Solve the problem of protection of wiring from overload and leakage currents can be able to assist a pair of devices - a protective machine and the RCD. But the same task is solved by a differential protective machine, which combines both of these devices in one case. On the correct connection of the dipavtomat and its choice and goes on speech.
Purpose, Specifications and Choice
The DIFAVTOMAT or differential protection machine combines the functions of the automatic protection and the RCD. That is, one of this device protects the wiring from overloads, short circuit and leakage current. The leakage current is formed when the isolation is malfunction or when touched into the current elements, it is still protects a person from electricity lesion.
The diffant matters are installed in electric distribution panels, most often on Dean Rake. They are put instead of a bundle machine + Uzo, physically take a little less space. How specifically - depends on the manufacturer and type of execution. And this is their main plus, which can be in demand when upgrading the network, when the place in the shield is limited, and it is necessary to connect a number of new lines.
Diffattomati serve to protect wiring from elevated loads and man from electric shock
The second positive moment is saving funds. As a rule, the rattomat is less than a pair of automatic + Uzo with similar characteristics. Another positive moment - it is necessary to determine only with the rating of the automatic protection, and the Uzo is embedded by default with the required characteristics.
Disadvantages There are also: when going out and building one of the parts of the diphtomatat, all the device will have to change, and this is more expensive. Also, not all models are equipped with flags for which it is possible to determine for what reason the device worked - due to overload or leakage current - which is fundamentally important when clarifying reasons.
Characteristics and selection
Since the DIFAVTOMAT combines two devices in itself, it has the characteristics of them both and when choosing should be taken into account all. We will understand what the characteristics indicate and how to choose a differential automatic.
Designation of diffanttomates in diagrams
Rated current
This is the maximum current that can withstand the automatic without loss of performance. It is usually indicated on the front panel. Nominal currents are standardized and can be 6 A, 10 A, 16 A, 20 A, 25 A, 32 A, 40 A, 50 A, 63A.
Four-Pole DiffAwtomat for Connection Online 380 V
Small denominations - 10 A and 16 A - put on lighting lines, average - on powerful consumers and socket groups, and powerful - 40 A and higher - mainly used as an introductory (general) diphawtomat. It is selected depending on the cable cross section, as well as when choosing a nominal protection machine.
Time-current characteristic or type of electromagnetic release
It is displayed next to the face value, denoted by Latin letters B, C, D. Indicates which overloads relative to the nominal disabling the machine (to ignore short-term starting currents).
Diffalomatom and its time-current characteristic
Category B - If the current is exceeded 3-5 times, C - when the nominal value of 5-10 times is exceeded, the type D is turned off when loads that exceed the nominal 10-20 times. The apartments usually put DIFAVTOMATS TYPE C, in the countryside, you can put B, in enterprises with powerful equipment and large starting currents - D.
Nominal voltage and network frequency
For which networks are designed by the device - 220 V and 380 V, with a frequency of 50 Hz. There are no others in our trading network, but still, it is worth checking out.
Voltage and frequency on which the differential protection automatic
Differential automata can have double marking - 230/400 V. This suggests that this device can operate and on the network by 220 V and 380 V. In three-phase networks, such devices put on sockets or on individual consumers, where used where used Only one of the phases.
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As aquatic diffusion matters, devices with four inputs are needed for three-phase networks, and they differ significantly by dimensions. It is impossible to confuse them.
Nominal disconnecting differential current or leakage current (setpoint)
Displays the sensitivity of the device to the leakage currents formed and shows under what conditions the protection will work. Only two denominations are used in everyday life: 10 mA for installation on the lines, in which only one powerful device or consumer is installed, which combines two dangerous factor - electricity and water (flow or accumulative electric water heater, cooking surface, oven, dishwasher and etc.).
For lines with a group of sockets and outdoor lighting, diffant matters with a current of leakage of 30 mA, on the line of illumination inside the house they are not usually put - to save them.
Current leakage or setpoint on the hot machine
On the device can be written simply a value in milliamperes (as in the photo on the left) or an alphabent setpoint current may be applied (in the photo on the right), after which the numbers are in amperes (at 10 mA it costs 0.01 A, at 30 mA of the figure 0 03 a).
Differential protection class
Shows what type of leakage currents is protected by this device. There is a letter and graphic image. Typically put the icon, but maybe the letter (see the table).
| Letter notation | Graphic designation | Decoding | Application area |
|---|---|---|---|
| AC |
| Reacts to variable sinusoidal current | Put on the line to which a simple technique is connected without electronic control |
| BUT |
| Reacts to sinusoidal alternating current and pulsing permanent | Applied on lines from which electronically controlled technique is powered |
| IN |
| Collects variable, pulse, permanent and smoothed permanent. | Mainly applied to production with a large number of diverse technology. |
| S. | With shutter time 200-300 ms | In difficult schemes | |
| G. | With a shutter time of shutdown60-80 ms | In difficult schemes |
The choice of the differential protection class of the DIFAVTOMATA occurs based on the type of load. If this is a microprocessor technique, a class A is needed, on the lighting line or power on, the AC class is suitable. The class in private houses and apartments rarely rarely - there is no need to "catch" all types of leakage currents. Connecting the DIFAVTOMA class S and G makes sense in multi-level protection schemes. They are put as input if there are other differential disconnection devices in the circuit. In this case, when one of the understanding leaks is triggered, the input will not turn off and the service lines will be in operation.
Nominal disconnecting ability
It shows which current is in the state of the DIFAVTOMAT to turn off when the KZ occurs and remain at the same time workable. There are several standard denominations: 3000 A, 4500 A, 6000 A, 10,000 A.
Disconnecting the ability of DIFAVTOMATA
The selection of the rattomatat on this parameter depends on the type of network and from the location of the substation. In apartments and homes on sufficient removal from the substation, diffant matters with a disconnecting ability of 6,000 A are used, close to substations are 10,000 A. in rural areas, when supplying air power supply and in long-not upgraded networks is enough 4,500 A.
On the case, this number is indicated in the square frame. An inscription location can be different - depends on the manufacturer.
Class of toocographer
So that the short circuit current accepted the maximum value must pass for a while. The faster the power supply from the damaged line will be turned off, the less less likely to obtain damage. The class of current program is displayed in numbers from 1 to 3. The third class - turns off the line faster than everything. So the choice of the rattomate on this feature is simple - it is advisable to use the third-class devices, but they are expensive, but remain working longer. So if you have a financial opportunity, put the rats of this class.
Clamping DiffaVatomata
On the case, this characteristic is depicted in a small square frame next to the nominal disconnecting ability. It can stand on the right (Legranda) or below (most of other manufacturers). If you have not found such a mark on the housing, nor in the passport, then this machine does not have a beograposition.
Temperature Mode Use
Most differential protective automata are designed to work in the premises. They can be operated at temperatures from -5 ° C to + 35 ° C. In this case, they do not put anything on the housing.
Designation of increased frost resistance of the dipaptime
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Sometimes the shields are on the street and ordinary protective devices will not fit. For such cases, diffanttomates are produced with a wider range of temperatures - from -25 ° C to + 40 ° C. In this case, the housing is put a special sign that is a little bit like an asterisk.
Availability of markers about the cause of work
Favtomatomats not all electricians love to put, as they believe that the bunch of a protective automatic machine + UZO is more reliable. The second reason is if the device works, it is impossible to determine what caused the reason - overload, and it is necessary to simply turn off some kind of device, or the leakage current, and you need to search where and what happened.
To solve at least the second problem, manufacturers began to make flags that show the cause of the fraction of the rattomate. In some models, this is a small platform, by the position of which the reason for the disconnection is determined.
Checkbox that shows the reason for shutdown
If the disconnection caused overload, the indicator remains closed with the case, like a photo on the right. If the DIFAVTOMAT worked in the presence of a leakage current, the check box performs for a certain distance from the case.
Type of constructive design
There is a diff automata of two types: electromechanical or electronic. Electromechanical are more reliable, as they retain performance even in disappearing. That is, if a phase disappears, they will be able to work and turn off and zero. Electronic for work require nutrition, which is taken from the phase wire and when the phase is disappeared, they lose performance.Manufacturer and price
Electricity should not save, especially on devices that provide protection of wiring and life. Therefore, it is recommended to always buy components of well-known manufacturers. The leaders in the LEGRAND market (LEGRAND) and Schneider (Schneider), Hager (Hager), but their products are expensive, and there are many fakes. Not so high prices at IEK (IEX), ABB (ABB), but also there are more problems with NM. With unknown manufacturers in this case, it is better not to contact, as they are often simply inoperable.
The choice is not really like that and small, even if you limit only with these five firms. Each manufacturer has several lines, which differ in price, and significantly. To understand what the difference is, you must carefully look at the specifications. The price has the impact of each and them, so carefully study all the data before purchase.
How to connect DiffAvtomat
Let's start with the installation methods and the order of connecting the conductors. Everything is very simple, there are no special difficulties. In most cases, it is mounted on the dink. For this there are special protrusions that hold the device in place.
Mounting on DINRECA
Electrical connection
Connecting the deaftomatte to the power grid occurs with wires in isolation. The section is selected based on the nominal. Usually, the line (power supply) is connected to the upper sockets - they are signed by odd numbers, the load - to the lower - signed by even numbers. Since the phase and zero are connected to the differential machine, so as not to confuse, the latin letter N is subscribed to the "zero".
The diagram of the connection of the dipaptime is usually on the housing
In some rules, connect the line in the upper and lower sockets. An example of such a device in the photo above (left). In this case, the scheme writes the numbering through the fraction - 1/2 at the top and 2/1 below, 3/4 at the top and 4/3 below. This indicates that it does not matter from above or connecting the line.
Connection of the DIFAVTOMATA on the distribution panel
Before connecting the line from the wires, isolation is removed at about 8-10 mm from the edge. On the desired terminal, the fastening screw is slightly weakened, the conductor is inserted, the screw is tightened with a large enough effort. Then the wire jerg several times to make sure that the contact is normal.
Checking performance
After you have connected the DIFAVTOMAT, it has been powered, it is necessary to check the performance of the system and the installation is correct. To begin with, we test the aggregate itself. To do this, there is a special button signed by "Test" or simply the letter T. After the switches were transferred to the operating state, click on this button. In this case, the device must "knock out". This button artificially creates a leakage current, so we checked the performance of the dipaptime. If the work was not - it is necessary to check the correct connection if everything is true, the device is faulty
If, when you press the "T" button, the diphawtomat worked, it is operational
Further check - connecting a simple load to each outlet. By this you check the correctness of the disconnection of the socket groups. And the latter is the alternate inclusion of household appliances on which individual power lines are charged.
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Schemes
When developing the wiring scheme in an apartment or house there can be many options. They can differ convenience and reliability of operation, degree of protection. There are simple options that require a minimum cost. They are usually implemented in small networks. For example, at dachas, in small apartments with a small amount of household appliances. In most cases, you have to put a large number of devices that ensure the safety of wiring and protect against the lesion of the people.
Schemes are different levels of complexity
Simple scheme
It does not always make sense to set a large number of protective devices. For example, in the country of seasonal visits, where there are only a few sockets and lighting, it is enough to put only one rattomat at the entrance from which the consumer groups are sockets and lighting - separate lines will go through the machines.
A simple diagram of a dipaptime for a small network
This scheme does not require high costs, but when the leakage current appears on any of the lines, the diphawtomat will work, de-energized everything. Before finding out and eliminating the causes of light will not be.
More reliable defense
As already talked, individual rats put on the "wet" groups. These include the kitchen, bathroom, outdoor lighting, as well as technique using water (except washing machine). This method of building a system gives a higher degree of security and better protects wiring, equipment and person.
A more complex and reliable scheme: Connecting the dipaptomatat for each potentially dangerous device
The implementation of this method of wiring device will require large material costs, but the system will work more reliably and stable. Since with the workplace of one of the protective devices, the rest will remain operational. Such a diaphtomat is used in most apartments and in small houses.
Selective schemes
In extensive power supply networks, there is a need to make the system even more complex and expensive. In this embodiment, after the meter, the input differential automatic machine of the class S or G is set. Next, each group includes its own machine, and if necessary, it is also put on individual consumers. Connecting the DIFAVTOMATA for this case, see the photo below.
Selective DIFAVTOMA installation scheme
With such a construction of a system when one of the linear devices is worked out, all other remains in operation, since the input automatic displacement has a delay in triggering.
Basic DIFAVTOMATOM connection errors
Sometimes after connecting the dipaptime, it does not turn on or cut down when any load is connected. This means that something is done wrong. There are several typical errors that meet when assembling a shield:
- The wires of the protective zero (land) and the working zero (neutral) are somewhere combined. With such an error, the diphawtomat does not turn on at all - the levers are not fixed in the upper position. We will have to look for where "Earth" and "Zero" are combined or confused.
- Sometimes, when the DIFAVTOMATAATM is connected to the load or below, the arranged machines are taken not from the device output, but directly from the zero tire. In this case, the switches become in the working position, but when trying to connect the load, they are instantly disconnected.
- From the output of the rattomate, zero is not fed up for a load, but goes back to the tire. Zero on the load is also taken from the tire. In this case, the switches become in the working position, but the "Test" button does not work and when trying to turn on the load, it turns off.
- Rebuttered zero connection. From the zero tire, the wire should go to the appropriate input indicated by the letter n, which is at the top, and not down. With the bottom zero terminal, the wire must go to the load. Symptoms are similar: Roots are turned on, "Test" does not work, when the load is connected, it turns out.
- In the presence of two rattomates in the diagram, zero wires are confused. With such an error, both devices are turned on, "test" works on both devices, but when you turn on any load, both machines are knocked out.
- In the presence of two raids, the zeros come from them somewhere further connected. In this case, both machines are placed, but when you click on the "Test" button, two devices will be cut down at once. A similar situation occurs when any load is turned on.
Now you can not only choose and connect a differential protection automatic machine, but also understand why he knocks out that it is not that it comes and independently correct the situation.