How to make a small-brewed belt foundation with your own hands. Construction and calculation of the foundations of small embedding for the house

Ribbon Foundation The most common type of foundation

For the construction of the house. Therefore, everything is clear with him, but what is different from him

small-breeding (MZLF) - the foundation of small downstream, how to calculate and how

do it?

Fine breeding belt foundation (small embedding) MZLF

Characteristics - Constructive principle of operation

Small-breeding belt foundation or just MZLF

The laying method is similar to its fellow, however, has important differences:

• the depth of the foundation laying up to 700 mm;
• Located above the soil freezing zone;
• Designed for arrangement on scattered (bunched)

  Soils.

The main feature of a small-breeding belt foundation

lies in the fact that it gives the opportunity to level frosty

Soil. This is due to the fact that despite the overall rigidity of the MZLF design,

Together with the weight of the whole structure, moves up and down depending on time

of the year. Since the foundation is deepened not much, but shifting uniformly, then

Consequently, it does not destroy from such oscillations.

Diagram of a fine-breeding tape foundation

Fine breeding ribbon foundation - scheme

1. Sand-gravel pillow
2. Foundation tape
3. Layer of waterproofing
4. Vertical (or coating) waterproofing
5. Armature (diameter 12)
6. Armature (diameter 8)
7. Cocol
8. Wall

Where can I use - Application

Ribbon fine-breeding foundation is suitable for

construction of low-storey residential buildings and other structures from those materials

Which will not create significant pressure on the sole of the foundation. To such

Constructions and materials include:

• log cabins;
• Cellic concrete - foam concrete, gas-silicate blocks;
• Lightweight brickwork;
• Frame-panel buildings.

When arranging the foundation of a greater width on it, it is possible to build heavy houses from a bar or logs. But in this case, the ground will freeze to a smaller depth and is the likelihood of deformation of the foundation. Thus, if the construction of a monumental building is planned - it is better to equip a ribbon monolithic foundation.

It should be aware that the increase in the ribbon width

small-breeding foundations makes it possible to build heavier

houses with attic. Big width of the foundation tape (respectively, and basement)

It helps to reduce the depth of the fruit of the soil in space under the floor.

What should be taken into account when the foundation is the foundation of a small blowjob

• Type of soil

Small-breeded foundations on bubbly

Soils

It is forbidden to fill MZLF on biogenic organic soils,

for example, peat, sapropelny (deposits of freshwater reservoirs), as well as on

clay. The photo shows that their appearance does not promise anything good.

Type of soil

• Underground water level

The closer the water is to the surface of the earth, the more unstable MZLF will be

Small-brewed belt foundation - Table underground water level

• Load for foundation
• Delta of height

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If the terrain is characterized by a significant drop

Heights (house on the slope), then the device of a small-breeding belt foundation

It is quite problematic. In this case, the usual

Ribbon foundation or lines a significant area under MZLF. From the point

Vision of time and cash costs - both options are equivalent.

• Shining depth

It is a height from the bottom point of the foundation,

So-called soles - to zero marks (earth surface).

• Climate (soil freezing depth)

Quite common among builders bookmark

small-breeding belt foundation at an altitude, which is calculated by

The formula is the depth of freezing minus 20%. So you can be sure that

The foundation will rise together with the structure.

Minimal depth of fine breeding belt foundation

Snip II-B.1-62 is regulated.

Depth of fine-breeding ribbon foundation SNiP - Table

Depth of the primer of the soil for some cities of Russia

shown in the table.

Depth of the primer of the soil for cities of Russia - Table

You can also use the calculator for calculating the depth

Ground freezing.

How to calculate the load on the ribbon small-breeding foundation

First of all, you should consider:

• structural features of the structure;
• building height;
• planned number of floors;
• materials from which walls will be erected;
• the weight of coatings;

Council.

In general, all loads can be divided into permanent

(calculated before the construction) and variable. The latter depends on

number of inhabitants, furniture weights, etc.

• Trench depth;
• pillow thickness;
• Foundation tape parameters;
• The quality of concrete.

You can additionally use the calculator for calculating the foundation

Calculation of fine-breeding belt foundation

1. The depth is caused by the proximity of groundwater and

Merging depth.

2. Height above the surface of the soil = 4x width.

Good to know. Height above the ground is less or equal to depth.

3. Width is determined by the formula:

Where, D - the width of the foundation sole;

q is the calculated load on the foundation, t / m;

R is the calculated resistance of the soil, t / mkv. This indicator,

For the depth of the attachment of 300 mm, is shown in the table.

Formula Pillow thickness4. The thickness of the pillow is determined from the strength conditions of the ground of the terrain.

For strongly bunched soils, the formula is applied:

Formula for highly bunched primer, tn - pillow thickness;

A, C, W - coefficients;

And C - are determined by the tables below.

And w = 0.1 or 0.06 m.kv. / t for heated and not

Heated structures.

Above the line - for the MZLF of the depth of 300 mm, under the line

- For unfolotable foundations.

Above the line - for the MZLF of the depth of 300 mm, under the line

- For unfolotable foundations.

Council.

Make the calculation of MZLF on both formulas and give

Preference to greater value.

The cost of fine-breeding belt foundation

Varies within 4-6 thousand rubles. For the temporon meter. Price

Depends on the width, height, the number of jumpers and sizes, for example, the cost

The construction of the foundation of the house 6x6 will cost 70-80.000 rubles. and 10x10 =

120-150.000 rub.

Types of fine breeding belt foundation (small embedding)

Depending on the type of MZLF, its technology will differ

Devices. Therefore, it should be briefly familiar with the main one of them:

Ribbon monolithic small-breeding foundation

Poured directly at the construction site, in

resulting seamless tape

Ribbon block fine-breeding foundation

Blocks are bought in finished form, or manufactured

Separately, and on the construction site only collected. As a fastener

A cement solution is used.

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Ribbon block small-breeding foundation - scheme

Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. But, B.

Overall, the service life is three times less than the first. Therefore, B.

This article we will dwell in detail on this form as the monolithic MZLF.

MZLF technology or how to make fine-breeding tape

Foundation with your own hands

The instruction is perceived easier if all the work is broken on

Clear stages. Let's not retreat from this scheme. So, the device is tape

Fine-breed foundation are as follows:

Preparatory stage

We assume that before this stage you made a project at home,

decided on the quality of the soil and the type of foundation, and also took into account all the above

above.

1. The place where it is planned to fill the foundation is released

from all too much.

Cover. Trees that are nearby, come up with roots.

2. The workplace delivers all the necessary material and

tool. Moreover, it is desirable to immediately determine the location of the dislocation of all this

Good, then not to spend time on his search.

Marking for a belt foundation

The importance of this stage is difficult to overestimate. Therefore, it is necessary

Only "Frequency" where you will dig a trench, but also to make landmarks with

Ropes (if possible, the laser level will be better).

How to make markup under the foundation:

1. Perimeter measurements;
2. score beacons at the corners;
3. check the diagonal between the corners;
4. If necessary, move beacons;
5. make a break at a distance of at least a meter from the beacons;
6. On the boards of the scene to consolidate the rope that will be

   Show edges of the foundation.

A more clear markup process is shown in the diagram

Marking for a ribbon foundation - scheme

How to dig a trench for the foundation

The trench for the foundation for the foundation is a strip of removed soil.

The depth of the trench is determined by the depth of the fine-breeding belt basement and

Pillows.

The slopes of the trench for the fundamentar example, the most common depth is 300 mm, the thickness of the pillow is depending on the quality of the soil of about 200 mm. Then the depth of the trench will be 500 mm.

Cover.

To the edges of the trench do not appear to do small slopes.

Given the type of soil better to fill the foundation

immediately. Otherwise, it causals, and some of the work will have to repeat.

Pillow under belt foundation

The sandy pillow under the foundation is a mixture of sand and

Crushed stone. They can be mixed, but it is easier to pour in layers. Each layer wet

Water and good tamper. Since the pillow structure is sufficient

Porous, it is separated from the main foundation with a waterproofing film.

In principle, the base for the belt foundation

small grinding can serve as a natural soil, but its bearing ability

Much below the proposed sand-gravel pillow.

Pillow under belt foundation

Formwork under the belt foundation

Install the whole formwork design vertically. REDACK

Fasten with increments of 500-600 mm. They are needed in order to under the weight of the concrete formwork

Not falling apart and did not twist.

Folding for a tape fundamental advice.

Try to make the boards to eat tightly and without sharp drops. Then you will avoid working on equalizing the surface of the finished foundation for lining.

Filling of belt foundation

Getting concrete question individual - you can buy (or rather

Order) and concrete will be delivered to a mixer or make independently, and

By using self-made concrete mixer (and the second option, how to make a concrete mixer from a washing machine).

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As for the fill of concrete, the procedure is standard for such works - concrete is poured into the finished formwork.

Cover. If the formwork is poured with water concrete will go to an even more than the edges.

Pouring concrete Try to beat it every 40-50 mm.

Heights. This will allow you to "expel" air bubbles that may in the future

To destroy concrete.

Reinforcement of fine-breeding belt foundation

If a strong load is not assumed for the foundation - this

Stage can be skipped. But still, with the reinforcement MZLF will be much stronger.

We recommend useful additional material - fittings for foundation (characteristics, species, calculation)

Proper reinforcement of a ribbon foundation of small embedding:

• Pour the starting layer. This layer should be about 30

  % of the general height of MZLF. The purpose of this action is to create a smooth surface for

  Metal laying, as well as protect it from moisture.

• Band assembly for a tape foundation. For this you need

  Tie it into blocks and put in a trench.

• Pour concrete to the desired height.

Example of the reinforcement frame for a belt foundation

Armature versorates versatility wire versatility wire.

The example shows that the bundle is performed. it

Relatively new approach to the connection, because more familiar - contact

welding.

But methods for connecting reinforcement welding have several significant drawbacks, including:

1. require the presence of a welding machine and a specialist who can

   perform welding work;

2. Due to the high temperature of the welding arc, the strength is lost

   hardened reinforcement rod;

3. Welding works are not applicable for reinforcement with a diameter of more

   20 mm;

4. The most important thing is to increase the rigidity of Armokarkas. Insofar as

   The small-breeding belt foundation "plays" depending on the season (being a kind of flexible foundation) -

   Increased rigidity will result in its destruction. And as a result, the foundation is required or a complete replacement.

Laying of reinforcement for fine-breed foundation will look laid fittings

Protection of concrete

To avoid cutting and forming cracks, concrete flooded into the formwork is covered with a film and

Periodically moistened with water.

Insulation of fine-breeding belt foundation

• Immediately after the foundation scored the desired strength,

  Start the construction of the house should be started. Try to do all work in one

  season. Because the ground under the foundation is freezed, and MZLF, not attached

  Weight at home - deformed.

• If you can't start the construction to cover MZLF and

  Territory near it (200-300 mm) straw or sawdust. To protect the primer

  From freezing.

• During the operation of the building, try to start

  near a small-breeding belt foundation perennial plants and

  Shrubs. They will help reduce the depth of the soil freezing. As well as

  will be able to detain a significant amount of snow, which will also reduce the depth

  freezing.

Fine breeding ribbon foundation video

Conclusion

In this article we figured out how to make a small breed

Ribbon foundation with your own hands. Having understood in detail with each of the stage, you

You can prevent annoying misses and pour the foundation on which your home

There is not one decade. Most importantly, do not forget that before

proceed to construction order geological research, otherwise

case, there is a risk that the soil is not intended for the device

MZLF.