The wiring in the bathroom requires professional knowledge and skills, so if you are familiar with the electrician only on the household level, it is better to entrust all the work related to it specialists who know their job well. However, even if you entrust the organization of electrical wiring to professionals, it will be useful for you to know about the most important aspects and the main stages of this work in order to further be confident in your own family security and the safety of your family. After all, electricity in case of any malfunction can cause a breakdown of household appliances, and in the worst case - to cause serious damage to health. If you want to make wiring with your own hands, examine this question in detail. In this article we tried to summarize all the information on this topic.
In the bathroom, due to the close neighborhood with water, the danger of electricity increases ten times. That is why it is so important to organize wiring in the bathroom in all the rules.
All standards and recommendations on the arrangement of electrical wiring in rooms with elevated levels of air humidity are registered in the "Rules of Electrical Installation Device", "Building Rules and Rules", as well as in Guest "Electrical Installation of Buildings". Documents are in public domain, therefore everyone can easily familiarize themselves with them.
Where to start installation?
Start the installation of wiring, as a rule, with the preparation of the plan of the room. With this work you will be quite able to cope on your own. Experts are used to create electrical wiring schemes special computer programs, but novice masters will be more convenient to do this in the old manner: a simple pencil on paper. With the help of a construction roulette, make all the necessary measurements and draw a simplified drawing of the bathroom, not forgetting to designate the location of the doors, sewer pipes, etc.
Next, you need to think about the location of furniture and plumbing equipment, because relative to these elements of the interior we will choose a place for sockets.
Calculate how many in the room there will be instruments running from electricity. At least - this is a washing machine. Plus one socket is needed for small household appliances, such as a hairdryer, electric shaver, hair forceps, etc. Another outlet is desirable to provide for the reserve - in case of connecting new equipment, for example, a shower cabin or an electric heated towel rail.
To the walls of the bathroom were not completely dotted with sockets, it is better to acquire double. This approach will not only save space, but also requires less physical costs, because under each rosette in the wall it is necessary to pierce the stroke, and this is heavy and dirty work.
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Also, you should consider the lighting: Decide how many in the bathroom there will be lighting devices, and where they will be located. There are many options: it can be classic ceiling, wall and floor lamps, LED backlighting or something else. The light source may be one or more. The main condition is all moisture-resistant. In addition, prior space for ventilation and select the connection method.
Necessary materials
The next stage is the selection of materials and equipment. We compile a list of purchases (the number of components will depend on the size of the bathroom and on the number of electrical devices installed indoors):
- Silence three-core cable made of copper. For different equipment, the wiring cross section should be different. Thus, for connecting household appliances, a cable with a cross section of wiring 4 mm.kv is needed, for sockets - 2.5 mm.kv., and for lighting devices - 15 mm.kv. Experts recommend to stop the choice on the NYM import cable or on domestic VVGN;
- Set of dowel-clamps. These mounts are used to mount the electrical wires to the wall;
- Sockets and switches. When buying, pay special attention to their characteristics: they must have the appropriate class of protection against moisture and dust, they are indicated by marking the IPXX type, where the first figure is a class of dustproof, and the second is a class of moisture protection. Outlets must be equipped with a special cover.
- Moisture-resistant lamps. The defense class is indicated by the same label as on sockets.
- PV-3 power cable required to organize potential equalization system.
Security measures
Wiring, laid in the bathroom, must meet several important requirements. You may not worry about security if:
- Electric wires are carried out in a hidden way;
- The electrical wiring is set to UZO;
- All electrical appliances are grounded;
- There are no switches and switchboards in the bathroom;
- Outlets have a protection class from moisture from entering no lower IPX4;
- Outlets are set at a distance of at least 60 cm from water sources;
- All connections and connecting electrical wires were performed outside the room, without using terminals,
- In the bathroom, which contains powerful electrical appliances (for example, washing machine or boiler), a circuit breaker is installed.
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Special attention should be paid to the organization of grounding. If your home has been built already in the 21st century, then this moment, most likely, was taken into account by the builders. If you live in an older house, then you have to take care of the instruments yourself. It is done very easily - through the electrical panel located on the staircase.
Some ground equipment is a very risky way - through batteries or sewage riser. Such an ill-conceived solution can cost life, because we do not know what kind of pipes are outside our apartment. Installation of wiring is exactly the case when it is better to go proven, and not to look for original solutions.
Sequence of work
- First you need to prepare in the walls of the deepening for laying electrical wires and sockets. To do this, with the help of a perforator hollow out grooves for wires (shoes) and sockets for a socket and a junction box. Do it in accordance with the plan drawn up at the initial stage of work.
- Next, set to the places of the submersion and the junction box. The wires are laid and fixed by their dowel-clamp or cement mortar. The electrical wire ends are connected to the opposite, not forgetting to pre-protect against isolation.
- The next step is to install sockets. Experts recommend attaching visible parts of the outlets after the completion of the finishing works so as not to be stained by their construction materials.
- Then connect the machine and the protective shutdown device. The installation is correctly tested using a multimeter - a device that is capable of determining the presence of a short circuit.
- If everything is in order, you can close the lobbers of the plaster mixture or the Rotband.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the organization of the system equalizing potentials. For this purpose, a special power cable is used, with which the washing machine, bath, sink and hot tubes are connected with hot and cold water. All this is connected to the grounding tire, which is installed on the introductory shield.
Recommendations and advice
- When buying electrical cables, pay attention to the material from which they are made. It is preferable to use copper, not aluminum cables, as they will serve you much longer. It is unacceptable to combine copper and aluminum wires. It is also recommended to check the cable cross section before purchasing - the size specified on the package does not always correspond to reality.
- High-quality equipment should be selected. Machines and RCDs from proven manufacturers using good materials are usually more expensive, but during operation fully justify its price. Specialists advise avoid electronics and acquire mechanical devices for a protective shutdown. They are more reliable, since they do not need their own food source.
- If you update the wiring throughout the house, then its connection to the meter is better to entrust the energy company. First, it is safer, and secondly, will save you further from the problems associated with the separation of the meter.
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So, the installation of electrical wiring is a very important stage of repairing the bathroom, so on how high quality work is performed, the safety of people living in the apartment. Therefore, it is so important to choose the key to choose materials and equipment, take all necessary security measures and act in compliance with all recommendations.
