Most schoolchildren give the summer specific tasks on biology. One of the most common is to collect samples of the plant world. To create herbarium from the leaves with your own hands, you will have to make a lot of effort. After all, it is necessary to correctly select plants, dry them and beautifully arrange in a special album. A small master class on making a dried collection of leaves will help you support young nerd in his works. From the materials of the article you will learn the rules of herbarization and you can beautifully arrange a botanical album. In addition, we will tell about an alternative way to create a collection of vegetation.
The scientific works of botany allowed the modern person to have an idea of rare plants. Several species disappear daily, and new ones come to replace them. In order to preserve the knowledge of individual Flora representatives, there was a way to design them in the form of a book with records about the place of collection and natural conditions of the sample.
What is herbarium
The name of Herbarium comes from the Latin word Herba - "Grass". It represents a collection of dried plants listed in a special directory. Italian Botanist Luca Gini became the first person who was collecting herbarium using paper. This material is very hygroscopic and allows for a long time to store the collected material.
Nowadays, more than 10 thousand scientists of Botany are engaged in the collection and design of Herbaris, leading work in 168 countries. The largest collections of plants are contained in US scientific institutions, France, Russia, Switzerland. Moreover, modern techniques allow you to store information not only by an old way - at the moment there are so-called digital herbaries. They are scanned photos of the gear sheets with complete sample information. If you can see the largest collections, only by visiting the Museum or Scientific Institute, then electronic catalogs are available online.
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Collect herbarium at home forces to everyone, because for these purposes there is a special paper, glue, press for drying samples, folders for storage. But to create a collection, it is not necessary to use these materials at all, it is enough to show some resourcefulness and put into the case what is being taken at hand. You can see ideas on the design:
How to collect material
A joint walk with the baby behind the samples in the forest or the park will bring a lot of benefit and pleasure. After all, this is an excellent opportunity to warm up, breathing fresh air and replenish the luggage of knowledge about the representatives of the plant world.
As a collection of herbarium samples, you must follow the following rules:
- The collection of material is carried out exclusively in dry weather;
- It is better to collect samples closer to noon, when the morning dew is already evaporated;
- Plants are removed from the ground completely so that all parts of it can be evaluated;
- For large copies (trees, shrubs), the most outstanding parts are selected that will help identify the sample;
- When collecting a deciduous collection, it is necessarily cut into a sharp knife part of the escape so that the type of plates is visible;
- The material is collected only in the absence of diseases and pests, marked traces of damage;
- Be sure to prepare a notebook and a handle before walk, because not only samples are important for herbarium, but also their description;
- For each sample, you need to take several instances. If the collection is delicious, you can collect various ones from one tree in shape and staining the plate.
You can create a collection of both spontaneously collected plants and purposefully by selecting a separate section, for example, medicinal plants, weed herbs, room representatives of the flora, etc.
Drying leaves
The easiest way to dryish in vivo is considered to be drying between the pages of the book. If the foliage was not wet and too juicy, this option is fit perfectly.
In order not to spoil the costly edition, pre-route between its sheets and the sample layer of paper.
The collected specimens are located on the drying in one layer. They are ventilated daily and transfer to other sheets of the book to avoid mold. The book from above can be pressed by the press so that the samples do not shine. After 5-10 days, you can start creating a collection.
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The following common drying method involves the use of an iron. The collected samples are placed between two sheets of white paper and stroke on medium temperature mode. You need to be prepared for the fact that the exciracity (dried sample) will lose natural color.
Album design
To arrange Herbarium to school, you can use a regular album for drawing lessons, but it is not too dense paper can be deformed after gluing the exciphet. Therefore, it is better to collect herbaric sheets separately. For their design, take:
- Dense white cardboard (the number of sheets is equal to the amount of dried plants);
- album sheets;
- Strips from decorative corrugated cardboard 4 by 12 cm;
- multi-phones;
- PVA glue, scissors, threads, hole punch.
The collected leaves gently remove from the repository. Adhes the lamella to the landscape sheet using PVA glue.
Cardboard carefully lubricate the glue and stick to it album sheets with dried leaves.
To save the sample and protect it from dust, use a multifora, cut into 2 parts or thin tracing. Protective layer Place on the sheet, running the corrugated cardboard strip and run the design with a hole. Lock each sheet of durable thread.
To each sample, glue the label at the bottom of the page indicating the place and time of collection, names, individual qualities of the plant. Then, the sheets need to be sewed together and attach the cover. In this case, photographs made during the collection and treated in the photo editor in the form of a collage are used.
You can use the usual folder, inserting the gear sheets into it.
Unusual option
Sometimes an interesting task for the preparation of the collection of plants is beginning to give children much earlier. In order for the baby to be interested in considering herbarium for kindergarten, we suggest you to arrange it in a very interesting technique - Sleepings.
The sheets of the sheet can be made on a salt dough, plaster. In the first case, the dough is mixed on the basic recipe: mix the shallow salt and flour in equal proportions, carefully tighten the water until the plastic mass is obtained.
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Roll small medallions from the dough. Put the leaves in them with the rolling pin with the veins. Push the dough drying, after which you remove the leaf and color the ottis surface.
The second version of the cast is made of plaster. This technique is not so complicated, but the result will be a beautiful and durable picture. To make it, you will need:
- plastic bag;
- Plastic plate;
- Plasticine (you can old);
- Gypsum, water;
- collected leaves;
- paint.
The process is very simple, the photo instruction will allow you to see it in detail.
Please note that the impression should be drawn to you.
Fill and leave until complete drying.
We take out plasticine.
Strike, cover with varnish.
Such a panel will take a worthy place in the interior and will become a real pride of the kid.
Video on the topic
We invite you to see a selection of videos from which you learn how to make herbarium with your own hands.