How to put a porcelain stoneware + photo in the interior

Many whether there are finishing materials that are beautiful, not afraid of water, frost, heat, temperature drops, resistant to mechanical load, not fading, lungs in care. It seems, not so much. One of them is a porcelain stoneware. Such a combination of qualities contributes to the high popularity of the material - it is used in the outer and interior decoration. A complex system of outdoor fastening does not make it possible to do it on its own, but laying a porcelain stoneware on the floor or wall indoors is the task of medium complexity and can be done with your own hands, without attracting specialists.

Beautiful, solid, reliably

Types of Ceramographic

We received the most widespread polished porcelain stoneware, is still matte and half-polished. But this is not all kinds of this material. There are some more interesting variations that few people know about. We will deal with all the species and their main characteristics.

Polished and semi-polished (distinguished by polishing and gloss). This species has the most spectacular look. And, although it is more expensive than other types, it is used quite often. But it should be borne in mind that during operation, polishing becomes dim and over time the surface becomes matte. There is polished porcelain stoneware more disadvantage - polishing opens up closed pores. As a result, the spilled liquid absorbs, traces remain. Therefore, many manufacturers cover the tiles of gambling porcelain. If there is no such coating, it must be applied after laying. Another unpleasant moment: if liquid falls on this surface, the floor becomes very slippery.

Polished porcelain stoneware is laid without a seam, creating a feeling of monolith
Glazed. Externally, it looks like a ceramic tile, but is distinguished by increased strength. An icing was put on the tile of porcelain stoneware, then burned in the oven. If this material is used in places with a large load, the thin decorative layer wipes, the finish will lose its appearance.
Matte. These are molded plates without further processing. The surface of matte porcelain stoneware is not so effectively as from polished, but this type of finish is non-slip, even in wet state and can be used in the kitchens and in the bathrooms.

Matte can be used in wet rooms
Technical. The cheapest material from this group. Something resembles natural granite, not very decorative, but very durable. It may serve for more than ten years even in places with high mechanical load. You can use on the floor in the technical premises, on the verandas, terraces, lay out tracks on the site.
Satinized (satin). Very decorative and unusual view of this porcelain stoneware. The surface resembles satin, has a soft glitter, but does not withstand significant loads, and therefore it is used to finish the walls.

Satinized porcelain surface is very unusual
Structured. This species has a relief surface of a different type. There are just interesting reliefs, but there are imitating skin, natural stone, wood. More popular from this group of porcelain stoneware (ceramic parquet).

Structured porcelain stoneware can be different

This is also a ceramographic

Imitation of the surface of the stone is suitable for laying on the terrace or open veranda

This is an option "under the stone" for the walls

As you can see, choose from anything - for different requirements, for different tasks, interiors and premises. Each of the species is in dozens of colors and shades, a very large size range. The minimum size of the porcelain tile 5 * 5 cm, the maximum - 120 * 360 cm (this is facade). The most popular sizes for decoration of rooms 30 * 30 cm, 45 * 45 cm and 60 * 60 cm. Various and thickness - from 3 mm to 30 mm. By the way, it is worth saying that it is properly laid out porcelain stoneware (on a flat surface without voids) with a thickness of 3 mm withstands the same loads as 3 cm.

The number of porcelain stoneware is calculated: on the area, but it is still required at least, the stock is 10%. This is an insurance in case of error in measurements and trimming, which is inevitable.

What to pay attention to when choosing

Choosing a porcelain stoneware, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the appearance, but also on quality. Before making a purchase first, inspect several samples, preferably from different packs. According to external signs, you can with a high degree of accuracy to say how high-quality material is.

Measure the size of the tile. They may differ for several millimeters from the stated. If you are not going to combine them with a porcelain stoneware of another size, it may be unstable, but it is necessary to know about it. Worse, if the tiles from different packs will be of different sizes - laying the porcelain stoneware to turn into a complex task. From such a material it is better to refuse.
Look at the end of the porcelain tile. If this is not structured and not satin variety, the side surface should look as well as facial.

In addition to appearance, we draw attention to geometry
Inspect the back. Here should be formed diamonds or squares. The optimal cell size is 1.5-2 cm, the speaker height is 2-3 mm. If the squares are more than 3 cm and more, and the protrusions are high, you are low quality porcelain stoneware.
When buying, check the geometric several tiles taken from different boxes. Measure several tiles. Ideally run in size should not be. Also check, even the edges, will not be deployed / whether the surface is concave, there is no "propeller".

If all the tests are successful, the porcelain books can be taken. But there are many more points. Control so that all packs are the same size and thickness. Remove the tiles and compare shades. Often there are quite noticeable differences, which then when laying a porcelain stoneware.

Preparation of the base under the laying of porcelain

Like most finishing materials, this is placed on a flat, pure, primed surface. The best foundation is a concrete or a cement-sensitive screed. The height difference per square meter should not be more than 1 cm. If the difference is more significant, poured the leveling screed with a thickness of at least 3 cm.

Quality laying of pores is possible on an ideal level

If the differences within the permissible, the surface is first cleaned from the old coating, if it were. Climbing are close, potholes and chips. The primer is then applied (deep penetration) for better adhesion (clutch).

What to put

Since the porcelain stoneware has very low hygroscopicity, put it on the usual cement-sandy solution - vain spending time and money. Water into the surface of this material is not absorbed, and the tile is practically no longer. It is with such adhesive composition that the finish "bounces". There is almost no adhesion with a solution.

Stacking a porcelain program is better to do for special glue

For heavy facing materials make special glue with a large number of polymer additives. This composition has several adhesive ability, so even with very low hygroscopicity, the porcelain stoneware holds well. It is not worth using for laying cement-sandy solution. In this case, the likelihood is that during operation, the tiles are separated from the floor or walls. It will be necessary to remove, hollow out the solution, priming and planting porcelain stoneware already on special glue.

Laying porcelain stoneware with your own hands

Before laying it is necessary to inspect the tile. Many manufacturers at the factory cover the front side by the protective layer - technical paraffin. It prevents the appearance of scratches during transportation. Before laying paraffin, you need to delete. It is readily easily - a spatula. Then the surface is washed with soap water (with any detergent), after which the porcelain tile is dried. Watering it before laying is prohibited.

A little about the conditions in which work should be made. The minimum temperature at which you can lay a porcelain stoneware is + 5 ° C, optimal + 18-20 ° C. If it is placed on the floor heated, the heating must be turned off no later than 36 hours before the start of work, and you can only turn on after 3-4 days after the end of the styling.

Methods of laying

Cerambrants can be put on any schemes that you like. You can combine different sizes, colors, embed decorative elements.

Simple porcelain stabilization schemes

In addition to selecting the laying scheme, you need to decide on the width of the seam. It can be from 0 mm to 10 mm. Seamless styling is most often used with polished material. Then the effect of a solid surface is created. This option is at all suitable for warm floors - it does not allow to compensate for thermal expansions.

In the case of styling with seams, they are maintained using special inserts, traditionally using plastic crosses of the desired size. After setting the glue, the seams fill the special paste - rub. The color of the paste can be watched "in tone" or be contrasting.

Combining options for several colors

Installation on the floor

Further, according to the instructions, glue is divorced (do not make mistakes with volumes, as it freezes quickly). On the projected floor, the ordinary spatula is applied by a layer of glue. At times, approximately square meters are usually placed - no longer enough and the composition will begin to fit.

Thickness standing glue depends on how smooth base, from the dimensions of the tile and the properties of the glue. Therefore, it's generally difficult to speak. But according to the experience, it can be said that when laying on the perfectly smooth floor of porcelain tiles with dimensions up to 60 cm, you can take a toothed spatula 8 or 10 and distribute glue. When cutting, the actual layer is obtained 3-4 mm. This is quite enough. If you need more complete information, it can be found on the official website of the glue manufacturer.

Starting the masonry from the center of the room. To easier to navigate, on the floor, the painting cord is chopped off two lines, which in the intersection give the center. Regarding this center and is carried out in the future, moving into the same side to the walls.

In the center there may be an angle of tile (as in the photo below) or its middle - depends on the scheme. In general, to evaluate how you will look at the selected layout scheme, it is worth postponing it "dry." In addition, you can really see, whether it will be good to look at everything, and change the scheme of the layout, you will also clearly represent where what kinds are needed and when some tiles are put.

Laying is carried out relative to the center of the room.

So, laying of porcelain tiles occurs in such a sequence:

Applied glue to the floor with dimensions of about 1 sq.m.
With a gear spatula, remove the surplus, forming the relief.

Caused glue, formed relief
We take a dry tile of porcelain stoneware, put in the right place. It must be pretty pressed and move there or with a circular displacement.
Fragment put in place, crossbars insert (if styling with a seam).

Put the tile, pick up, move
Take the second, laid as well.

When laying, glue often in the seams, sometimes it hits the front surface. The fact that glue acts is good, it means there is no emptiness under the tile. But it must be immediately woozy with a damp sponge, then the dry cloth. There should not be even the slightest traces on the surface: if the glue dries down to remove it almost impossible.

Option laying porcelain stoneware

The process of installing the tile is repeated again and again until all the space is filled. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the planes so that the seams were smooth and the same thickness, and the edges of the tile were in the same plane. All this is checked by a construction bubble level. When laying a porcelain stoneware, you should remember that you can only adjust the position of the tile only for 4-5 minutes after laying the solution. Next, he capture, and you can't do anything. Therefore, check the planes and seams regularly.

When laying it is necessary to constantly control the plane

Please note that under the tile should not be emptiness, even minimal. Then the finish will stay for a long time and without problems. If there are emptiness, the porcelain stoneware can crack or bounce in this place.

Features of laying on the wall

When installing porcelain stoneware, special glue also uses the wall. The peculiarity is that the laying is starting to bottom, and from the second row. On the perimeter of the wall, the line is celebrated, where the first series of porcelain tiles will end (taking into account the seam). On this line, a wooden bar is naked (necessarily smooth) or a profile for hypostertone. On this bar will "stand" the second and subsequent ranks. It is necessary, since the weight of even one element is quite solid, and with glue it is more and more. If such a tile is simply installed on the glue, most likely, it sails - it will move down. Therefore, this support is necessary.

When laying on the wall requires a support - a bar or profile

Remove the bar after the top row is laid, and then put the first. By this time, the second row has long been "grabbed" and it will not work out, so it can be safe.

Shutkish seams

The selected paste is divorced according to the instructions that are on the package. There should be a consistency close to sour cream, maybe a little bit. Take a rubber spatula, grind a small amount of grout. The movements of the neglection in relation to the seam are applied to the paste, then the surplus is picking up, having spent the spatula along the seam.

Grouting seams of ceramographic

Having finished a piece of 1-1.5 square, the remains of the paste are rubbed with a clean damp sponge. It is necessary to remove the paste too carefully, it sticks to a little worse than glue.

How and how to cut

Porcelain stoneware is cut in special equipment with water blowing. But such a finishing floor in an apartment or house is used very rarely. Usually the thickness of the floor tile from porcelain stoneware is 4-8 mm. Very rarely take a thicker: too expensive, and the weight is decent - it is not necessary to load overlaps without necessary. Such instances can be cut with good tiles or grinders. Wheels, if you find, take special, on porcelain stoneware, if not found, you can try the disks on the stone.