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In order for the roof to serve as long as possible and fully fulfilled all the duties imposed on it, it is necessary, among other things, to properly assemble the rafter system. This can be done with your own hands. However, before the start of the main stage of the work, it is necessary to determine the type of roof and the system of the rafter, pick up the appropriate and high-quality material, as well as make a plan, according to which the rafter system will be erected.
Types of rafting roof systems.
The type of system depends on the shape of the roof of the house. At the design stage, the features of the entire system and the design of the roof in particular should be taken into account. After preparing and securing individual elements, the rafter system is mounted. This work implies the implementation of a set of technological steps. By doing everything according to the instructions, you will not meet any significant problems, and the finished rafter system for the roof of your home will be as high as possible.
Drawing up a project of a rafter system
When drawing up a project, it is necessary to consider the type of roofing at home. For the roof of each individual type, an individual solry system is prepared. For example, the system of rafters for the attic roof will be absolutely not like a system for a holm roof. Therefore, with independent performance, it is necessary to take into account these factors.
However, there are a number of requirements that are universal for the roof of any type. Designing a truly system and directly roof, consider the following important points:
Scheme of the rafter system of the holm roof.
- If the roof is insulated, then all installation work should be thought out so that they can be performed as conveniently possible, easily and quickly.
- When installing the insulation, you need to think about the further device of the rafter.
- It is important to take into account the weight of the roof design and calculate the power of the rapid leg in accordance with this parameter.
The rafting system should be collected from high-quality and durable wood. It is important that the workpiece, drying and storage of the material is carried out in accordance with the rules. It is best to use resinous bars. Resin is a natural antiseptic, so the wood will be under additional protection, and the finished rafter system will last as long as possible.
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In case the roof of your house is a hip, rafters must have a different cross section. The most durable rafters should be installed where several bars are connected. When choosing a material for ended rafters, it is necessary to be particularly attentive. The junction between the planes is quite often becoming one of the main problem areas. Such areas are characterized by the smallest strength throughout the system and can leak.
Preparation of timber before work
Mounting nodes rafters.
To build a reliable rafting system, it is necessary to use a fairly thick bar. The material is suitable for the cross section of 10x20 cm, 10x10 cm, 20x20 cm, etc. Where rafters should have a particularly high strength, for example, if the design provides for the presence of the emergency rafters, the beams need to splicer. Optimal to use a timing of 400-600 cm long. It is best for the raftered already a departed bar. This ensures that wood will not change in size after the construction of the roof.
Before proceeding to the device rafters and waterproofing, be sure to think about such moments as wood protection from fire and pests. First, the bar should be soaked with antipytics. Such processing leads to a decrease in flammability of wood. Secondly, the material is necessarily processed by antiseptic compositions, thanks to which its rotting will be prevented.
These measures should be taken long before the final installation of the rafter system. So you can consistently process each element of the structure, paying particular attention to those that may be damaged in the future. Detach special attention to the joints. Protective compounds are most convenient to apply with the brush. Use a rather wide tool with a long pile. Do not forget about individual protection. Be sure to put gloves, respirator and safety glasses.
Protective compounds are recommended to apply a double layer. Before processing wood should dry. You can, of course, do not wait for complete drying. But if you want the material to be soaked as much as possible and served as long as possible, do not rush and give it to completely dry before applying the next layer. It is possible to start the installation of the rafter system for the roof only after the protective agents absorb well and the material will completely dry.
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Systems of systems for bantal roofs.
In the process of performing this work, you will need several simple tools, work with which does not require special skills and training, namely:
- Ax.
- A hammer.
- Chainsaw or hacksaw for wood.
- Yardstick.
- Building level.
- Electric drill.
- Metal brackets from 20 cm.
- Nails 8-20 cm long.
- Nail-breeder.
- Pencil.
Step-by-step installation instructions
The order of installation of the rafter system for home is your own hands. First, Maurolalat laying is performed. It is a bar that performs the functions of the base for the rafter system. Place the Mauerlat over the walls around the perimeter of the structure. Special attachments are used. They must be set in increments of up to 1-1.2 m. To further increase the moisture protection properties for Mauerlat, it is necessary to put the runneroid. You can use other comfortable waterproofing materials.
Bar is laid next to the studs. There are places to create holes. After all the necessary holes are drilled, the studs should be returned to Mauerlat. It must be done in such a way that the studs perfectly performed. You do not need a big ledge, there will be enough millimeters. Mauerlat is additionally fixed with washers and nuts. After completion of the fixation of Mauerlata, you can move to the next step of work where you have to bore rafters with mounted Mauerlat.
Scheme of hanging rafting systems with raised tightening.
The rafter foot is installed in the appropriate position and fixed to Mauerlat. This uses galvanized steel brackets. Additionally prepare fasteners and screws.
The bracket will prevent the rafters located along Mauerlat. The bracket is also designed to prevent their displacements. By the same principle, using brackets, the installation of rafters to the skunk part of the roof is performed. For the purpose of additional strengthening and fastening the riding part of the roof, you can use the rail. It should be connected to the opposite rafters in the form of the letter "A".
For the maximum reliable connection, rafters can also be applied with studs with each other. The studs of at least 8 mm are suitable for this work, if the roof is used ondulin and other nonsense roofing materials. If you choose ceramic tiles and other heavy materials, you should use longer studs, from 10-12 mm.
To rafters do not move, it is better to use 2 studs at once on one attachment node.
In some cases, there is a need to lengthen the timber. In the event of such a situation, connect the bars of therapy, using high strength studs for this and a diameter of at least 1 cm.
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Recommendations for the secretion of the rafter system with Mauerlat
Mounting scheme raftered to Mauerlat.
Sometimes there are such situations when the lengths of the rafter are not enough. This usually happens when the T-shaped roof is erected. But it can occur under other circumstances.
In such cases, in order to prevent or even the complete exclusion of the roofing coating in length under its own weight or weight of atmospheric precipitation, it is necessary to thoroughly work on the strengthening of the roof. It is better to do everything right away and "on conscience". The intention to correct defects "Once then" in the future can lead to problems that will require much more significant time spending, money and strength.
To eliminate this problem, you can resort to one of the two available methods. In accordance with the first of them, a run is established in the middle of the rafter system, due to which a uniform load distribution will be carried out. Or you can resort to another method. In accordance with it, installation of additional transverse beams is made and the struts are installed. Thanks to such a system, all incoming load will be distributed quite efficiently.
The second method of load distribution is more practical and efficient. It is its most commonly used in the construction of mansard roofs.
After the installation is completed, it is necessary to crop all the roof rafters. Cut them in the cornice level. After that, in case of such a need, it will be possible to perform waterproofing work.
Thus, there are no special problems in the independent arrangement of the rafter system. By doing everything with your own hands, you get excellent experience and save big money on third-party services. It is only necessary to follow the instructions in everything, to clearly comply with the established requirements and rules, and you will definitely get a durable and reliable rafting system. Good job!
