When cutting a log cabin, a technological sequence must be observed, which is an important process for high-quality cutting. Particularly should be paid attention to the solid fastening of rafters to the cut, from which the reliability and life of the roof will depend on.
Types of rafter structures.
The form of the future roof and methods for fastening the rafter should be selected with the material from which the log house is erected, the location of the region, where the construction will be. In the design of the roofing rafters play a major role when attaching.
When the roof frame device, the high-quality fasteners of the rafter structures is very important, since errors when calculating and incorrectly selected material, poorly performed operation work will adversely affect the durability, it will have to overlap it again.
How to mount rafylas
Calculate rafters can be several methods:
- using Mauerlat;
- through the beams overlap;
- with tightening and substropsy wooden bars;
- connection with the top crown of walls of logs;
- Using the strapping of the house, which is built on the frame system.
Mounting nodes of the rafter system.
The rafters used in the installation of the roof in the fires are divided into hanging and inclined. When building wooden houses with a large roof area, hanging rafters are used.
The main tools at work are:
- roulette;
- saw;
- Corolnic;
- pencil;
- a hammer;
- screwdriver;
- level.
Placement markup rafters when installing them
The markup of the attachment of the boards to the cut must begin with the frontones, while the elements are placed tightly to the frontones. But first in the board must be cut the support element - the tooth. In the upper wedge of the cut, repeating the size of the tooth, pumps the groove. Immediately it should be noted that without a tooth and the groove can not fasten the rafter. When the ends are positioned from above, it is necessary to lay 5 cm below, taking into account the height of the front.
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When the roof project of the log cabin provides a skate element from a bar or logs, placing the laying, the rafter is required to be put on with nails. When all the elements are installed (dilation, crates) - temporary mounting in the form of nails is extracted.
Marking scheme rafters.
This is required to ensure that all elements do not hang all the elements in the shrink shrink.
Typically, the rafters are installed in compliance with the step of 60 cm and more.
The step distance will depend on the construction of the construction and place of its construction. Install the rafters on both sides of the front, as a result, the shape of the tent is obtained. In places in contact, the rafters with the front should remain a gap of a minimum of 5 cm, filled in subsequently insulating material.
Installation of hanging rafters: features
In this case, only the walls are supporting, which can lead to horizontal spacer throughout the design (cut). To facilitate these loads before mounting and connecting rafters to a wall base (cut) It is important to use a tightening, which is made from the bar or board, thanks to which the counter elements are connected when the rafter is connected to the top. As a result, it turns out a faithful triangular shape of the frame, and they are installed on the crowns of the cut.
There is a similar method when the beams of overlaps are used. Such elements are installed with rafters in one plane and perpendicular to the wall base. This method is used when installing mansard buildings.
Scheme of hanging rafters.
Connection of the design with beams regardless of the severity of the roof is recommended to be used in case of sufficient strength and stability of the walls of the church. This is due to the fact that the pressure on the walls of the cutting of the structure itself will be point, and not uniform, as when using Maurolalat.
In this case, the beam method for the overlap device must be selected with dimensions of 50x150 mm. Having arrange a sink of the roof, wooden bars take this size, which allows you to arrange a protrusion of at least 55 cm. The rafter elements at the same time the method should be for the base of the wall and attached to the edge of the bar.
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Mounting technology to Mauerlat
Maurylalat is one of the extreme elements of the roof of the cut. It accounts for pressure from a large weight of the entire roof, which should be equally distributed over the bearing elements. Mounting Maurolat is made with rapid elements that give this pressure. Mauerlat is like a solid logs laid around the perimeter and slices of the meter length, which are arranged directly under the rafter elements.
For the manufacture of Mauerlast, exclusively log logs, bars and boards with minimal dimensions of 100x100 mm, 100x150 mm and 150x150 mm. If logs are used, then one of the sides is cut to maximize contact with the top crown of the cut. Mounting Maurolalat can be produced in several methods.
Scheme raftered with sliding support.
When the log cabin is made of a log or from a bar, Maurylalat is mounted along the top row and is installed on the log. You can secure:
- with the help of wooden or steel brazers;
- steel brackets;
- metal corner;
- Using galvanized wire with a minimum diameter of 4 mm.
How attached rafters to Mauerlat
Fastening rafted is a responsible moment in the process of installing the roof. From the method of attaching the rafter elements with Mauerlat, the state of the roof under the influence of winds of wind, snow cover, sharp changes in temperature will depend on it. All wooden elements are able to absorb moisture and at the same time expand, and under the influence of temperature increase - shrink. Given the characteristics of wooden structures, it is not recommended to arrange all connections with a rigid fastening, as this leads to ruptures and displacements. The danger can also represent the emergence of spacer forces affecting the walls of a church, due to the negligent installation of structures. That this does not happen, you must have an idea how to install rafters on a log house.Scroll with Mauerlat can be consolidated by the following methods:
- hard;
- sliding.
The type of conjugation is applied taking into account the shape of the roof and the type of rafted - a weak or hanging.
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Using hard fastening
Tools for mounting rafters.
When installing rafters on a bar, the hard attachment method is important to adhere to some requirements and exclude bending, twisted, turns and shifts between the elements.
These requirements can be achieved:
- Pluging the corner with the stripping Bru for support;
- Moting washed on the rapid element and fastening this connection with nails and brackets.
Using the corner, with stroke supporting bars, the rafters are arranged at Mauerlat. The element itself should have a hard stop along the load line due to the paved bar with a length of about 1 m. It is also fixed from the sides with a metal corner to avoid a shift.
The second way when installing is most apprehensible. In this case, the fixation of nails is made from the side, at an angle, crossing them inside the Mauerlat, the third nail should be scored vertically. So it turns out a pretty hard knot when fixing.
In both embodiments, the connection is imparted by another mounting of the elements with the wall using wire or anchors for this.
At one coal of the roof of the roofing rafters are harvested using a template, that is, the same size.
Applying a sliding compound
A sliding compound is created by the fastener with the possibility of shifting one element. In this situation, such an element will raftered to Mauerlat. Create rafters to Mauerlat with the possibility of traveling by such methods:
The way washed and installing the rafter element and washed with Mauerlat:
- producing a connection using 2 nails from the sides of the defects so that they intersect;
- performing a connection with one nail, which is clogged in the upper part through all the rafters and in Mauerlat;
- Replaced with nails plate with holes;
- Applying brackets, fasten the rafters and Mauerlat;
- The rafters protrude beyond the wall and are fixed only by plates.
The compound is performed using special fasteners - sled.
Each method allows the rafter elements to move relative to each other.