The most common textile materials include a nonwoven fabric, which includes a huge variety of species. Made of one or combination of materials, the nonwoven canvas is a bonded structure of the elements. It has no knitted and woven cloths.
One of the most well-known materials of this species is geotex, which includes polypropylene fibers.
History of creation
Motherland of these materials can be considered European countries. It was there in the 1930s of the last century a geotex was obtained for the first time. The first nonwoven canvas consisted of viscose fibers bonded by chemical compounds.Subsequently, a variety of materials used as a raw material for geotex. The demand for a nonwoven canvas grew up in a moment, its properties turned out to be so unusual and useful. Depending on the type of fibers, which laid the formation of a new material, one could get a variety of properties.
In France, not only new types of machines were developed, but also upgraded the former for better types of nonwoven matter. To this day, the best features in the equipment to create such carnings are the main advantage of French machines.
To date, a lot of non-woven varieties have been developed. Now the nonwoven canvas can be used as a drainage, filter or membrane tool.
Up to the end of the 20th century, the main producers of the geotex material and the countries of Europe, the United States and Japan remained the main producers of the Geotex. But soon they were not only joined, but also began to overtake the Asian countries in the quantity and quality of production. In particular, the nonwoven fabric is now in huge quantities supplies Uzbekistan.
In our country, the nonwoven canvas was initially made only for domestic purposes and was used in the garment industry. In the 1990s, oddly enough, the rapid development of this industry began, and GOST began to actively develop and improve the norms.
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The deficiency of cotton fabrics caused such a development, and many woven materials in a variety of areas were forced to replace the needle-blurred non-woven and other similar species. So there was a need to improve this industry. There is a huge demand for a modern nonwoven fabric, which grows steadily.
Production
Geotex and other non-woven cloth in three stages are manufactured:
- Formation of the foundation. This uses a filament frame or fibrous canvas.
- Bonding basics.
- Finishing finished material.
For the formation of the canvas, a mass of natural and chemical fibers is used in different proportions. Ready fibers are mixed and cleaned. After their swinging, fibrous canvas is formed. Frames made of threads is a grid in the form of the threads parallel to each other.
Bonding basics can be three types: needle, knitted-firmware and adhesive. The needle bond is made on machines with needles. The needle, passing through the thickness of the entire layer, captures the fibers and drags them. So the interlayer bonding occurs. The knitting-firmware method is to inspect the canvas of the yarn. And finally, the nonwoven canvas produce with a glue way. In this case, the canvas are fastening with polymeric substances. Bonding is two types: wet and dry. Wet is to apply a liquid substance to canvases followed by overlaying them on each other. For dry gluing, powder, thread, film, or slope fibers are used, having a lower melting point level than bonded canvases. After applying a binder, the canvases are subject to heat treatment.
The geotextile canvas necessarily shall be finished.
Basic properties
Assessing the quality of such materials, it is necessary to proceed from the field of their application. The filter nonwoven canvas must have high strength, and good aesthetic characteristics for the photo will be useful, but not more.
Some types of matter are made high demands on density, strength, elastic elegance. And excellent external indicators, perfectly demonstrated in the photo, allow non-woven materials to successfully compete with tissues. Given the economic component, the advantage in most cases gives nonwoven canvas.
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Areas of use
Geotextile canvas is used for a variety of needs. In the clothing industry from this material, clothes are made of all sorts of destination: dresses, costumes, linen, bathrobes, coats, swimsuits, children's things . Often geotex materials are used for insulation.
Widespread use of geotextile fabric found in other spheres. Geotex is used in road construction, drainage installation, in residential building and premises. In addition, geotex can be used even to finish residential areas. For example, geotextile canvas can be seen on the involving side of the canteen and linoleums.
According to its properties, the described material largely exceeds fabric analogs. And after all, he is constantly improving. So it will not be amazing the fact that soon this matter will be necessary everywhere.