Today, around the world, the arrangement of houses is given great importance, because the porch is an integral part of any cottage, a country house, and even cottages. From how the steps and the territory around them look, the holistic design of the whole structure depends.
Concrete staircase
To build a beautiful and comfortable porch, it is very important to build a comfortable and solid staircase, which can be made from various materials and their combination. Most often for the arrangement of the stairs, brick, wood, concrete and reinforced concrete are used.
The choice of a suitable material depends on which the construction of the house itself was performed. If the house is stone or brick, then the steps and the porch are better made from the same materials. It is also worth entering and in the event that a tree was used for the construction of the house.
Concrete staircase is considered the most durable, durable and convenient in operation. If during the construction of the Master's stairs, the technologies followed and comply with all the requirements, the steps will not pass moisture and will be wear-resistant.
The design may be in the form:
- circle;
- trapezium;
- square;
- Rectangle.
Also, the steps can be decorated with the form of a veranda, or just be in an open or closed form.
The main distinguishing feature of the ladder from concrete is that the metal frame is well protected from precipitation and other weather cataclysms, which prevents corrosion and destruction of the base.
Next, we will tell about how to make the staircase from concrete correctly, so that it serves you for many years faithfully.
How to perform a formwork?
Porch of concrete
So that the territory near the house was transformed with the help of a staircase, first of all you will need to make a formwork. The formwork is a kind of "shape" in which a concrete solution is poured. For monolithic structures, it is possible to use a conventional formwork for a typical shape.
The formwork is installed in the place where you plan to place a staircase. The main task is to consolidate all the details with the help of dowels, nails and other materials for fixing. It is very important that the formwork was durable, otherwise she will be able to collapse or deform, which will lead to an unsuitability of the whole design.
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In order for the staircase turned out to be smooth, it is worth picking up a wooden planed board for formwork, which is firmly attached to each other. It would not be bad if you inside additionally annoy the boards with a smooth plywood. Please note that all the bars should not have any cracks and other damage. This is very important, because the solution should not leak through the gaps of the wood.
Before pouring a concrete, the surface of the boards is wetted with water, so that the tree is soften and it has become more supplied. Also, the solution will be harder to absorb themselves, and at the end it will turn out a more even and smooth surface.
Cooking mortar for filling steps
We make a staircase for the porch yourself
To arrange a porch at home with a staircase, you will need to knead the concrete solution. For this you will come in handy:
- sand;
- water;
- crushed stone (can be replaced by gravel);
- Cement powder.
I would like to emphasize that if one of the above list is eliminated to eliminate crushed stone or its analogues, then you do not prepare concrete, but a simple cement solution.
A proportional combination of ingredients depends on the brand of cement and the required brand of concrete: the higher the concrete brand, the better quality it turns out the mixture.
To prepare a concrete solution under the brand 200, you will need cement at number 400 in proportions with sand one to two. Most often, the ratio of components is observed in this form:
- 1 part of cement;
- 2 pieces of sand;
- 4 parts of rubble;
- 0.5 parts of water.
But, it is not worth it to stick to this ratio. It all depends on the quality of raw materials. Do not try to save, buying a cheap cement powder! Better buy a high brand material, and choose sand without clay inclusions. If you are not a specialist, then you can distinguish sand with clay still: it has a pronounced yellowish tint. But you need river sand - gray, better if it is succeeding and cleaned.
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It does not interfere with the preparation of concrete mass to use various additives in the form of stabilizers and hydrophobizers, which will only improve the properties of the concrete mass.
You can knead the concrete both manually and concrete mixer. To do this, water is mixed with cement, then sand is plugged, and in the completion, rubble or its analogues are added. All ingredients are embedded to a homogeneous consistency, which will be similar to the sour cream.
What do you need to have at hand?
Concrete staircase for the porch
In order for the house porch got a concrete staircase, you will need to purchase a certain material, as well as tools. For high-quality work, you will be useful for you:
- concrete mixer;
- shovel;
- Mysteries or buckets in which you can easily knead the solution;
- sand, crushed stone, water and cement powder;
- iron or steel fittings;
- Materials for fixing (nails, dowel, etc.);
- planed wood bars;
- plywood;
- Scissors for cutting metal;
- plane;
- hacksaw;
- a hammer.
Before pouring concrete, rods from metal are installed around the perimeter of the entire formwork, which are firmly associated or welded with each other. If welding is used, you need to grab the strainer with a point with a step in 10-15 cm. Such your actions will increase the level of strength of the structure, get rid of you on the possible appearance of cracks and deformation of the formwork.
To protect the surface of the staircase from possible destruction, cover them with a metal area. For this, rods are welded to the corner, which are then immersed in liquid concrete.
It is very important to install the reinforced iron march. This will give the strength to the average staircase, which is there no support. If under the march will be a solid basis, concrete can not be reinforced. It is possible to install the march, both in the staircase array, and weld to plates from the metal, which are laid down in the staircase or in the design itself.
Technique fill solutions
Staircase with her own hands
Article on the topic: Monolithic staircase
At the end of all preparatory processes to install the stairs on the porch of the house, you can begin directly fill the steps.
As a rule, the steps are poured with a single monolithic unit into one approach. This gives greater adhesion and strength of the steps themselves.
Please note that the width of the house of the house is 1.5 times more than the width of the doorway. But, it's just a recommendation, and not strict rule.
After the fill of the concrete solution, it is better to moisten with water, which will give the surface of smoothness. At the end of work on the pouring of the porch, the spatula or direct frame aligns the applied layer of concrete.
Please note that all the steps on the porch at the house should be one height, to prevent bruises or accidents of guests and households. The recommended height of the steps is up to 25cm.
Since the time to froze the concrete, you need a little, just a few hours, the next day you can already walk on the steps. But if you have the opportunity, still give a new-made porch at home to stand a couple of days.
I also want to say that the installation of steps can be carried out only in dry weather. Since the concrete must dry up gradually, so if it is too hot or on the contrary, a rainy day is to cover it with a film.
We carry out the calculation of the steps
Staircase made of concrete
Of course, only the owners of the house can choose material for the construction of steps. But, despite the selected material, it is necessary to pre-conduct all the necessary calculations:
- Calculate the angle of inclination of the steps;
- determine the length of the march;
- Determine the number of steps.
So that all calculations were performed correctly, follow the requirements of SNiP, which are shown in the table below.
| Demand | Indicator |
| The angle of inclination march | From 27 o 45O |
| The height of the riser | From 15 to 20 cm |
| Width of the optimal adoption | In the range of 25-32 cm |
| Width of stepped span | From 90 to 110 cm |
| Distance from the threshold to the last steps | Not less than 1.2m |
We hope that our article was useful to you and interesting. Good repair!