Household comfort in the understanding of each consumer of the goods of modern civilization is not only a refusal of "amenities in the yard", but also the constant presence of hot water in the water tap. Domestic realities with seasonal checks of tap and heating systems with disabling hot water from two weeks have recently forced people to warm the water on their own to wash.
Scheme of using a flow water heater.
Of course, such tedious and ineffective sanitary and hygienic procedures were not satisfied with any satisfaction. And as soon as the first water heaters began to appear on the plumbing market, the concept of "boiler" tightly entered the life of each family. Installation of a water heater in urban apartments, private houses and even in dachas gained widespread. And since the demand gives birth to an offer, various models of such devices from different manufacturers have appeared on sale.
Advantages of a flow water heater
The basic principle of the design of the water heater is both a flow (instantaneous heating of the incoming water) and the accumulative (advance heating) - determines all the remaining characteristics.
Scheme of electric flow water heater.
To date, more and more consumers after passing the accumulative type devices and the acquisition of the inconvenience experience of its use prefer an alternative flow version. It saves not only the area of the room due to its compact size, unlike the dimensions of the boiler, but also the time of its owner, which is currently very important. For example, to obtain 10 liters of hot water, the storage modification heater will work 25 minutes, 100 liters will have to wait for about 5 hours. And the flowing water heater instantly and without breaks will be given an unlimited amount of water, it is only worth turning the handle of the crane.
In addition, he does not take time on regular visits of the wizard masters, because little is subject to corrosion due to capepilation inside the design and works without maintenance. And although the electrical flow-type electric water heater consumes the peak power of energy, in general, electricity costs are less than that of a storage device in need of long-term heating time and maintaining a stable water temperature.
Designs of flowing water heater
In all devices for heating the water of the flow type, a single scheme of operation is involved: a cold water stream passes through the housing, inside of which the heating element gives the water a higher level of temperature.It is worth only to turn on the crane, and the pressure switch will automatically work in a water heater, during from 3 seconds to 2 minutes the heating element will give water to the temperature that is manually set using a special regulator.
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Inside the device is also equipped with a circuit breaker, disconnecting the electric current in case of exceeding the critical temperature level. And from water pressure drops protect the pressure stabilizer. One flowing water heater from another differs only by the type of heating element, the control system and the principle of operation.
Features of various models of flowing water heaters
Diagram of the device of the flow water heater.
- Types of heating element. This main design element can be represented as a helix (open type) or a tan (closed type). The open element is a plastic case with plastic tubes, inside of which a wire spiral is. Electric current passing by spiral, heats up the thin layer of water. Closed tans are more fireproof, since in this case the heating element is enclosed in a copper or brass flask and does not contact with water.
- Control system. In order to enable or turn off the heating of water and maintain the specified temperature, a mechanical or electronic control system is used. With a mechanical system inside the water heater, a hydraulic unit with a membrane is located, which shifts when the water is supplied and pulls out the shutdown lever through the rod. However, the hydraulics can not be reacting for a weak water pressure, and water heating will not occur. The electronic control system using microprocessors and sensors ensures the constancy of the desired water temperature at any starting temperature and any pressure, as well as itself specifies the necessary power to heat, saving electricity.
- The principle of functioning: pressure and non-valve. Inside the pressure models, water always dwells under the pressure of the water supply network. With properly selected power and installation of this water heater near the water supply riser, you can get hot water from several home cranes.
The non-valve water heater is weaker in power, it works only on one crane. The internal pressure in this device corresponds to the level of atmospheric pressure. At the inlet of the water flow to the instrument, a crane is installed to regulate the high pressure of water in the pipes, the water flow occurs at the output. It is always completed with a shower nozzle or a special mixer with an inlet tube of water into a mixer, a tube that feeds water to the heater, and a tube of connection with the mixer is the mixer.
Criteria for the choice of water heater
Scheme of the non-pressure water heater.
A large range of water flow-heating devices is presented in the market due to the various requirements of the buyer. If one water heater is needed only in the summer season (take the shower, wash the dishes), when the original temperature in the crane is quite warm in itself, the powerful and energy-efficient mechanism of 8-27 kW will be expensive. However, if desired, it is necessary to regularly use the heater for receiving the bath and in parallel to have hot water in the kitchen tap of normal pressure. Purchase of a low-power device 3.5-6 kW will be meaningless.
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When buying a water heater, pay attention to how many liters per minute can heat the device. Data on its performance (l / min) is always indicated in the instructions for the user. Comparing the performance of the water heater with the actual use of water in its apartment, the buyer can decide on the choice of its required power.
Personal water consumption is calculated by an experimental way: a bucket is substituted under the shower watering can, include water and flow, as time as it is filled. If at the volume of the bucket in 8 liters, it took a minute for its filling, water consumption is 8 l / min, for half a minute - 16 l / min. In the event of the desired operation of several cranes at the same time, it is necessary to calculate the flow of water from all points of the water pipeline.
And the required power of the water heater corresponding to the demands of the buyer is calculated using the formula P = Q × (T1 - T2) × 0.073, where the power p is equal to the channel Q in L / min multiplied by the temperature difference at the outlet and the inlet of the water heater T1 - T2 and Multipled to a constant 0.073. For example, under the amount of water in 8 l / min to obtain water in 40 degrees at the initial temperature of 7 degrees, the desired power of the device will be: p = 8 × (40-7) × 0.073 = 19,3CW.
Drawing of dry tan.
But for complete comfort, low-power single-phase (up to 12 kW) flow heaters are not suitable, but energy-intensive (12-27 kW), working on a three-phase network, withstands far from each electrical wiring. Powerful devices are not even equipped with a fork and a network cord so that their owner does not think to turn on the device into the home socket.
After choosing a suitable water heater, you need to make sure how its operation is permissible in specific household conditions of the buyer. Indeed, in old Khrushchev, only up to 3 kW / h electricity consumption per apartment is designed, so that for the installation of a flow water heater will have to change not only the home wiring, but also the wiring to the access switchboard.
Residents of modern high-rise buildings, especially those equipped with electric stoves, was lucky more: they have a cost of electricity consumption for one apartment much higher - from 10 kW / h. But even in this case, it is not recommended to simultaneously incorporate several household electrical appliances at once so that the fuse tubes do not knocked out on the electrical panel or, worse, did not happen short circuit.
Hydraulic Installation and Connection of the Water Heater
The installation of a flow-type water heating device is always started with hydraulic installation, since it is necessary to fill it with water before connecting to the electrical network and drive air stoppers.
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The installation scheme of the non-pressure flow water heater differs from the installation scheme of the pressure device with its simplicity and ease of execution, since the device is designed to work only one point of the water pipeline and it does not supply hot water to it, but only cold. Such work is even available by a non-specialist, you can perform them personally.
Diagram of domestic water heaters.
The device has directly near the shower or crane, where they will use heated water, firmly fixing it on the wall. When it is connected to a metal pipe of cold water, you only need to use a dielectric plastic sleeve included in the device kit to comply with security.
The scheme of the correct hydromontal pressure of the flow water heater involves at the inlet of the cold water the mixer or shut-off crane, connected to the body of the device with a short spiral hose, and at the outlet of the housing already heated water - only a long spiral hose attached to the shower handle. Installation of shut-off cranes on the segment of the donkey-shower leak - the scheme is incorrect and unacceptable.
When installing, it is impossible to replace the components - a shower nozzle or a special mixer - on any other, as they are specially designed to normalize the flow of water and its desired heating. At the end of the hydraulic installation, water is driven through the water heater, getting rid of air balls, and proceed to its network connection.
Watering schemes for connecting the water heater.
The circuit of the electrical connection includes the laying of a separate cable from the electrical tailor. On this line in the shield, an electro-automatic machine, corresponding to the power consumption of the heating device and the RCD for the current for the current of 30 mA, is established. For a low-power water heater, which will connect single phase to the 220 V network, the three-core cable (phase, zero, ground) is suitable. If the device needs a three-phase voltage network of 380 V, the electrical cable must be 4- or 5-core, depending on the heater model and the presence or absence of a zero terminal (five wires are 3 phase wires, grounding, zero).
The cross-sectional area of copper veins required for the maximum power of a particular instrument is calculated based on the fact that 1 kW is provided by a cross section of 0.7-1 mm² of each vein. Before connecting to ensure the reliability of the contact, the wire is preferably also to lose with the help of a soldering iron.
At the end of all the works, making sure that air traffic jams are expelled from the water heater, they include electrically automatic on the shield and use the hot water permanently present in the house.