Individual sewage in the house or in the country - the dream of many. To use the street toilet for a long time is tired. Usually the deterrent factor is the lack of the required amount. In this case, you can make a wastewater cleaning system using a tank septic tank. It has a relatively low price, the service life is about 50 years.
Design and principle of work
Septic tank externally looks like a large plastic cube with a ribbed surface and a neck (or two) sticking over the surface. Inside it is divided into three compartments in which wastewater purification is passed.
The housing of this septica is solidly cast, the seams has no. There are seams only in the location of the neck. This seam welded, practically monolithic - 96%.
Septic tank: appearance
Although the housing and plastic, it is definitely not fragile - a decent wall thickness (10 mm) and additional even thicker edges (17 mm) add strength. What is wondering that when installing septic tank does not require a plate and anchoring. At the same time, even at a high level of groundwater, this installation does not pop up, but this is when compliance with the installation requirements (about them just below).
Another constructive feature is a modular structure. That is, if you already have such a setup, and found that it is not enough for you enough, just next to install another section, connect it with already working.
The modular structure allows you to increase the power of the septic tank at any time.
Principle of operation
Septic tank works as well as many other similar installations. The procedure for cleansing wastewater is:
- Water merging from home enters the receiving compartment. It has the largest volume. While it is filled, waste decomposes, roam. The process comes with bacteria that are contained in the waste itself, and the tank simply creates good conditions for their livelihoods. In the process of cleaning, solid precipitates fall on the bottom where it is gradually pressed. Lighter fat-containing particles of contaminants rise up, forming a film on the surface. In the middle part more or less clean water (cleansing at this stage is about 40%), through the overflowing hole in the second chamber.
- In the second compartment, the process continues. The result is a cleansing by another 15-20%.
- The third chamber has in the top of the bio filter. It occurs in the techs of the drain up to 75%. Through the overflow opening, the water is output from the septica for further purification (in the filtering column, on the filtration fields - depending on the type of soil and the level of groundwater).
Work scheme septic tank
As you can see, no difficulties. With the proper installation and operation, the septic tank works correctly - it does not depend on electricity, so that in the countryside interruptions with electricity is not terrible. Also, it is not bad to install a non-uniform schedule of use, which is typical for cottages. In this case, the flow of effluents on weekdays is usually minimal or absent, and at the weekend reaches a maximum. Such a schedule does not affect the result of cleaning. The only thing you need for cottage is preservation for winter, if accommodation is not planned. To do this, you need to pump out, fill all the tanks with water on 2/3, to warm the top (pour foliage, tops, etc.). In this form, you can leave to winter.
Features of operation
As with any septic tank, the tank reacts poorly to a large amount of active chemistry - the one-time flow of a large amount of water with a chlorine or chlorine-containing drug kills bacteria. Accordingly, the cleansing quality deteriorates, the smell may appear (there is no normal mode of operation). Exit - wait until the bacteria multiply or add from the enforcement (bacteria for septic parts is available).| Name | Dimensions (d * w * c) | How much can clean | Volume | Weight | Price septica tank | Installation price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Septic tank - 1 (no more than 3 people). | 1200 * 1000 * 1700 mm | 600 Listed / Day | 1200 liters | 85 kg | 330-530 $ | from $ 250. |
| Septic tank - 2 (for 3-4 people). | 1800 * 1200 * 1700 mm | 800 Listers / Day | 2000 liters | 130 kg | 460-760 $ | from $ 350. |
| Septic tank - 2.5 (for 4-5 people) | 2030 * 1200 * 1850 mm | 1000 leaf / day | 2500 liters | 140 kg | 540-880 $ | from 410 $ |
| Septic tank - 3 (for 5-6 people) | 2200 * 1200 * 2000 mm | 1200 Listed / Day | 3000 liters | 150 kg | 630-1060 $ | from 430 $ |
| Septic tank - 4 (for 7-9 people) | 3800 * 1000 * 1700 mm | 600 Listed / Day | 1800 liters | 225 kg | 890-1375 $ | from 570 $ |
| Infiltrator 400. | 1800 * 800 * 400 mm | 400 liters | 15 kg | $ 70. | from $ 150. | |
| Cover D 510. | 32 $ | |||||
| The throat extension D 500 | Height 500 mm | $ 45. | ||||
| Well for pump D 500 | Height 600 mm | 120 $ | ||||
| Well for pump D 500 | Height 1100 mm | 170 $ | ||||
| Well for pump D 500 | Height 1600 mm | 215 $ | ||||
| Well for pump D 500 | Height 2100 mm | 260 $ |
Another feature that should be taken into account is not to wash off waste, which are not decomposed by bacteria. As a rule, it is waste that appear during repairs. It is not enough that they can score the sewer, and you will have to clean it, so these particles significantly increase the number of yals, and clean the septic tank will have to be more often.
Methods of organization of doochetics
At the outlet of the septic tank, the drains are cleaned by 75-80%. As you understand, it will not be possible to use them without a doctor. There are several options here, and largely depend on the type of soil (their ability to remove water) and groundwater levels.
Normal absorbency and medium or low yield
There is a regular way to drive water developed by the same company - Installation Installation. The infiltrator is the capacity of a special form, in the bottom of which there are numerous holes through which conditionally clean water falls down. This device is installed on a large chungy pillow - the minimum thickness of it is 40 cm (this is the normal ability of the soils to divert water if the ground is clay or loam, the layer is increased). The remains of pollution remain on the crushed, and clean water goes into the ground.
Mounting scheme Septic tank with dimensions on soils with normal absorbency and low cov
The second version of the doctrine of the drain after the septica tank is a filtration column. These are several concrete rings (2-4 pcs) of the meter diameter, covered in the ground near the wastewater treatment plant. First, it is digging with a pillow on this column, the pillow of rubble is pillow, then the rings are installed, their joints are sealed, after which the gap between the walls of the well and the pit is poured. The bottom ring can have perforated walls. Through these holes or through the missing bottom, the water absorbs into the ground, where it is completely cleaned.
Puffy with a filtering well
If you compare these two systems, then the installation of infiltrates is more environmentally safe, and in a practical plan it is more convenient. The fact is that after some time the crushed stone will be aligned with the remnants of pollution, water will cease to leave. To restore the performance of the doctrine, rubble must be replaced. As understandable of the design, it is easier to do this if the tank is set to the tank septic tank. Their second plus is a large area from which water is out of. At one infiltrator, the area of contact with the ground is 21 frames, at the well - only a circle with a diameter of 1 meter, if the rings are ordinary, or about 4 squares, if the walls of the last ring are perforated.
Option Pindle on normally absorbent soils with low cov
Third option - Filtering field device. This is when the fertile layer of the Earth is removed on a certain area, replace part of the soil with sand and rubble (30 cm minimum), plastic pipes are laid on top of this cushion, the drainage holes are drilled in the walls. The laid pipes fall asleep by rubble, the ground, in which the lawn grass is planted or make a flower garden on this place. It is impossible to use this area for the garden or garden. The disadvantages of this method of purification of effluents are needed a large area, a large volume of sand and rubble, which will have to change after a while (it will also be lit).
Selecting the best septicic for home and giving is described here.
Periodic increase in groundwater level with normal soils
Many houses stand on sites where groundwater rises periodically - while melting of snow or autumn strung rains. At the same time, the soil on the site normally assigns water (sands, sandy, etc.), with normal condition water goes quickly and only periodically its amount is so large that it can stand already in a half-meter below the soil level.
With a periodically increasing corning put a cumulative well
In this case, a well-storage well is put between the septic and installation of the doctors, in which almost purified water may be some time until the soil waters leave. Then water will be able to "solve" on their own. Ways to clean the drainage in this case are similar to those described above.
High groundwater level
In fact, the scheme is the same - with an intermediate well between the septic tank and the doctor devices, but with a tangible difference:
- On the tube between the well and septic, the check valve is installed. It is needed that when the well is overflowing, the water did not go in the opposite direction - to the septic tank.
- Be sure to use the pump to pump out the drain when the system is threatened. You can withdraw them on the same filtration settings.
- The method of purification method is just one - bulk field filtering fields. Rubble falls asleep above the ground level, forming a zone for wastewatering. Purified water gradually goes into the ground. These fields can be made using infiltrates or using plastic sewer pipes with holes.
With constantly high level of groundwater
What else can be said about this case - the filtration fields have a large area. All water volume should somehow leave. If there is a waste ditch nearby, after the fingering water can be directed there.
In general, the best output at a high level of groundwater is aeration, such as Topa, for example.
Poorly conductive soil
The most difficult case. Here the option is essentially one - to make a filtering pad, and from it to output the purified water into the wastewall. The complexity in the filter ditch device - a large volume of rubble is required, as well as a system for collecting purified water.
With poor absorbency of soils
Septic septicity is described here.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of the septic tank is its non-volatility, which in the conditions of the countryside or in the country undoubtedly goes and the pros. The second pleasant moment is relatively low prices for installation. If we compare with the cost of concrete rings for homemade septic, it turns out not so cheap, but if you consider the difference in the delivery, installation speed, then the difference does not seem so significant. Another plus compared to septa from concrete rings is the tightness of the case, as well as the fact that, with proper installation, the tank is not scary or minor portion of soils.Disadvantages are common to all septicists. This is a relatively low degree of wastewater purification - about 75%, and the need to organize a cookie, which often doubles the cost of the entire system.
Step-by-step installation septic tank
Installation of the septicity Tank is difficult to call. The main thing is to dug the kitty for the septic and cooking devices, as well as the trenches for pipes connecting all this and the house in one system.
The depth of installation of the septic tank is determined by the depth of freezing. If it is no more than 1.50-1.70 cm, septic tank is used as standard. If the soil freezes 2 meters and more, an additional neck is used, respectively, the depth of the installation increases.
Drinking such a depth, so that only the cover is only the cover + 3-5 cm on the sandy submet to align the bottom. The dimensions of the kit should be more of the size of septica by 25 cm or more.
Scheme with installation sizes Septic tank
Installation Septic tank with photo
Next - step by step:
- Copy pitted. You can do this manually or using technology. Dno align, smear the sand with a layer of 3-5 cm, compact, align it into the level.
Bottom of the pit align sand
- Lower the housing. Make it comfortably on the ropes, passing them into the intervals between the ribs.
- We check, even if it became septic (the construction level laid on the horses covers).
- To the inlet nozzle, which is located on the upper surface of the case, connect the waste pipe from the house. Also labeled the pipe to the appliances or an intermediate well (depending on the selected scheme). Pipes are better to use polyethylene for outdoor work (red-colored). They withstand negative temperatures, normally transfer loads.
On the entrance nozzle, we put on the fitting, connect it to it, coming from the house
- We begin to pour water into the housing.
- When the level in the container rises by about 20 cm, we begin to fasten the gap between the walls of the pit and the septic casing. For snowing, we use a sand-cement mixture: for 1 part of the cement we take 5 parts of the sand. It is necessary to fall asleep around the perimeter, manually, without the use of technology. Fall asleep 20 cm, the layer is sealing with a manual tamping, watching not to damage the case. During backfill, the water level in the septic should be 20-30 cm above the sand layer. This ensures the correct position of the walls when working.
Fall asleep sand cement mixture
- Fall asleep the wall to the upper part of the housing, they pour about 15 cm of the mixture, it is aligned and compacted.
- Layer layer insulation. The best option is extruded polystyrene foam (EPPS), you can still use isofol. The use of foam plastic is undesirable - it can flat down from the loads of the soil and will stop working. At all, it is impossible to use mineral wool - it is hygroscopic and after a while simply croupled into the duch. The insulation layer depends on the region and the type of material used. For example, EPPS for the middle band of Russia requires 5 cm, for the northern regions - 10 cm.
Epps laid
- On top of the insulation, we fall asleep "native" soil. The height of the backfill is in short with a soil level.
It's all. Septic tank set. There are few more points related to the creation of the sewer system. The sewer pipe that comes from home makes sense to insulate. In the regions with not very cold in winter, it is enough to put an EPPS (it must close the pipe and perform at the edges of 7-10 cm). It can be simply filled with soil.
The pipeline is desirable to inspire. Then you will be sure that he will not freeze in winter
In the northern regions, only insulation on the pipe may not be enough. In addition to this, the pipes are heated with heating cables for water supply and sewer pipes. So that the effectiveness of heating was higher, it is not laid outside, but inside the pipe. Only the shell must be resistant to the effects of aggressive media.
Installation of infiltrator
One of the components of individual sewage using the septic tank is an infiltrator. This is a device for purifying wastewater overlooking the septica. It is a plastic container made in the form of a trapezium, in the walls and the bottom of which there are many slot type holes.
What is an infiltrator and how it works
Relatively small in size - 1800 * 800 * 400 mm, it accommodates up to 400 liters of fluid. It is stacked on a gravel pillow with a height of 40 cm. Such a height of the crushed stone layer is necessary on the soils with a normal ability to divert water, on the coiforning soils it can be 70 cm, and more.
The number of necessary infiltrates depends on the value of the salvo discharge, as well as the characteristics of the soils. With the same installation power, on sand, well-draining soils require fewer pupil elements than on soils with an average or poor drainage ability.
Infiltrator Installation Scheme for Tank Septic
The order of installation of the infiltrator for the final wastewater treatment is:
- Copper of the pit, which is 500 mm more in the size of the finantrodrator.
- The bottom and walls weave geotextiles. It is necessary for the crushed stone to be mixed with the soil.
- We embarrass and equalize the crushed stone layer.
Crushed stone
- Place the infiltrator body.
- We connect it to the output of the septic.
- Install the ventilation pipe.
We put in the hull kittle
- I fall asleep sand so that it falls asleep the body from above by 15 cm.
- We put the layer of insulation (can be the same as on the housing septic tank).
- I fall asleep soil.
When installing the infiltrator, it is not necessary to use a mixture of sand and cement, as the housing lies on a rubble pillow, which successfully compensates for all moves.
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