No one else is that one of the main criteria for comfortable living conditions in the house has a system ventilation system. The air ventilation is necessary not only for the use of human body, but also for the design of the room. Ventkanals in brick walls of the house allow you to control the necessary level of concentration of harmful substances, air temperature and humidity within each room.
Air ventilation is applicable not only for residential premises. Very often, the ventilation system is used in the baths, industrial workshops, cellars, warehouses.
Techniques of the ventilation system
There are several techniques of ventilation systems, with which it is possible to achieve the right air exchange in a residential building.Natural type technique
Circulation of air flow occurs through window and door holes, as well as through the built-in ventilation channels, which are laid during the construction of the house. These channels can be observed in the kitchen, in the bathroom, as well as in the restroom. Such channels, during the construction of the house, can be paved next to the chimns or in racks intended for ventilation.
Scheme of the main ventilation system
Air passages can adjoin the level from the roof of the house, or be a little higher. This is done in order that in the ventilation system could create a pressure drop, for high-quality thrust and circulation of air flow. Thus, the old air leaves the room, because it is warmer, and fresh (coolest) enters the system into the house.
It is important to know that the ventilation was correct and high-quality, ventilated channels must have a smooth masonry, and irregularities should not be present in them, and even more harder. This will lead to channel contamination and reduce the productivity of the entire system.
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On the productivity of the system, in our time, new technologies are very affected - hermetic metal-plastic windows. Creating full tightness in the house, we bring the ventilation of a natural type to zero. In such cases, to level the room, you need to open the windows more often.
Method for forcibly type
The work of such a system is to forced air circulation, using special devices (fans), which are responsible for the exhaust air and its influx. The scheme of such a system is not complicated, the main thing is to know where the fan is better to install, for quality work.
Types of forced ventilation:
- Forced feed and natural extract;
- Forced feed and exhaust;
- Forced hood and natural feed.
This type can be made in an old house where there is natural ventilation.
Forced ventilation system
To create forced ventilation, you need to purchase several fans for drawing and supplying air. For forced feed, you need to install one fan on the wall, in the area of the window, (to make a hole under it), and the other to install in the ventilation channel of the old natural exhaust, it will create a forced hood. Thus, ventilation indoors is enhanced. The stream of fresh air increases, and the old goes into the channel.
Requirements SNIP
SNiP is a set of building standards and rules. Special norms and rules also provide for the construction of the ventilation channel. Condensation and ventilation are used to achieve the microclimate indicators necessary for this room. Sniped for ventilation is quite a big set of rules and norms. Consider the main.
According to SNIP, the temperature of the residential premises should not be below +15 degrees in the unused period.
- The brick mine for ventilation should be based only after the project scheme is made with the mandatory compliance with the rules and norms.
- To remove air of their room, which is heated, it is necessary to create natural ventilation. In the event that there is no possibility of creating natural ventilation, it is necessary to use inflow ventilation
- Placing brick ventilation channels, you must follow fire safety rules. It is forbidden to have channels directly near the furnaces and fireplaces. In case of ignoring these rules, the channels will become fire accelerators at the moment of ignition.
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- It is necessary to use lattices to ventilation channels with open cells and with the absence of vertical protrusions.
- The size of the channels for the chimney must provide the desired section. It is necessary to choose it on the basis of power indicators:
- Power no more than 3.5 kW - the size of the chimney 14x14 cm;
- With a capacity of 3.5-5.2 kW - the size of the chimney 14x20 cm;
- The capacity of more than 5.2 kW is the size of the chimney 14x27 cm.
Masonry technology
The most productive way, therefore popular, the double laying of bricks with a vertical square movement is considered. For Ventkanal Masonry, a full-length brick is used, and the solution is used as much as for masonry wall. When the house is built of brick, then in its walls you need to design ventilation in advance.
So, consider the channel laying technology. First of all, it is necessary to make marking, applying an inventory folding pattern. This pattern can be made independently. You need to use a 14x250x2.5 cm board, make cuts in it that match the ventilation channel on the wall plan.
The most common channel size is 140x140mm. In order for the channel to be as smooth as possible and protect it from contamination, bugs are used for laying. In the form of buses, you can use a wooden box that must match the sizes of our duct.
Its height should be at least the height of seven bricks. Buook is inserted into the middle of the channel, and moves above seven - eight bricks. All seams need to be well chopped with a solution, it will eliminate the penetration of smoke or vapor into the room, near which the channel itself passes. Ventilation can adjoin
The most frequent errors and their correction
There are a number of errors that people are allowed during construction that interfere with the normal operation of the air exchange in the house. Consider each of them, and we will also figure it out how to fix it.
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- The lack of or bad ventilation of the room where there is no windows. This can lead to an increase in humidity, which entails the appearance of mold and fungus. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to make a separate source of fresh air supply with a bandwidth of 15 m³ / h.
- Education in the wall of the hole. Through this hole in the middle passes the cold air from the street, which lead to the loss of heat. This problem is solved using the installation in the fan hole. It is also necessary for the construction brick around the fan to be treated with liquid with hydrophobic abilities, as the moisture will still come to the brick.
- The lack of ventilation holes in the inner doors can lead to impede the effective circulation of air. Solve this problem is easy - you need to do in the door holes, which can be released from the room with dirty air. The dimensions of the holes can be made 80x80cm or 150x150cm. To qualitatively disguise them, use a decorative lattice.
- Good tightness of metal-plastic windows prevents the natural circulation of air in the house. The absence of circulation contributes to the formation of chemicals whose impact on the body leads to malignant formations. To create circulation, you need to use windows with a ventilation system.
Ventilation is necessary for any room, and especially for residential buildings. After all, the well-being and health of man directly depends on freshness in the house.
Video "Brickwork of flue and ventilation channels"
Video about the masonry method of Ventkanalov in a brick wall. A detailed description of the work, with the discussion of the nuances.