Izindonga Zobuchwepheshe Masonry ezivela emabhuloki kakhonkolo e-Ceramzite

I-Ceramzitobeton ingenye yezinhlobo zikakhonkolo, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwamanje (ukugcwalisa uhlaka lwezindlu zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe, ekwakhiweni kwamakamelo, amagalaji kanye nezakhiwo zasekhaya). Ukwakheka kufaka usimende, imvuthuluka, isihlabathi sokwakha namanzi. Lokhu akuyona nje kulula ngokwanele, kepha impahla ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kokhonkolo we-ceramzite wezindonga kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ekufakweni okushisayo, ngakho-ke ngokwayo kunezindawo eziphakeme zokufakelwa okushisayo. Futhi, uma unikezwe iqiniso lokuthi usayizi we-ceramzitobetone mkhulu kunezitini, ke, ngokufanele, ukushuba kodonga kusuka emabhuloki kakhonkolo e-ceramzit kuzoba mkhulu.

Isithunzi nobubi bezinto ezibonakalayo

Izinto ezibonakalayo zinezinzuzo eziningi:

• Amanani aphezulu aphezulu. Ukwakheka kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo kasimende hhayi ngaphansi kwe-M-400;
• Ukufakwa okuphezulu okushisayo. Ugcina ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kunokhonkolo ojwayelekile.;
• Ukuzwakala komsindo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo saso, ukhonkolo we-ceramzite unesifakeli esihle sokwehluka, ngokungafani nokhonkolo ongasindi;
• Ukuqina okuphezulu. Kunokuqina okumangalisayo njenge-stimuli yemvelo (iqhwa, imvula, njll.) Nezixazululo zamakhemikhali (izixazululo ze-sulfate, i-alkalis ye-caustic);
• Izinga eliphakeme elinamanzi;
• Ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izinga lomswakama oyifunayo egumbini;

• Hhayi ngokhahlo ekugcineni. Umsebenzi wangaphambi kokuqeda awukwazi ukwenziwa. Umhlobiso ukhonkolo we-ceramzite kungenzeka nganoma yiziphi izinto zokuqeda. Ayidingi ungqimba obukhulu bodaka nokufakwa kwegridi eqinisiwe;
• Ukumelana okuphezulu kumaconsi okushisa kanye nesithwathwa;
• Ekwakhiweni kokuqukethwe akukho amakhemikhali athinta kabi izakhiwo zendlu;
• Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ukhonkolo we-ceramzite unosayizi omkhulu. Ukufakwa okulula kuzokwenza sikwazi ukwakha umuntu wokhonkolo wokwakha no-Ceramzite ongakaze abe nesifiso sokwakha;
• Izindonga ezivela kulokhu okuqukethwe zinesisindo esiphansi;
• Akushisi, akuboli, hhayi ukugqwala.

Kukhonkolo ka-Ceramzite, njengakwezinye izinto zokwakha, kukhona izithiyo:

1. Ukuba nokuqina ngesimo sayo, i-ceramzitobetone iphansi emandleni nasezinkombeni zemishini ngaphambi kokhonkolo osindayo;
2. Ayisetshenziswanga ukudala isisekelo;
3. Ama-bulge abukeke kahle;
4. Ukumelana nesithwathwa okuhle kubhekisele ekusweleni. Amanzi awela kuma-pores aqhakaza emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kanye neqhwa, njengoba kwaziwa, kuyanda. Ngemuva kwemijikelezo eminingana yesithwathwa kanye ne-defrost, amanani wokumelana nesithwathwa angancipha.

Isihloko ngesihloko: uthango olubiwe (uthango) lwezindlu ezizimele - Khetha isitayela sakho

Ukubalwa kwenani

Ukubalwa kwenani lamabhulokhi kwenziwa okuhlobene nobukhulu bodonga masonry nosayizi wendlu. Ukuze ubale inani okudingeka ukwazi ubude nokuphakama kwezindonga, usayizi wefasitela neminyango. Cabanga ngesibonelo sokubalwa kwesakhiwo sokuhlala, lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona izindonga ezivuneni kulokhu.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwakha indlu ngamapharamitha alandelayo:

Ubukhulu bendlu yesikhathi esizayo ngamamitha ayi-9x15. Ukuphakama - amamitha ama-3.5, osayizi bokuvuleka kwewindows 1.5x1.8 amamitha (amawindi anjalo azoba izingcezu eziyi-7), iminyango - amamitha ayi-1.5x2.5 (ukuvuleka kuzoba izingcezu ezi-4).

Ukubalwa kumele kwenziwe ngokuya ngosayizi webhlokhi, ahlukile. Kuthu, ubukhulu bodonga buzoba ngama-39 cm.

Ukubalwa kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:

• Bala umngcele wobumbano ekhaya. Sinezindonga ezimbili ze-9 m no-15 m. Ngiphindaphindwe 2 * 9 m + 2 * 15 m = 48 m;

• Inani eliphelele, kufaka phakathi iwindi neminyango: 48 m * 3.5 m * 3.5 m * 0.39 m = 05.52 m ngosayizi wobukhulu obukhulu;

• Ukubalwa kwawo wonke amawindi efasitela wendlu: 7 * (1.5 m * 1.8 m * 0.39 m) = 7.371 m³;

• Ukubalwa kwayo yonke indlu yomnyango: 4 * (1.5 m * 2.5 m * 0.39 m) = 5.85 M3;

• Ngakho-ke, manje kuyadingeka ukubala usayizi wewindi neminyango ukuze uthole inani lezinto ezibonakalayo zodonga: 65.52 m³ - 75.51 m³ - 725 m³ = 52.299 m³ - Ingqikithi;
• Ukuze unqume inani elidingekayo lezingcezu, udinga ukubala ivolumu yebhlokhi eyodwa, ngoba lokhu siphindaphinda ukuphakama kobubanzi nobude, kucatshangelwe ubukhulu be-seams: 0.4 m * 0.2 m * 0.2 m = 0.016 m³ - Volumula Ibhlokhi eyodwa;

• Manje usungathola ukuthi zingaki izingcezu ezidinga ukuthengiwe: 52.299 m³ / 0,016 m = 3268.6875 ≈ 3270 izingcezu zamabhulokhi;

• Ukuthola izindleko zalo lonke impahla, kuyadingeka ukwandisa izindleko zebhlokhi elilodwa.

Yini okufanele ibe yinqwaba yodonga

Ubukhulu bezindonga ezivela e-ceramzitobetone bunqunywa ngokuya ngegama lesakhiwo. Ngokusekelwe emazingeni ezokwakha nemithetho (i-SNIP), ubukhulu obunconyiwe bodonga lukakhonkolo ka-Ceramzite lwesakhiwo sokuhlala lungama-64 cm.

Kepha, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi udonga lomthwali isakhiwo singaba nodonga olungamamitha angama-39. Ukwakha izindonga zezwe zasehlobo noma i-cottage, ukwakha ezinye izakhiwo zezomnotho, ubukhulu bezodonga bungaba ebhlokeni elilodwa.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Amakhethini ekhejini ekhishini: Ungayikhetha kanjani amakhethini amahle?

Ukubekwa kobuchwepheshe

Okokuqala, cabanga ngobuchwepheshe bokubeka. Amabhulokhi ahlukile esakhiweni nasekuguqulweni: okuyize nokugcwele. Isikhathi esigcwele sisetshenziselwa isisekelo kanye nezitezi eziphansi, okulindeleke ukuthi zilayishe. I-hollow isetshenziselwa ukwakha izindonga lapho umthwalo omncane uthinteka khona.

Ukulungiswa kwesisekelo kumele kube okuhlobene naku-Horizon. Uma kungekho indawo evundlile, i-Belt Foundation isetshenziswa ngaphambili. Ukungahambi kahle okuncane ebusweni akuyona inhlekelele, zingahambelana nesixazululo senqubo yokuba yimikhono yomugqa wokuqala wodonga.

Esezinhlelweni zokulungiselela isisekelo, kufakwa ungqimba olungenamanzi, lungasetshenziswa umgijimi ojwayelekile.

Izinga lokubeka ngesinye sezigaba ezibalulekile. Emakhoneni odongeni lwesikhathi esizayo udinga ukufaka ojantshi abakhethekile abazokuvumela ukuthi ulawule izinga lemigqa yokuqala nelandelayo. Ungasebenzisa ama-slats wokhuni, okubaluleke kakhulu, noma ngabe abushelelezi. Lezi zijahi zifakwa ngokuqondile ebangeni le-10 mm ukusuka emakhoneni nasebusweni bethoyini yesikhathi esizayo.

Emijalini, sinaka izinga lesisekelo bese sibeka amamaki ahambelana namaphuzu aphezulu obukhulu bochungechunge, enikezwe osayizi bemikhumbi (10 - 12 mm). Ojantshile ojantshile umugqa wezingubo noma intambo, into esemqoka ukuthi wayezoba namandla. Intambo eyeluliwe (intambo ekhethiwe) Kuyadingeka ukubona ibanga phakathi kwalo nodonga olungaba ngu-10 mm.

Ukulungiselela Isixazululo

Okwezinhlaka zamabhulokhi kakhonkolo ka-Ceramzite, kanye ne-Brickwork, kusetshenziswa isixazululo kusuka kuso usimende nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 3. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kusetshenziswa i-lime.

Ukubekwa komugqa wokuqala

Iyunithi ngalinye kufanele limangele ngamanzi ukuze lifinyelele anamanzi angcono. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi, ungathela inombolo ethile yamabhulokhi ngasikhathi sinye. Kungcono lapho zonke izikhala zebhulokhi ziswakanyiswe ngamanzi. Amanzi kufanele ancishwe ebusweni, futhi hhayi nje nje.

Ukulala njalo kuqala ekhoneni lodonga. Esisekelweni sisebenzisa isixazululo somugqa wokuqala, ukushuba kwaso akufanele kudlule ama-22 mm.

Isendlalelo sesixazululo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha amaningana asevele evinjiwe. Lapho ibhlokhi lidabukisa, ikhambi liyaphuma ngaphansi kwalo. Sisebenzisa isixazululo ku-4 - 5 amabhlogo, asisenangqondo, ngoba izobanda kuze kube yilapho amabhulokhi okuqala ahlanganisiwe. I-block ibekwe kahle kwikhambi, ngosizo lwesibambo se-trigger noma isando serabha sigijimela.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuyihambisa ngaphansi kwamaphoyinti abhalwe ngaphambili kujantshi nangaphansi kwezinga lentambo. Umthungo kufanele ungabi ngaphezu kwe-10 mm, izinsalela zekhambi lokukhuluma zisuswa yi-workshop (ilusizo emugqeni olandelayo). Kuyadingeka futhi ukugcwalisa isici se-lateral ngesisombululo phakathi kwamabhulokhi.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Bungakanani ubude bekhethini: ukubalwa okulungile

Ukubeka umugqa wesibili nokulandela

Umbukiso wentambo ongenhla. Okwesibili futhi yonke imigqa elandelayo yafakwa ekhoneni. Isendlalelo Sezisondlo sisetshenziswa ebusweni obungenhla somugqa obekelwe isivele, futhi futhi faka isixazululo somugqa ophansi webhlokhi elilandelayo. Sikubeka futhi sikubambe.

Ngemuva kwalokho, sibadumaza isibambo sesiqu, ukusilinganisa ngaphansi kwamaphoyinti afiselekayo nentambo. Sisusa isixazululo esithe xaxa futhi sigcwalise ubuso obuseceleni phakathi kwamabhulokhi. Enqubweni yokubeka usebenzisa ukulawulwa kwezinga elibheke phezulu. Futhi, asikho isidingo sokukhohlwa umaki ojantshi kanye nentambo.

Ukubekwa kwezindonga kusuka emabhulokini kakhonkolo e-ceramzit kufanele kube ukufakwa ngaphakathi. Isendlalelo ngasinye esiphezulu sibekwe nohambo ngesigamu sebhulokhi ubude. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa amandla odonga nokuxhumana kwemisipha yokuphakama kwebhulokhi.

Imvamisa, izindonga ze-monolithic ezivela kukhonkolo we-ceramzite zisetshenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo eziningi ezikhethekile. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala ukwakhiwa okuqinile kwendlu, ngokuntuleka komthungo.

Izindlela zokubeka zincike ebubanzilweni kakhonkolo kakhonkolo we-ceramzite.

1. Ngokwakhiwa kwegumbi lokusetshenziswa (egalaji, i-warehouse) ububanzi bodonga bungabi ngaphezu kwama-20 cm. Udonga luyavela ngaphakathi, ukufakwa kwangaphandle koboya bezimbiwa noma kusetshenziswe i-polystyrene foam.
2. Ukugeza kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo, ezincanyana, ububanzi bodonga bungalingana nosayizi weyunithi, hhayi nje ama-20 cm. Kulokhu, i-bandage isivele ithathiwe. Ukufakwa kwe-thermal kusetshenziswa, njengecala lokuqala, kepha ungqimba kufanele okungenani abe ngu-50 mm.
3. Ukwakha indlu yezwe noma i-cottage, ububanzi bodonga kufanele okungenani bube ngama-600 mm. Udonga luza nokusatshalaliswa kwamabhulokhi kanye nama-void akhethekile phakathi kwawo adinga ukushiywa lapho ebeka. Ngokuzenzelwa yize ukusebenzisa ukufakwa. Kusuka ngaphakathi kodonga kuyabekwa.
4. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo. Lapho kwenziwa udonga lwangaphandle, ukwahlukaniswa okubili kwenziwa ngokufana komunye nomunye. Zihlotshaniswa nokufakelwa. Phakathi kwazo, ukufakwa kwabekwa futhi zombili izinhlangothi ziyaphawula. Le ndlela inzima kakhulu, kepha ihlinzeka ngokufakwa okuhle kwekamelo.

Ividiyo ethi "Ungayenza kanjani i-Wall Masonry kusuka ku-Ceramic Concrete Block"

Ividiyo odongeni lwezinhlelo zodonga ngokusetshenziswa kwamabhulokhi kakhonkolo e-Ceramzite njengento. Ukuboniswa kobumbano ngokuzijwayeza ngamazwana.