Wooden houses at one time were greatly popular, then with the development of modern building materials, they left a little on the background. But today wooden buildings again acquire former glory. This is due to the fact that only in the house of the tree atmosphere is filled with harmony and tranquility. Finishing in such a house can be made of any material. But this is not very advisable, since the walls made of logs look much more attractive and natural than paint or wallpaper.
Scheme of inter-storey overlap in a wooden house.
But the question of the finishing of surfaces will depend only on personal taste preferences. As for the wooden overlap of the second floor, it is also performed from the beams. There can be no other option. Reinforced concrete plates are not stacked on wooden walls. In the finished form, the entire design is made of natural material - wood.
Wooden inter-storey overlap of the first floor
Wooden overlap between the first and second floor should meet some established requirements:
- The overlap design should be very strong and withstand the alleged loads from above, it is recommended to calculate the magnitude of the loads with the margin.
- Wooden overlap beams must be rigid to arrange the floor on the second floor and the ceiling on the first.
- The overlap must have the same service life, like the entire wooden house as a whole. Reliable overlap at the construction stage will ensure safety and prevent repair work.
- For the floor it is very important to equip additional heat and noise insulation.
Wooden overlap diagram with separated beams.
Wooden beams as overlapping perform all major functions, and they differ from reinforced concrete slabs with simpler styling. Human strength is quite enough, there is no need to use heavy equipment. Using beams, you can significantly reduce the overall load on the foundation. The advantages of wooden floors belongs to the low price. And with proper processing and installation, this design will serve not one dozen years.
The disadvantages of wood include such a detrimental process as rotting. In addition, the disadvantages of wood products are high flammability in the fire. In order to minimize the likelihood of such processes, it is very important to prepare beams immediately before assembly work. For overlapping it is best to use coniferous wood. In order to avoid the beam deflection, it is not recommended to make a span more than 5 m. If the span is more, it is necessary to make additional supports in the form of columns or riglels.
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Calculation of the design of the overlap in a wooden house
It is from how much the calculation of the alleged load will be performed correctly, you can create a high-quality reliable design, which will perform your basic functions and serves a very long time.
Most often, the beams indoors are stacked towards the shortest wall. It makes it possible to make the span minimum. The step between the beams will depend primarily on the size of the section. On average, this size is 1 meter. It is not worth making a distance, as it will only increase the consumption of material and labor intensity.
Floor beam mounting scheme.
It is better to give preference to the beams with a large cross section, rather than make the overlap with a small step and a weak overlap.
The main sizes of the beams at a certain amount of the span:
- 2200 mm span - section 75 * 100 mm;
- 3200 mm span - section 100 * 175 mm or 125 * 200 mm;
- 500 mm span - section 150 * 225 mm.
If the overlap is made between the first floor and the attic, the step between the material should be the same, but the section of the beams can be chosen significantly less. This is due to the fact that the loads in the attic will be significantly less than on the full floor.
Tools for arrangement of inter-fitted overlap
All work can be done on their own. To do this, it is necessary to prepare such tools and materials as:- drill;
- saw;
- Toporic (if necessary, big and small);
- chisel;
- a hammer;
- nails, selflessness;
- construction level;
- Fastening elements.
As for the building material, the wood should be of high quality and well dried. Before carrying out all the work, each individual element is necessary to process the means that will prevent rotting and make wood less flammable.
Device of wooden overlap
Table of calculating wooden floors.
Overlapping with your own hands is quite simple, the main thing is to comply with all the recommendations and technologists. The beams are stacked on the walls ends. In order for them securely secured, special connectors are cut into the wall under the desired section size. Putting a beam into the connector, it is planted with packs from all sides. This will prevent the formation of cold bridges in the future. If the beam has a section size less than the walls, then the recess can be done not to the entire depth.
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The second option to fasten the overlap to the wall is the "swallow tail". In order to enhance such a mount, fasteners are additionally used in the form of a metal bracket. Such mount is most often used if the walls of the house are made of timber. In a wooden house, a beam with a beam on one level can be fixed with a clamp.
It is worth highlighting the most common type of beam fastening to the riglel - this is the use of cranial bars. Such bars are attached to the rifle, and the beam is already attached to them. It is recommended to use brus with a cross section of 50 * 50 mm.
For a shield house, laying beams is carried out a little different method. The wall makes special nests in which the ends of the overlap elements are stacked. The optimal depth of the nest is 150-200 mm, while the width must correspond to the size dimensions. In addition, it is necessary to leave the gap on each side of 10 mm. As in the first case, the ends of the materials before laying in the nest must be wrapped in pacles.
Metal anchors can be used for fastening elements. With this attachment, the end of the beam will not enter the wall.
Floating ranks: recommendations
In order to make the first floor ceiling, you need to make a roll. This stage of work can be carried out using a wide variety of materials.
Scheme of rank flooring.
In the most common variant along the side of the beam, cranial bars are nailed. Such bars must have a cross section of 40 * 40 or 50 * 50 mm. They should not act below the main beam. It is for them that smooth boards will later be attached, the thickness of which should be within 10-25 mm. In order to sweep the ceiling, you can apply plywood sheets. Using sheet material, you can get a perfectly smooth ceiling. The minimum plywood thickness in this case should be at least 8 mm. It is very important to control that the edges of the sheets lay in exactly the middle of the beams.
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Instead of using cranial bars, you can make special grooves in the beams. In order to use this method, the beam section should be thought out in advance.
As an option of flooring, the lower part of the overlap elements can remain open, for this, the cranial elements are not knocked up, but slightly higher. Thus, the flooring is carried out between the beams.
After the gas will be made, you can start laying the floor of the second floor. If instead of the second floor is a attic, then it is enough to perform a rough floor. If the room is located on the second floor, the floor must be made from high-quality material. Wooden boards will be laid directly on the lags.
Isolation of inter-storey overlap
In a wooden house, it is very important to make good thermal insulation. It also needs to be done with inter-storey overlap. Thermal insulation materials today are presented in a very wide range. It is how correctly the material is chosen and properly laid, the thermal insulation qualities of the room will depend. This is especially important if instead of the second full-fledged floor is assumed to be an attic. Therefore, in order for the heat from the room it does not leave, it is necessary to put thermal insulation between the beams.
Mineral wool will be a good option.
It has very high technical qualities, but is not a very good sound insulation material. In addition, after a certain period of operation, its structure varies, and microparticles may be released into the environment.
Special attention should be paid to the noise insulation of inter-storey overlap.
When laying any material it is worth controlling its location. Between the lags and the insulator should remain gaps. Sheet materials need to be cut strictly in size, rolled materials fit a bit in bulk.
If the overlap is installed between the first floor and the attic, it is necessary to put the parobarar. Polyethylene film can cope with this. In order to leave the condensate from under the film faster, it is necessary to leave ventilation gaps.