The connection of the rafter is necessary when building items, docking with Mauerlat, in a skate, with additional elements of the system (rack, tightening). Methods for fastening wooden structures are selected depending on the scheme of the solo system, the wizard preferences, the characteristics of the lumber. At the same time, a planed beam is usually used or fascinated by the width of the board.
Mounting scheme rafters.
There are consistent, hanging rafters, transmitting the load from the power frame of the roof on the walls of unequal.
Additional elements are:
- skate runs;
- racks;
- pitch;
- Rigel;
- Fakes.
They give spatial design necessary rigidity, increase the operational resource, the safety of use. With any type of connection, fasteners are used.
Building timing
With a large dimensions of the building of the standard lumber length, there is not enough, so the timber has to increase. The connection of the rafted length is made by several technologies:
Scheme of splicing of rafting legs.
- Vangest - does not require an overlook of the ends of the parts, the nailest is not less than 0.7-1.2 m, the chess location of hardware;
- Jack - the elements are fixed with gear plates or wooden linings, self-tapping screws are located with a displacement;
- On the run - the node is enhanced by supporting on a longitudinal bar or a board;
- oblique bore - angular cut of lumber, fixing into a through hole with studs / bolts (10-14 mm) with wide washers;
- "Three boards" - a double backrest, an excessive increase in the weight of the rafter system, the maximum stiffness, the strength of the structure.
The last method of connecting the rafter is used in the manufacture of complex roofs of the attic, tent type. Empty intervals after the connections assembly are filled with sawn timber. Using the same whiteboard thickness.
The connection of the rafted with support on the run allows you to increase the pace of work - all blanks of one slope have the same size, dug through the template. When using the half-timbered construction technology, metal parts for fixation are traditionally replaced by a wrinkle of all elements in each other. This provides maximum stiffness. The method of oblique rearness is more often used for hanging rafters, butt connection - for the revolving options.
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Top ridge
The rafters in the conjugation of the skates in the skate are based on each other or on the ski run. In the first embodiment, the template method is used:
- Triangular designs are prepared in advance;
- At the place, the extreme triangles are mounted;
- on them stretches the cord with the observance of horizontal;
- Installed average designs.
Scheme of splicing rafters in the area of the skate.
The connection of the rafter in the skate of the run does not require control of the horizontal cord, the reference is the warhead itself. There is no preliminary assembly of rafting farms, the roof is assembled from the lumber to be put up to the top.
The connection of the skate assembly is performed by one of three technologies:
- Vancest - ends of the rafters are cut after fixing to each other with nails, self-drawing, transverse plates;
- Schip-groove - the connection is similar to the previous one, however, each edge has a sample in Poledev;
- Trimming the ends - the shake of the rafted is strictly vertically, the cutting angle is placed on the place, the elements are resting in each other.
All compounds must have one degree of freedom, minimal. This is due to the shrinkage of lumber in the first 1.5-2 years. Otherwise, the design will weaken, collapse under its own weight. Therefore, the mounting bolts either with studs in through holes is always preferable to nails, self-tapping.
The rafters can also be fixed with special hinge metal elements worn on a bar or fastening self-draws. This slightly increases the cost of construction, but sharply increases the resource, maintainability of the roof. A connection to two degrees of freedom is used in complex structures.
Lower support
At the bottom (pairing of the roof rods with the walls of the building), the rafters are based on a longitudinal bar, called Mauerlat. It is fixed in the upper perimeter of the walls in such ways as:
- wire strapping;
- putting on mortgage studs;
- Witting into concrete fill, brickwork.
Options Waste rafted in beam.
Depending on the layout of the rafter, the load is either spread the walls of the building, or compress them. The hard knot of the connection rafters with Mauerlat has two varieties:
- The porch bar - rafters are trimmed at an angle, rest on Mauerlat inside the perimeter of the building or beyond;
- Word in the support timber - the size of the saddle is limited to the third lumber height to preserve the bearing capacity.
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To connect on Mauerlate, there are three metrics: one passes through the entire thickness of the leg at an angle of 90 degrees, two others are attached on the sides. When describing the Mauerlat, the first way side shift is excluded on both sides of the reference corners. There is a version of the tightening when the Mauerlat lay the transverse beams overlooking the perimeter of the walls. The triangular rafter farm relies on these beams, the timber is fixed in the same way as a wrinkle with three screws or nails.
The main purpose of the tightenings is compensation of loading walls.
They perceive efforts from rafting legs, change their direction to vertical, which is favorable for the building box resource.
For those prone to wooden cottages, a sliding metal fastener is often used. It adds a sawn timber to the desired degree of freedom in the longitudinal direction. This technology provides maximum roof maintainability, all loads are compensated by the system itself.
Scheme of transverse contractions of rafters.
Additional elements have their own fastening methods:
- Moody Rigel is sewn to the feet of the mustache;
- Bruke rigel is cut into the saddle of both legs;
- Racks are usually driving onto their feet, connect the corners to beams-screed;
- The skunk run due to the long length is increasing in the methods specified above;
- The rafters are driving saddles in the ski run.
The template technology of manufacturing rafter farms is always preferable to assembly at the place. In this case, the skates are guaranteed to have a rectangular, not a trapezoidal form, which facilitates laying the roofing material, ensures maximum aesthetics of perception.
When using the Swords of the Stropil Foot in Mauerlat, the saddle can be lit in any element of the design, depending on the required sink of the cornice. In practice, Mauerlat is cut less frequently than the bar from which rafters are made.
In the hollow roofs, each rafter foot consists of two parts in the angle of each other. Ways to fix timber, boards in this case do not differ from the above. The method is most often used in three boards with filling in the inner space cropping with a sawn timber of the same thickness.
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The choice of sliding fasteners is justified only in the case of a cooping, framework of wall manufacturing. Panel, half-timbered structures do not give a vertical shrinkage, so it rafters to Mauerlat, the tightening beams can be mounted hard.