Ribbon Foundation The most common type of foundation
For the construction of the house. Therefore, everything is clear with him, but what is different from him
small-breeding (MZLF) - the foundation of small downstream, how to calculate and how
do it?
Fine breeding belt foundation (small embedding) MZLF
Characteristics - Constructive principle of operation
Small-breeding belt foundation or just MZLFThe laying method is similar to its fellow, however, has important differences:
- the depth of the foundation laying up to 700 mm;
- Located above the soil freezing zone;
- Designed for arrangement on scattered (bunched)
Soils.
The main feature of a small-breeding belt foundation
lies in the fact that it gives the opportunity to level frosty
Soil. This is due to the fact that despite the overall rigidity of the MZLF design,
Together with the weight of the whole structure, moves up and down depending on time
of the year. Since the foundation is deepened not much, but shifting uniformly, then
Consequently, it does not destroy from such oscillations.
Diagram of a fine-breeding tape foundation
Fine breeding ribbon foundation - scheme
- Sand-gravel pillow
- Foundation tape
- Layer of waterproofing
- Vertical (or coating) waterproofing
- Armature (diameter 12)
- Armature (diameter 8)
- Cocol
- Wall
Where can I use - Application
Ribbon fine-breeding foundation is suitable forconstruction of low-storey residential buildings and other structures from those materials
Which will not create significant pressure on the sole of the foundation. To such
Constructions and materials include:
- log cabins;
- Cellic concrete - foam concrete, gas-silicate blocks;
- Lightweight brickwork;
- Frame-panel buildings.
When arranging the foundation of a greater width on it, it is possible to build heavy houses from a bar or logs. But in this case, the ground will freeze to a smaller depth and is the likelihood of deformation of the foundation. Thus, if the construction of a monumental building is planned - it is better to equip a ribbon monolithic foundation.
It should be aware that the increase in the ribbon width
small-breeding foundations makes it possible to build heavier
houses with attic. Big width of the foundation tape (respectively, and basement)
It helps to reduce the depth of the fruit of the soil in space under the floor.
What should be taken into account when the foundation is the foundation of a small blowjob
- Type of soil
Small-breeded foundations on bubbly
Soils
It is forbidden to fill MZLF on biogenic organic soils,
for example, peat, sapropelny (deposits of freshwater reservoirs), as well as on
clay. The photo shows that their appearance does not promise anything good.
Type of soil
- Underground water level
The closer the water is to the surface of the earth, the more unstable MZLF will be
Small-brewed belt foundation - Table underground water level
- Load for foundation
- Delta of height
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If the terrain is characterized by a significant drop
Heights (house on the slope), then the device of a small-breeding belt foundation
It is quite problematic. In this case, the usual
Ribbon foundation or lines a significant area under MZLF. From the point
Vision of time and cash costs - both options are equivalent.
- Shining depth
It is a height from the bottom point of the foundation,
So-called soles - to zero marks (earth surface).
- Climate (soil freezing depth)
Quite common among builders bookmark
small-breeding belt foundation at an altitude, which is calculated by
The formula is the depth of freezing minus 20%. So you can be sure that
The foundation will rise together with the structure.
Minimal depth of fine breeding belt foundation
Snip II-B.1-62 is regulated.
Depth of fine-breeding ribbon foundation SNiP - Table
Depth of the primer of the soil for some cities of Russia
shown in the table.
Depth of the primer of the soil for cities of Russia - Table
You can also use the calculator for calculating the depth
Ground freezing.
How to calculate the load on the ribbon small-breeding foundation
First of all, you should consider:- structural features of the structure;
- building height;
- planned number of floors;
- materials from which walls will be erected;
- the weight of coatings;
Council.
In general, all loads can be divided into permanent
(calculated before the construction) and variable. The latter depends on
number of inhabitants, furniture weights, etc.
- Trench depth;
- pillow thickness;
- Foundation tape parameters;
- The quality of concrete.
You can additionally use the calculator for calculating the foundation
Calculation of fine-breeding belt foundation
1. The depth is caused by the proximity of groundwater and
Merging depth.
2. Height above the surface of the soil = 4x width.
Good to know. Height above the ground is less or equal to depth.
3. Width is determined by the formula:
Where, D - the width of the foundation sole;
q is the calculated load on the foundation, t / m;
R is the calculated resistance of the soil, t / mkv. This indicator,
For the depth of the attachment of 300 mm, is shown in the table.
Formula Pillow thickness4. The thickness of the pillow is determined from the strength conditions of the ground of the terrain.
For strongly bunched soils, the formula is applied:
Formula for highly bunched primer, tn - pillow thickness;
A, C, W - coefficients;
And C - are determined by the tables below.
And w = 0.1 or 0.06 m.kv. / t for heated and not
Heated structures.
Above the line - for the MZLF of the depth of 300 mm, under the line
- For unfolotable foundations.
Above the line - for the MZLF of the depth of 300 mm, under the line
- For unfolotable foundations.
Council.
Make the calculation of MZLF on both formulas and give
Preference to greater value.
The cost of fine-breeding belt foundation
Varies within 4-6 thousand rubles. For the temporon meter. PriceDepends on the width, height, the number of jumpers and sizes, for example, the cost
The construction of the foundation of the house 6x6 will cost 70-80.000 rubles. and 10x10 =
120-150.000 rub.
Types of fine breeding belt foundation (small embedding)
Depending on the type of MZLF, its technology will differ
Devices. Therefore, it should be briefly familiar with the main one of them:
Ribbon monolithic small-breeding foundation
Poured directly at the construction site, in
resulting seamless tape
Ribbon block fine-breeding foundation
Blocks are bought in finished form, or manufactured
Separately, and on the construction site only collected. As a fastener
A cement solution is used.
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Ribbon block small-breeding foundation - scheme
Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. But, B.
Overall, the service life is three times less than the first. Therefore, B.
This article we will dwell in detail on this form as the monolithic MZLF.
MZLF technology or how to make fine-breeding tape
Foundation with your own handsThe instruction is perceived easier if all the work is broken on
Clear stages. Let's not retreat from this scheme. So, the device is tape
Fine-breed foundation are as follows:
Preparatory stage
We assume that before this stage you made a project at home,
decided on the quality of the soil and the type of foundation, and also took into account all the above
above.
1. The place where it is planned to fill the foundation is released
from all too much.
Cover. Trees that are nearby, come up with roots.
2. The workplace delivers all the necessary material and
tool. Moreover, it is desirable to immediately determine the location of the dislocation of all this
Good, then not to spend time on his search.
Marking for a belt foundation
The importance of this stage is difficult to overestimate. Therefore, it is necessary
Only "Frequency" where you will dig a trench, but also to make landmarks with
Ropes (if possible, the laser level will be better).
How to make markup under the foundation:
- Perimeter measurements;
- score beacons at the corners;
- check the diagonal between the corners;
- If necessary, move beacons;
- make a break at a distance of at least a meter from the beacons;
- On the boards of the scene to consolidate the rope that will be
Show edges of the foundation.
A more clear markup process is shown in the diagram
Marking for a ribbon foundation - scheme
How to dig a trench for the foundation
The trench for the foundation for the foundation is a strip of removed soil.
The depth of the trench is determined by the depth of the fine-breeding belt basement and
Pillows.
The slopes of the trench for the fundamentar example, the most common depth is 300 mm, the thickness of the pillow is depending on the quality of the soil of about 200 mm. Then the depth of the trench will be 500 mm.
Cover.
To the edges of the trench do not appear to do small slopes.
Given the type of soil better to fill the foundation
immediately. Otherwise, it causals, and some of the work will have to repeat.
Pillow under belt foundation
The sandy pillow under the foundation is a mixture of sand and
Crushed stone. They can be mixed, but it is easier to pour in layers. Each layer wet
Water and good tamper. Since the pillow structure is sufficient
Porous, it is separated from the main foundation with a waterproofing film.
In principle, the base for the belt foundation
small grinding can serve as a natural soil, but its bearing ability
Much below the proposed sand-gravel pillow.
Pillow under belt foundation
Formwork under the belt foundation
Install the whole formwork design vertically. REDACK
Fasten with increments of 500-600 mm. They are needed in order to under the weight of the concrete formwork
Not falling apart and did not twist.
Folding for a tape fundamental advice.
Try to make the boards to eat tightly and without sharp drops. Then you will avoid working on equalizing the surface of the finished foundation for lining.
Filling of belt foundation
Getting concrete question individual - you can buy (or ratherOrder) and concrete will be delivered to a mixer or make independently, and
By using self-made concrete mixer (and the second option, how to make a concrete mixer from a washing machine).
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As for the fill of concrete, the procedure is standard for such works - concrete is poured into the finished formwork.
Cover. If the formwork is poured with water concrete will go to an even more than the edges.
Pouring concrete Try to beat it every 40-50 mm.
Heights. This will allow you to "expel" air bubbles that may in the future
To destroy concrete.
Reinforcement of fine-breeding belt foundation
If a strong load is not assumed for the foundation - this
Stage can be skipped. But still, with the reinforcement MZLF will be much stronger.
We recommend useful additional material - fittings for foundation (characteristics, species, calculation)
Proper reinforcement of a ribbon foundation of small embedding:
- Pour the starting layer. This layer should be about 30
% of the general height of MZLF. The purpose of this action is to create a smooth surface for
Metal laying, as well as protect it from moisture.
- Band assembly for a tape foundation. For this you need
Tie it into blocks and put in a trench.
- Pour concrete to the desired height.
Example of the reinforcement frame for a belt foundation
Armature versorates versatility wire versatility wire.
The example shows that the bundle is performed. it
Relatively new approach to the connection, because more familiar - contact
welding.
But methods for connecting reinforcement welding have several significant drawbacks, including:
- require the presence of a welding machine and a specialist who can
perform welding work;
- Due to the high temperature of the welding arc, the strength is lost
hardened reinforcement rod;
- Welding works are not applicable for reinforcement with a diameter of more
20 mm;
- The most important thing is to increase the rigidity of Armokarkas. Insofar as
The small-breeding belt foundation "plays" depending on the season (being a kind of flexible foundation) -
Increased rigidity will result in its destruction. And as a result, the foundation is required or a complete replacement.
Laying of reinforcement for fine-breed foundation will look laid fittings
Protection of concrete
To avoid cutting and forming cracks, concrete flooded into the formwork is covered with a film andPeriodically moistened with water.
Insulation of fine-breeding belt foundation
- Immediately after the foundation scored the desired strength,
Start the construction of the house should be started. Try to do all work in one
season. Because the ground under the foundation is freezed, and MZLF, not attached
Weight at home - deformed.
- If you can't start the construction to cover MZLF and
Territory near it (200-300 mm) straw or sawdust. To protect the primer
From freezing.
- During the operation of the building, try to start
near a small-breeding belt foundation perennial plants and
Shrubs. They will help reduce the depth of the soil freezing. As well as
will be able to detain a significant amount of snow, which will also reduce the depth
freezing.
Fine breeding ribbon foundation video
Conclusion
In this article we figured out how to make a small breed
Ribbon foundation with your own hands. Having understood in detail with each of the stage, you
You can prevent annoying misses and pour the foundation on which your home
There is not one decade. Most importantly, do not forget that before
proceed to construction order geological research, otherwise
case, there is a risk that the soil is not intended for the device
MZLF.