The roofing system is a part of the roof device from the outside, which is supported by the supporting structure. It includes a doomle and a rafter system. The triangle underlying this system should be the tough and most economical structural element that contains the attachment nodes of the roof rafters.
Scheme of the rafting system of the lone of the roof.
The main characteristics of the sling system nodes
The main assemblies of the fastening of the rafter system of the roof are shown in Fig. 1. They imply the presence of a rafter foot (Mauerlat - 1), a rafter foot (skate run - 2), racks (tightening - 3). The design of the rafter system is the main carrier element of the roof.
All nodes of the roof fastening should have sufficient strength, this should exclude a significant degree of risk associated with the collapse of the roof. The consequences of the error allowed when connecting elements may be the most unpredictable.
Figure 1. Basic mounting assemblies of the rafter system of the roof: 1 - Mauerlat, 2 - skate run, 3 - tightening.
Initially, the installation of rafters on Mauerlat in the presence of brick walls has. Similar nodes are also provided for blocks from concrete, then it is necessary to create a reinforced concrete belt of rigidity, and it is necessary to insert studs in its design. Their location should be from 1 to 1.5 m from each other, and their diameter should be more than 14 mm. The top of the studs should be equipped with a special carvings.
Mauerlat is drilled, making holes that are necessary for fastening elements on it. Each of the holes should have a size that coincides with the diameter of the hairpin, and its step must match the distance between the studs. On each protruding end of the heel put on the nut and delay it, due to which the strength of the connection of Maurolat and the wall is ensured. Connect rafters with Mauerlat follows so that there is no weakening of their bearing ability.
Description of the main fasteners for mounting the rafter system
If during the construction of the house, a rounded log or a bar was used, then it is not necessary to create armoomas. The connection of the rafter is produced on the top bar either on the wall log. With this purpose, the compounds of Mauerlat with rafters apply different ways of writing (s).
Article on the topic: how to make a wardrobe in the hallway with your own hands
What fasteners are fixed metal rafters:
- Plates.
- Fasteners LK.
- Corners.
- WW brackets.
- Samores.
- Varieties of the corner of the cr.
- Wire screeds.
- Mounting ribbon perforated TM.
- Bolts with nuts.
- WW brackets.
Hard pinching rafters.
If the brackets are used when connecting rafters with Mauerlat, their inserts on rafters are not produced, which helps to strengthen the bearing capacity. Typically produce metal brackets, and the metal is galvanized and has a thickness size of 0.2 cm. Brackets are strengthened with nails, anchor bolts or screws.
You can use the LK mounting element, creating attachment nodes not only rafters with Mauerlat, but also other different elements that make up the structural design. The LK fastener is strengthened to wood, like brackets, and the exception will be the use of anchor types of bolts.
The mounting perforated tape allows you to enhance the connecting nodes when the roofing systems are erected. It is used not only to create more durable nodes, but also to strengthen elements for additional use in order to impart stiffness or the strength of the system as a whole. Fasten the perforated mounting tape with screws or nails, so it is used in order to enhance the design of the system of rafters of any roof, the integrity of which will not be violated.
Mounting scheme rafters.
Using corners of the Kyrgyz Republic and their different modifications, the attachment nodes are enhanced so that they can effectively participate when connecting Mauerlat and rafters. Ensuring the appropriate strength of the roof nodes is permissible when using corners, which makes it possible to increase the bearing characteristics of the roofing design.
The use of connecting elements from metal is not associated with the insertion of the corners into the roofing system. It will not be the reason for lowering the bearing capacity of the roofing system. Applying corners for the compound can be used with screws or nails whose protrusions resemble the ears.
How do nodes connect in the skunk part?
There are three main types of fastening in the skate parts of the roofing system:
- Job connection.
- Fastening based on the skate run.
- Skaling jack Vangest.
Article on the topic: Purple curtains in the interior - Magic of color and taste
In order to fasten the first way, clip the skate part from the top edge at an angle, which is the same with the corner of the roof of the roof. Then he be rests in the required rafter, which should also be cropped at an angle, but from the opposite side of the roof. For trimming, the corners sometimes use a special template.
Nails for connecting rafted under the skate should be 150 mm and more, they need two pieces. Each nail is clogged into the rafters in their upper part at the appropriate angle. The sharp end of the nailing nail usually enters the sling slots from the opposite sides. Strengthening the skate joint can be achieved by applying plates from metal on the side or a wooden lining so that it is enough to pull it with bolts or nails.
Scheme of fastening options raftered to the wall.
The connection in the second way, that is, through the ski run, is associated with the strengthening of the rafted on the skate bar. The run is one of the additional supporting beams or brusons, which is a backup of rafters. It is located parallel to the skate or Mauerlat. The method differs from the previous one by the fact that there is a ski beam between rafters that cut at an angle, which is a time-consuming process, therefore this method is used less often.
A method is more common, which is similar to the first, but it differs in the way that the fastening is made by the bracket, and the joint method is not applied. The rafters should come into contact with the ends, and not side surfaces. Step rafters should be bolt or stud, nails. This connection is applied by many masters in practice.
In general, it is possible to install rafters on Mauerlat by creating structures of roofing rafting systems, which are spacer or failing. This determines the choice of the corresponding method of compounding Mauerlat and rafters, which can be similar to the skate.
Basic shortcomings when installing the assembly of the rafter system
The problem of choosing a method for fastening the rafting system to the structure of the structure is very important when creating mounting nodes. Often, when creating nodes, Mauerlat serves as a support for the rafter. The mounting of the Mauerlat Bruz is carried out "tight" using anchor bolts to the reinforced belief of rigidity.
Article on the topic: how to make a fence from slate with your own hands: options and features of the installation
Scheme of the skate connection of the rafter system.
A possible flaw is an independent belt belt, which can lead to the tipping of the Mauerlat vehicle and a disturbance of the stability of the roofing line system. The roof is loosened, and the roof is slipping. Due to the erroneous placement of anchor bolts or incorrectly performed holes, the mount is already ineffective.
If the nuts are screwed down with bolts, the attachment assembly becomes fragile and exposed to ravous destruction. To create an attachment node, a wire twist is sometimes used.
During the construction of the rafter system, the safety of the compounds should be observed.
For example, if the rafter design is combined with overlapping without taking into account the carrying capacity of the attic of the attic, then this is the most dangerous moment that may result in the destruction of the construction.
The attachment knot rafters to Mauerlat.
If the tightening is changed to the precast floor beam, intended for bending, the use of precast concrete beams should be effective due to their rigid fixing in the reinforced belt of the overlap rigidity, which is arranged using the reinforcement frame. Its axis should go in one direction with the current forces.
At the same time, the presence of shortcomings in the process of creating a rafter system, which is a carrier wooden overlap design, often occurs due to the misunderstanding of functions performed by tightening and the rigel in the entire roofing system. The tightening is different from the reiguel by the fact that it is a longitudinal, and the beam is a transverse beam.
The construction of the rafter system is associated with the creation of a spacer system operating on the principle of discrepancies at the bottom of the planes, which occurs under the influence of not only their own weight, but also the load that falls on the line intersection of the planes, which should interfere with the transverse beam, that is, the tightening.
Getting Started with the roof device, you should find out all the moments associated with the assignment of certain errors that occur when performing work on the device of the solo system. The device roofing is associated with possible difficulties and shortcomings that do not allow to achieve the goal.