Wood still remains extremely common building material from which not only individual elements of buildings are manufactured, but also whole buildings. The wood include materials made on its basis, so they all relate to wooden structures. It is known that the main disadvantage of the tree is its high fire hazard, so the impregnation of wooden structures with flame retardant composition is the best way to protect the building from ignition. How many fires managed to avoid if antipirens were used to process structures from wood.
Wood impregnation with flame retardant composition is the most common and economically advantageous way of fire protection wooden structures.
What is antipiren?
Antipirens are the compositions obtained by chemical path and designed to prevent wood fire. The name is formed from the Greek "anti" (mind) and "PIR" (fire). A sufficient extent impregnated with flame retardant wooden design is capable of a much longer time to counteract fireflow. Antipirens do not have a high melting point, so they begin to melt much earlier than the wood can be objected. It is thus the flame retardant impregnation creates a barrier between the wood and the source of ignition for supporting oxygen combustion.
Wood antiseptation diagram to protect a wooden house.
It can be noted that the fire partially operates "to harm to itself", heating the impregnation, in which the chemical reactions prevent it is activated.
As a rule, the main components of compounds for the processing of wooden structures with flame retardant composition are chemicals that are characterized by the slightweight, derivatives of borogne, silicon or phosphoric acids. In addition to creating a film acting on the flames, the flame launches the reaction of gas release reactions that prevent combustion. The volatile substances formed during the melting of the flame retardant layer displace oxygen from the zone of contact of fire with wood.
Classification of anti-view
Fire protection products of wooden structures are divided by processing method for 2 main types:
- impregnations;
- Coatings.
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Table definition of wood protection terms.
The coated materials include various primers, pastes, paints and varnishes. In most cases, they are easier to apply in the process of operation of the building. But such a flame retardant composition does not penetrate deep into. Someone does not like that the paint closes the surface structure characteristic of wood, that is, de blows it. Because of this, protective coatings are often applied to the plots hidden from the view.
Another type of protection of wooden structures - impregnation. For those who do not want to deprive themselves pleasure to consider the structure of wood, penetrating solutions - the perfect option. In turn, impregnations are water or by organic soluble. Oddly enough, the latter are manufactured based on solvents capable of ignition. In addition, these solvents are harmful to health, so the treatment of wooden structures by organic soluble compositions is mainly carried out in production conditions.
Most wooden structures prefer to use water-soluble impregnations, but they are effective only where wood is not exposed to long-term exposure to moisture. Nevertheless, these compositions are divided into several categories:
- unwartes;
- hard-mounted;
- Washed;
- Challenged.
For internal processing, consumers prefer to buy impregnations of the 2nd categories.
Releaseing Antipirens, the manufacturer tries to make them a versatile wood protection. In addition to its main function, the compositions often act as antiseptics.
Processing designs
The fire development scheme in the building, carrying structures and elements of which are impregnated with flame retardant composition.
Fire processing of wood compositions is deep and moderate. In domestic conditions, deep impregnation is practically impossible, since work on improving the fire resistance of the tree is carried out already in the structure. Of course, there are compounds that have high penetrating properties. But with moderate processing, we can only talk about the relative depth of their penetration into the body of wood.
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Work on improving the fire resistance of the structure is carried out by either spraying wooden surfaces, or by applying paintings with a brush. It is necessary to add that the treatment of wood outdoors should be carried out only in the warm season, since under negative temperatures, the frozen moisture in the thickness of the wood interferes in the penetration of the flaw fire retardant composition.
Standardization of anti-view
The flame retardant are only those compositions, the effectiveness of which corresponds to the I and II groups. GOST determines the effectiveness of flame retardants as a mass loss of the material treated with antipiren when exposed to fire. If during the fire testing the resulting sample has lost no more than 9% of the mass, then the flame retardant is included in the I group. Wood impregnated with them is called the challenge. The Group II includes impregnations with which the sample is losing no more than ¼ mass. Wood treated with them belongs to a reflare.
All flame retardant impregnations and coatings are subject to mandatory certification, which is carried out by the divisions of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
The bodies of the Ministry based on the results of an audit of enterprises of the production of anti-view issues a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. The negative assessment of the Ministry of Health of the Ministry of Health is deprives the manufacturer of the right to certificate, and products that do not have a documentary confirmation of its quality by the state, can not be issued on legal grounds and cannot be used. Assisting all standards of anti-epires have certificates of the Organization "Seafood" FSU VNIIPO EMERCS RF. It is necessary to add that specialists conducting the processing of wooden structures with flame retardant compositions should have a relevant license.