Caring for the site near the house - vegetable garden, greenhouse, garden, lawn, flower beds - takes away the mass of time and strength, and a lot of hassle delivers watering. If you automate it and forces, and the time will leave less, and the result will be better: the water will go, yield and appearance of plants will be better. It's all about the regularity and uniformity of watering. We develop such systems specialized firms, but automatic watering can be made with their own hands.
Types of systems of autopolying
Watering in automatic mode, you can plant areas planted in any way: on the outdoor soil, in a greenhouse, even on the balcony or on the windowsill. Just scales and ways will be different. Water can be supplied in several ways:
- Sprinklers. Through special devices, water sprinkles on the surface, imitating rain. This method of automatic irrigation is most often used for lawn irrigation. The grass reacts well to surface water. Application for other plantations may be limited due to the possibility of developing diseases.
One of the methods of automatic watering of plants - splashing water
- Drip blind watering. In this case, the water is supplied to the plant disembarkation zone and is supplied with drops, sometimes with thin jets, in the location zone of the root system of the plant. This method of automatic irrigation is used for garden and berry crops, trees, shrubs, colors. It is often mounted in greenhouses, on the gardens, in flower beds. Miniature systems can be made on the balcony or for domestic flowers. Because the water is served exactly where it is necessary, such watering is called "point".
More economically spent water at drip feed
- Underground water application. Underground water supply is mainly organized on drip technology. Hoses are distinguished - they should be more durable, have a dropper feature: the composition of the material from which they are made, herbicides are introduced, which do not give the roots of plants to score output holes. In everything else, the structure is similar.
Underground water linked to drip technology, but the volume of earthworks is large
Despite the different ways to supply water, the system of automated watering itself is built equally according to the same principles. They differ in working pressure: drip water supply can work even in low-pressure sampling systems - from 0.2 atm, for sprinklers, the heads should be greater. Accordingly, the components of the irrigation system and its compound should be calculated for different working pressure. There are no other differences: the layout is the same.
Principles of construction
The schematic diagram of the automatic irrigation is briefly such. There is a source of water, a trunk pipeline is divorced from it to the area to the zones of irrigation. Next, with the help of tees, crosses, small diameter tubes and water supply devices, watering system is created. For the normal operation of the water release nodes, filters are needed on the main water supply. That's all. Everything else is particular. Even a pump or control system may be, but you can do without them
System of autopolishing with your own hands - the real task
How to organize water supply home from well or well read here.
How managed
Controlling irrigation can controller (automation unit) or man turning the crane. If the controller is installed, the system is almost fully automated: it turns on and turns off the water supply at a specified time. There are devices with a very high degree of automation - they follow the weather, soil moisture and, in accordance with these data, adjust the equipment. In the simplest version, watering automation at a specified time gives water, after a certain period of time (set in the settings) it turns off.If there is no watering controller, open the water supply and it is necessary to stop it. But that's all that will be required of you, everything else will make an irrigation system.
Water consumption and irrigation intensity
Since the flow of water through the distribution points is mainly normalized, with a fairly accurate accuracy, it is possible to determine how much time it should have been watering so that the water is not much, and not enough. If all the watering plants require the same amount of water, no difficulties arise, but it does not always happen. This is the case with the lawn, sometimes there are extensive landings of the same planting in the garden or in the garden. But more often the situation is encountered when some plants are more moisture, others are less. You can solve this problem in several ways:
- Put droppings or splashes with adjustable water consumption. With their help for each site or plants, set the required amount of moisture for one watering.
- Use multi-zone controllers. They can independently control several irrigation zones. It is convenient in the garden, in the garden or greenhouse, where there are extensive planting of plants requiring different moisture.
Sometimes it is more profitable to make two autonomous irrigation systems
- Make several independent systems. Sometimes it is more profitable than pulling from one site to another long pipeline or buy complex management.
That is why automatic watering with their own hands and can be done: you have a lot of opportunities to achieve the desired result.
Where to take water from
The water source for the automatic irrigation system can be a water supply, a capacity with injected water, a well, well, river, lake. In all cases, filters are installed on the main pipeline. Just for different sources require different equipment. If the water is swinging from an open source (river, lake), you must first put the filter with coarse cleaning, then fine. In all other (except for drinking water pipes), only equipment for fine cleaning.
Watering the site with your own hands can be made from any water source
If we are talking about automatic watering of the garden or greenhouse, then it is definitely better to pump water to the container where it is warming up, and then it is distributed over the site. For cottages and household plots there are a number of systems that work almost gravity. They need minimal pressure, which is created by lifting capacity to a height of about 1-2 meters. There are systems that can work if the container is raised by 10-40 cm above the ground (these are the drip irrigation systems, water and others, you can read about them).
With such an organization, with a water capacity - a pump for an automatic irrigation system, you can choose any. If only he could periodically pump water into the tank. The water level in the tank is most often controlled by a float mechanism (like the fact that in the toilet tank). In this case, do not forget to provide an emergency overflow and output it to some source, otherwise your site can turn into a swamp.
If a plumbing is used as a source - centralized or not, and watering is chosen drip, a gearbox is needed, down and stabilizing pressure in the system, since most of this equipment can work at a pressure not higher than 2 atm.
Automatic irrigation schemes
Variants and variations of schemes set. They are very mobile and allow us to take into account all the features of the plots and plantations. Consider the case when water is supplied from the source using the pumping station immediately for watering plants. This option of automatic irrigation is shown in the photo below.
Such a system of watering in the country can be collected in the day
Water to plants can be supplied with drops or using sprinklers. There is a node for making fertilizers. It will come in handy in the system of the car of the garden, greenhouse or garden, although for the lawn and the garden will not be superfluous. The number of irrigation lines is determined depending on the need, the pressure is calculated. Dropper or splashes are selected by the amount of water required for plants.
The scheme of the automatic irrigation system using sprinklers is shown in the photo below. These devices have several names: sprinklers and sprinklers, because of which watering is called "sprinkler".
The sprinkler system of watering is suitable for irrigation of lawn or low height plantings - up to 10-15 cm
The main difference of lawn irrigation systems is that the pipelines are more often stacked under the ground. So that the sprinkles do not interfere with the lawn haircut, they also have to hide in the ground. There are such models.
The circuit of the automatic watering of the garden, the greenhouses and the garden is shown in the figure below. Water first pumped into the container. From there, it can be supplied by gravity, if the water supply drip (it is drawn). To ensure the desired pressure, the pump or pumping station will be needed for sprinklers.
Watering system at the cottage from the tank
If a vegetable garden, a garden or a greenhouse is needed in ensuring moisture, it is possible to arrange everything as in the figure below. From the fact that the top it is characterized by the presence of a pumping station, which gives water to filters, after which the pipeline is already dispersed to the beds.
Automatic watering of the garden can be collected from components or buy ready-made sets for watering
Procedure for the development of irrigation system with their own hands
First take a plan plan on scale. If it is not ready, draw on a millimeter or a large piece in a cage. Apply all buildings, beds, large plants.Configuration development
On the plan draw watering zones, water source, its location. Along the way, draw a trunk pipeline. If you are going to spray sprinklers, draw the zones of their actions. They should be overlapped and the incolmental sites should not be.
If plantings are planted with rows, use rational drip watering: water consumption is much less, as well as the cost of equipment. When developing a circuit with drip irrigation, the number of irrigation lines depends on the distance between the rows. On the ranks, between which the distance is more than 40 cm is necessary on one line for each. If the rows are located closer than 40 cm, watering leads in a bent and lines is one less.
Development of irrigation system with their own hands
After all the plots are drawn, define with the long required pipelines, you think how many water distribution points you succeed, are determined with the equipment - the number of pipes, hoses, tees, droppers, splashes, need or not you have a pump and a gearbox, will Installed capacity or not, which automation should stand and where. Here after all this is already thought out, up to the diameters of pipes, fittings and adapters, the practical stage occurs. The irrigation system, drawn on paper begins to embody on your site.
We start to build
Next, work on construction. And the first thing you need is to determine how to lay the pipes. There are two ways: pave the pipeline on top or bury into the trench. On the ground, it is usually placed in the country: here watering seasonal and in the fall disassembled. Very rarely irrigation systems on the cottages left for the winter: even if the equipment is withstanding the winter, they can simply break it or steal.
When creating a system of automatic watering of a portion of the house of permanent accommodation, they try to do everything as imperceptible as possible, because the pipes are buried. In this case, there are no less than 30 cm trenches. This depth is enough so that the pipes are not damaged at earthworks. Just do not forget that pipes, fittings and other equipment that remains wintering should be transferred to freezing.
One of the stages of creating an automatic watering with your own hands - Land work and laying of main hoses
From the main water pipes, branches of watering are departed. All nodes and connections are advisable to do in hatches with covers: it is in connections, tees that, etc. Most often leaks occur. To roll up the entire trench to find the place of the leaks - not the most fun occupation, and if all the "problem places" are known in advance and relatively available, the service becomes an easy task.
Under the underground gasket of the main pipelines of the connection location, install in special boxes
The last stage - depending on the selected method of watering into the hoses, water distribution devices are installed, everything is connected and tested.
Accessories
The pipeline wiring on the site is made from polymer pipes. They are resistant to corrosion, do not react to most fertilizers, reliable, easy mounted (there are installation methods without any special devices). Most often use PND pipes (low pressure polyethylene). Each previously described pluses add still resistance to ultraviolet: they can be laid on the surface. PVDs (high-pressure polyethylene) are also suitable, PVC (polyvinyl chloride, but it is afraid of ultraviolet) and the PPR (polypropylene, its drawback - it is necessary to connect welding and it is impossible to disassemble).
Most often, automatic watering systems are collected with their own hands from PND pipes on compression fittings.
For automatic irrigation systems for cottages, greenhouses and gardens take mainly pipe 32 mm in diameter. If you are going to water a large number of beds, it is better to take a size one step more - up to 40 mm.
PND pipes are collected using compression fittings (with gaskets on a thread). They maintain pressure in high-rise water supply systems, so that the pressure for watering will withstand accurately. Their plus: at the end of the season, they can be promoted, everything is dismantled, and the next year to use again.
If drip irrigation is selected, drip hoses or ribbons can be connected to the highway, you can mount droppers on conventional hoses (they make a hole and insert a small device inserted there). When irrigating sprinkle, sprinklers are installed. They have a different structure and cover the zones of different shapes and size - round, sectors, rectangular.
The types and types of components for automatic irrigation are well told in the video from one of the leaders of the market for watering the German company GARDENA (Gardena). Their equipment is high-class, but also prices are very high.
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