How to choose correctly and put thermal insulation, and is it possible to cope with it yourself?
War insulation methods
The way of insulation of the roof depends on whether the underfloor space will be used as a residential premises, that is, whether there will be a mansard in the house. If so, you need to warm the roof itself, laying the insulation on the skates between the rafters. If the house is provided for non-residential (technical) attic, it is not necessary to warm the roof, but the overlap between the last residential floor and the attic. Since very often developers do not want to lose extra square meters, non-residential attics are ever less often, yielding the place of attic.How to insulate roofing right?
The insulation layer must meet the regulatory requirements, the coefficient of its heat transfer must be less than 0.2 W / m2 • C °, the thickness of the roof, which means the thickness of the insulation, is chosen as thin, otherwise the space under it will be limited. Most often, the insulation stacked in two or three layers (depending on the type of material), the thickness of each of which is about 7-8 cm. Thus, the total thickness of the insulation layer is 21-24 cm. When laying layers, the insulation must be placed To the upper layer overlap the joints of the bottom, which will increase its effectiveness.
An important moment when installing the insulation is its moisture protection. Even a slight amount of water that absorbs it will impairs its quality several times. For example, if the insulation in its structure has 5% of the water, its heat-insulating properties are reduced twice. This is explained by the fact that the water, unlike the air, perfectly carries out warmth, releasing it outside, which in this case is unacceptable, so the insulation must be dry always, regardless of the time of year and weather. For this, it must be protected from two sides: from the side of the room by a layer of vapor barrier, and on the side of the street with a layer of waterproofing. Roofing cake must necessarily have ventilation gaps, the presence of which does not make moisture condense on the surface of the insulation.
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What to insulate roof?
Consider the types of thermal insulation materials. Among the most popular, mineral wool, foam, polystyrene foam, cellulose, etc. can be mentioned. For the insulation of the roof, mineral wool based on fiberglass or basalt is used. Thanks to its fibrous structure, it plays a role not only insulation, but also a sound-absorbing layer, moreover, it does not burn, does not release toxins and has a small weight. The total thickness of the insulating layer of mineral wool should not be less than 20 cm, and its individual web should be firmly attached to the designs so that over time they are not deformed and not slipped along the skates. Mineral wool based on fiberglass has a number of advantages due to thin (thinner hair) fibers, which are more in volume than other insulation, and therefore more air. This allows you to increase the thermal insulation capacity of the material, as well as reduce the total weight of the insulation.
Among the new thermal insulation materials should be noted liquid foam. It is resistant to the effects of microorganisms, to burning, non-toxic, has a low density and is available at a price.
How to choose the right insulation?
What are the parameters to choose the insulation? First, this is its proportion. The lower the weight of the material, the better, the more air is in a unit of its volume, the easier it is to lay it and the less the load on the supporting structures will be. Typically, the proportion is in the range of 14-20 kg / m3.
Secondly, the value of thermal conductivity, that is, the ability of the material to carry out heat. It should be minimal. In many respects, this parameter depends on the composition of the insulation of its structure, and hence the specific gravity.
Thirdly, the durability of the material. High-quality insulation, with its proper installation, is able to maintain its properties of at least 25 years.
Fourth, high levels of vapor permeability to provide a humidity regime in the house.
Fifth, non-combustible. The roof frame is usually performed from wood, albeit with special protective solutions, but still a combustible. Ventilation gaps in roofing cake also contribute to the burning and spread of fire. In such conditions, flammable insulation in no case cannot be used.
Sixth, environmental friendliness. When choosing a material, pay attention to its composition. It is better if it is made of natural raw materials without adding various toxic chemicals. It will not be superfluous to check the availability of appropriate certificates that allow its use.
Many developers when choosing insulation are faced with a choice: buy a roll material or plate. Some builders are confident that the plates are better, although it is not quite so. According to its qualities, these materials differ little from each other, the difference is only in the installation technology. Plates are convenient to use when the insulation needs to be put into a certain framework, the cells of which are multiple plates parameters. In this case, you do not need to spend time on cutting the surfaces of the desired size. Typically, the plates are used in the insulation of plasterboard walls. Rolled materials found use in the insulation of large areas, such as roofs, suspended ceilings.
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Roof insulation technology
The globe insulation technology includes several stages. First, a film of waterproofing materials is fixed on the sintering system. It should create a sealed layer and slightly saving in case of temperature drop and thermal expansion. The joints of individual canvases are rushed with construction tape. Next, from the side of the room between the rafters, the insulation is stacked and on top of a steam barrier film, whose joints are also carefully closed so that no gaps and cracks remain. The insulation plates are usually stacked without additional fasteners, so you need to take care that their structure can keep shape, not deforming and crawled along the rocks. The number of layers of thermal insulation depends on the material selected, its characteristics and thickness. Usually two or three layers are stacked - this is quite enough.
When installing the insulation, it is impossible to leave the gaps at the joints of the plates of plates or in the places of their contact with elements of structures or laid communications. The thermal insulation layer must be solid, otherwise the so-called cold bridges may form, according to which cold air will penetrate. Cold bridges can be linear and point. Linear bridges appear in places of a loose fit of the material in places of docking, and point - in places of fastening the insulation to the surface with fasteners, as well as when installing various structural elements passing through the thermal insulation layer. To avoid heat leakage, it is recommended to lay the layers of the insulation so that the joints of the upper layers overlap the shoulders of the lower ones, and the insulation itself lightened tightly to the structures and filled out all the space between the rafters.
The designs of some roofs suggest the presence of a counterclaim, which is attached across the rafted. Such a solution allows you to minimize the area of the elements of the rafting system and increase the coefficient of thermal uniformity.
Warming of non-residential attic
Another way to insulate the roof is insulation of a non-residential attic. As mentioned above, in this case the insulation is not mounted on the skates, but to the overlap, that is, on the floor of the attic. It is done in two right. At first, the space between the beams of the overlap is filled with insulating plates or canvas, on top of them at a distance of up to 3 cm mounted windproof film. The resulting gap will ensure ventilation, protecting the insulation from the accumulation of condensate on it. Next, the grille is installed from wooden boards or profiles to which the mineral wool layer is laid. The number of mineral wool layers depends on its characteristics and on the regulatory requirements for insulation layers in the region. The heat insulating layer should be dense and sealed, without cracks.
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What is the principle of a closed contour?
The sealed layer of the insulation must form a closed heat outline, in which any gaps are missing or unheated areas that are cold bridges. Special attention should be paid to the installation of the insulation along the window and doorways, in the fields of communications, at the stakes of the ceiling and walls. The insulation layer should have a thickness that is no less regulatory, otherwise it will not be able to securely protect the rooms from the cold. Another nuance is correctly selected sizes of plates or cloths. They have to fit tightly to the surface without sagging, not crawling under the weight of their weight, do not deform.
In addition to the insulation of the roof in the house there is also insulation of walls. The heat insulating layer of walls is usually mounted on their outer part and forms a single closed thermal contour with the thermal insulation layer of the roof. These layers should come into contact without interrupting and complementing each other. Their gap can lead to significant heat loss and impaired internal microclimate in the house. To ensure a hermetic compound of layers among themselves, you can use a fishing line or garter.
Safety technique
And a few words about safety techniques when working with insulation materials. The prerequisite is the presence of personal protective equipment: special overalls, mittens, respirator (masks), glasses. Cutting the insulation is better hand with a sharp knife, and not using power tools, which will significantly reduce the amount of dust. The room where the preparation of the material and its installation must be well ventigable. After completing the work, the hand and face must be washed with cold water. Mineral wool hit on the skin can cause itching, which does not pass even after washing with water. It is not necessary to worry - the mineral wool is not dangerous, and with time it will take place.