobukhulu obungalawuleki okuncane, uma kungenjalo ngeke ukwazi ukuvikela ngokuphepha amakamelo kusuka kubanda. Enye i-nuance usayizi okhethiwe kahle wamapuleti noma izindwangu. Kufanele bahambisane ngokuqinile ebusweni ngaphandle kokugcoba, hhayi ukukhasa ngaphansi kwesisindo sabo, musa ukuzidela.
Ngaphezu kokufakwa kophahla endlini kukhona futhi ukufakwa kwezindonga. Isendlalelo sokushisa esifaka izindonga sivame ukufakwa engxenyeni yazo yangaphandle futhi sakha i-contour eyodwa evaliwe evuthiwe enongqimba lokufakwa kophahla lwe-thermal. Lezi zingqimba kufanele zixhumane ngaphandle kokuphazamisa futhi zihambisana. Igebe labo lingaholela ekulahlekelweni kokushisa okubalulekile kanye ne-microclimate yangaphakathi ekhubazekile endlini. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganisa izingqimba phakathi kwazo, ungasebenzisa umugqa wokudoba noma u-garter.
Isu Lokuphepha
Futhi amagama ambalwa mayelana namasu okuphepha lapho usebenza ngezinto zokwehlukanisa. Isidingo sokuba khona kwemishini yokuvikela umuntu: ama-overalls akhethekile, ama-mittens, ukuphefumula (imaski), izibuko. Ukusika ukufakwa kuyisandla esingcono ngommese obukhali, futhi ungasebenzisi amathuluzi wamandla, okuzonciphisa kakhulu inani lothuli. Igumbi lapho ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokufakwa kwalo kufanele kuthathwe kahle. Ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi, isandla nobuso kufanele bahlanzwe ngamanzi abandayo. Uvolo wamaminerali hit esikhunjeni angadala ukulunywa, okungaphenduli ngisho nokugeza ngamanzi. Akudingekile ukukhathazeka - Uboya bezimbiwali bungeyona ingozi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzokwenzeka.