To date, country houses are built mainly in several floors, so the question of the construction of the stairs arises. The design can be made of various materials, according to traditional or modern motivations. Popular material for the construction is a tree. Wooden staircase made with your own hands, looks beautiful and rich, while it will cost relatively inexpensively.
general information
To know how to make a staircase with your own hands, it is important to learn the types and configuration options, perform the correct preparation of materials. Following step-by-step instructions, you can collect a solid staircase, taking the experience for further work related to home improvement.
It is important to determine the following parameters:
- inter-storey height;
- The level of permissible load;
- The Method of Free Square, which can be allocated under the stairs;
- components (type of fencing, steps, their width and height).
The appearance of the design may be the most diverse. It all depends on the individual preferences and fantasies of the owners.
The main elements of the stairs
The staircase has a number of components, some of which are mandatory, others - auxiliary and can be used as an exquisite decor or for additional convenience:
- Stages. Fold from the horizontal and vertical parts, which are called the riser and coming. The risers act as a support for sticking, but you can do without it.
- Support for steps. As such, a valuation can act as such, maintaining steps from the ends, or Kosur - beam, which supports the level from the bottom.
- Balaasins. It is vertically installed platforms for the railings, as a rule, are not only functional, but also decorative. There may be different forms and configurations, performed from various materials.
- Handrail. They are an important component of the fence, attached to the top of the balusne, but sometimes it can act as a separate support element (where the staircase is adjacent to the wall). It is preferable to use in homes with small children and older people.
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Choosing a staircase type
When choosing a type of staircase, you should focus on some general conditions and take into account the functional designation of structures. Next, consider what a ladder from the tree can be.Simple
Under a simple (standard) staircase is a single-handed line design consisting of railings, boosters, coming and risers. The height of such a staircase is equal to the inter-storey distance plus the thickness of the overlap. The width and massiveness of the product directly depends on the free space in the room, where installation is planned, as well as on personal preferences.
Temporary
This design is attached only to the beams of overlapping. To the floor, as a rule, it is not attached. As a support for steps, the testers are installed - two boards from formwork connects. Steps can be made of screaming wide umbered boards.
Staircase with platform
The playground is most often designed under the opening between the floors, which will increase the place. For greater convenience and functionality, the staircase is mainly building in such a way that it connects several rooms at the same time.
Choice of design type
Before the construction of the staircase from the tree, you need to think over some details of the project. Decide with the modification of the structure. Allocate marching, screws, stairs at the parodes, and, as previously already described, on the growths and cosos. Each model has some advantages and disadvantages.Movie
This is the most common option for a private house that can be easily assembled from wood. Simple design is characterized by spaciousness and ease of operation. Based on the height of the 2nd floor, direct structures are with one or two spans. Such a device is primarily used in rooms with a limited amount of free space. The stairs of this type do not require complex calculations, so they are easy to do their own.
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Types of marching stairs:
- Closed or open type. In the first case, the steps have risers, in the second - are equipped without them.
- Swivel. Such constructions in the direction of movement can be right (rotate clockwise), left (counterclockwise).
- With running steps. If there is a small turn, then instead of the site you can make a running stages.
In addition, direct marching stairs are quarter-moving, semidatory or circular. The choice is to do, based on the free space and personal preferences.
At Bolzakh
Batties are special bolts that support steps. Accordingly, the home staircase at the parodes is a facility attached to bolts. The mount is performed on the wall and the steps themselves. The design looks pretty fashionable and modern, easy and air, but the use of elements is possible not for all types of stairs.
The staircase of this type can be stretched or compact. Despite seeming ease, it has ultimate strength and reliability, can withstand significant loads.
Screw
The design of this type is complex in the installation, but one of the main advantages is the possibility of accommodating at the minimum area. Assembling the structure is possible in any section of the room, making it the basis of the composition and a beautiful interior addition. For the house where there is a second floor, mainly the construction of a screw staircase consisting of a rack and wedge-shaped steps is carried out.
Uncomfortable such a model in the event that you need to raise or lower the overall piece of furniture. It is not recommended to install it in the house where children and older people live.
On the growth
The ladder's tents are inclined beams to which steps are mounted from the inside. Elements are fixed with special tightening, which provides stiffness of the structure. The staircase on the growths can be closed or open modification. Designs of this type are considered to be a real work of art.
The only thing that should be taken into account is to build structures on the assets you need a little more space than for other models.
On Kowras
Kosomers call beams supporting steps from the bottom. In parallel running beams, a pressure is made to be laid out. The inter-storey staircase with steps laid on Kosur is considered the most accessible, convenient and safe in operation. For production, an array of such breeds, like oak, pine, ash and larch, is predominantly used.
Placing steps
Steps consist of a sticky - horizontal surface, and the riser is a vertical part. Based on the project of the stairs, the design can be without precise, which are an additional support for steps.On the growth
In this case, the design assumes the installation of the grooves in the grooves to the depth of 20-25 mm. The grooves are made by cutting, hollowing out or with a cutter. The string is connected by stretch bolts with steps (in fig. Indicated "A"). Stretching screws are located in the middle of the theetics, under delivery.
On Kowras
In terms of reliability and simplicity, structures are the most popular. Kosomers are sloping beams to which steps and fences are mounted on top. Can be located on the sides or in the center of the stairs.
Requirements for construction
There are basic requirements that should be considered when choosing a type and size of the ladder:
- The angle of inclination of the stairs in the residential premises should be within 30-45 °.
- The optimal width of the staircase march is 1000-1250 mm, the minimum is 900 mm.
- For the convenience of movement on the stairs, the height of the stage should be 15-19 cm, and the depth (width of the sticky) is 20-30 cm.
- In the presence of fencing, the height of the railing must be within 800-900 mm, and the distance between the balusters is not more than 150 mm.
It should be borne in mind that in this case the recommended values are presented. The exact dimensions are installed individually for a particular home.
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Scheme
More common models for a private house are spiral and direct marching stairs. The first is quite complicated performed, requires the right engineering calculations. It should not be focused exclusively in the schemes presented on the Internet, as it is important to take into account the specifics of the structure, features of the room, layout and a number of other factors.
For independent manufacture, the most optimal decision is considered a marching wooden staircase. In this case, details of the design can be diverse, based on personal preferences and the overall design of the room.
Sketches
A detailed sketch will show an accurate assembly of construction in the room, the convenience and ergonomics of the structure. The figure should display the type of future facilities with precise parameters.
Preparation of materials
Wooden staircases are made of oak, beech and larch. Presented array expensive, so the wood of coniferous breeds is often used. It has limited strength, easy to process and has an affordable cost.
Buying wood, it is worth paying attention to the quality of sawn timber. On the boards there should be no deformations, rotting and dropped bitch.
To install a wooden staircase, collect and prepare the following components:
- Bruks for kosomers with a thickness of at least 50 mm and width according to the parameters of the steps;
- boards for sticking, thickness 40 mm;
- Timber for approaches with a thickness of 30 mm;
- Balaasins, railing and other elements that are better not to make, but to buy already ready;
- Anchor bolts, screws and galvanized self-tapping screws used for fastening.
It is necessary to have tools that include a drill, a tree hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer, an electrolovka, a roulette, a building corner and a ruler.
Calculation of basic parameters
With independent construction of the ladder, it is important to prepare a project, according to the correct calculation, since unproprome-minded carefully will lead to the fact that the intermediate construction will be extremely uncomfortable and even dangerous.Width
The width of the stair march can vary within 1000-1500 mm. The minimum indicator is 900 mm - more suitable for screw stairs. The optimal width for the march models is 1 m, which will create a comfortable rise and descent on the stairs.
Height of stairs
The drawing up drawing should be done with the calculation of the total thickness of the inter-storey overlap and the floor of the room of the second floor. Based on this, the last step should be located on one level with it. In case the number of steps marked more than 18 pieces, mainly to make intermediate sites.Test height
The optimal height of the span or the distance between the steps and the ceiling is 2 m. This height is enough for a person easily moved, not traumating about the ceiling or upper staircase.
Steep
The appropriate option is selected, based on the specifics of the house and people, living there. Specialists are recommended to make a bias of 35-45 °, exceeding the indicator will complicate the rise on the top floor to small children and people with disabilities.
Steps
The permissible distance between the steps (or the outfit width) is 15-19 cm. The number of steps is calculated in the height of the structure. The width of the sticking should be at least 22 cm.
Length of stairs
To determine the length of the stairs, it is necessary to repel from the intended place of the beginning and the end of the staircase overlap from the 1st to the 2nd floor. The march width and the ceiling height help calculate the length of the stairs using the formula for calculating the hypothenus of the rectangular triangle. For successful installation, it is also important to calculate the slope of the stairs, which can be within 25-40 °.
Also determine the length of the march ladder can, knowing such parameters as the dimensions of the steps and their number.
On video: Ladder design errors in a wooden house.
Installation of a wooden staircase and steps
We offer step-by-step instructions, how to build a simple single-hour staircase on coury with your own hands:
1. Beams for alleged kosomers are cut down according to the length of the stairs. From the side of the lower edge, the piece is cut off, the thickness of which is equal to one sticky.
2. Before you cut the platform, you need to accurately calculate and make markup. For this you need a construction kit. When marking, one of the cathets must correspond to the height of the stage, and the second is its depth.
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3. The next stage suggests the separation of sections for marking steps. An unnecessary segment is diverted using an electrolybiz.
4. The obtained Kosur is set to its place, on the upper edge, the construction should converge with the level of the first floor of the 2nd floor, and at the bottom - close to the floor covering on the 1st floor.
5. After the first Kosor is ready, the second one needs to be done. Based on the alleged loads and the width of the structure, the staircase can consist of two, three or more cosomers.
5. Start securing the finished boosters at the top. For this, metal corners are used - holes are prepared in advance and the installation is carried out through bolts. Kosur, which is installed at the wall, is attached to a dowel or metal anchor.
6. Boards selected for the approaches are cut in accordance with the size of the latter. The billets are thoroughly polished and fastened with self-drawing to Kosomers.
7. Then they take the boards intended for coming. They are cut and carefully polished. The edge from the outside is milling for the purpose of obtaining a semicircular surface. The adoptions are fixed on the reserved places with the help of self-tapping screws.
8. At this stage, the installation of the fence is supposed. Using hairpins or wooden wickers, depressed in the holes in the steps, fix the balusters (in the latter you also need to make the appropriate holes).
9. It remains only to install the railing, or rather the handrail. To do this, the upper part of the balusin must be cut down by oblique (in the direction of the staircase march). The handrail is applied on top and fixes with the help of self-sufficiency as shown in the photo below.
On the video: an example of the manufacture of the stairs on the cososters.
Specificity of the preparation of components
For steps, segments of the board are selected without any defects. The recommended thickness is 30-40 mm. When preparing, the sharp faces of future steps are rounded to minimize the risk of injury. The facial surface and ends are required to polish. The risers in most cases act as a decorative component. They can be made from a board by 10 or 15 mm, as the elements are not bearing.
Kosomers in all parameters should be equal to each other. Otherwise, the staircase may turn out with skewers and other defects.
Nuances Installation
There are several nuances of the construction of the stairs, which should be taken into account during the work:- In most cases, the attachment of the cososov is performed on the racks. Fixation to the wall is possible if the basis is strong enough.
- If there is a staircase in the scheme of such elements as risers, their installation on the cosomes is performed first.
- The installation of steps always begins from the bottom of the structure, gradually moving up. Thus, you can do without an additional stepladder.
- To install the railing, you need to cut bales. To do this, the extreme racks are fixed with a chop thread and make marking in the upper part of the balusin. Then extra details are cut.
- The manufacture of the handrail is performed from metal or plastic, it is better to order them in the finished form. If the staircase is designed with a turn, it will be extremely difficult to make a bent rut from the tree.
Finishing stage
At the final stage, the symmetry of the structure is checked, the degree of sustainability of the compounds. A number of some activities are held:
- grinding components;
- impregnation with compositions to protect against fungus and rot;
- Wax coating or varnish based on the total design of the room.
Adhering to the scheme and step-by-step instructions, everyone will be able to make a staircase for a private house with their own hands. It is important to make the right calculations, make a preliminary drawing and pick up high-quality materials. Following the content of the article and the specified recommendations, you can get a comfortable wooden structure at the output, which will decorate the house and become an exquisite interior addition.
Production of a wooden staircase on the growths (2 video)
Different models of tree stairs (45 photos)
