Thaum kev tsim kho ntawm nws lub tsev, ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kev tsim kho phab ntsa. Kev tso cov zaub mov muaj feem ntau nqa tawm siv cib, tab sis dab tsi yuav tsum yog cov tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qhov no? Ib qho ntxiv, cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev tsis yog tsuas yog nqa khoom, tab sis tseem ua partitions thiab tseem ua partnesss thiab rov qab - dab tsi yuav tsum yog lub thickness ntawm lub cib ntsa hauv cov kis no? Txog qhov no, Kuv yuav qhia rau hauv tsab xov xwm niaj hnub no.
Dab tsi yog lub cib ntsa tuab nyob ntawm?
Lo lus nug no muaj feem xyuam rau txhua tus neeg uas tsim lawv tus kheej lub tsev cib thiab tsuas yog nkag siab cov aces ntawm kev tsim kho. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, lub cib ntsa yog tsim yooj yim heev, nws muaj qhov siab, dav thiab tuab. Phab ntsa load ntawm kev txaus siab rau peb feem ntau yog nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw kawg tag nrho. Ntawd yog, tus dav dav thiab sab saud phab ntsa, cov tuab nws yuav tsum yog.
Tab sis, qhov twg yog qhov tuab ntawm lub cib ntsa? - Koj nug. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias hauv kev tsim kho, ntau yog khi rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Cib, zoo li lwm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev, muaj cov gost, uas siv mus rau hauv tus account nws lub zog. Tsis tas li, kev thauj khoom ntawm Masonry nyob ntawm nws ruaj khov. Qhov twb tau saum toj no yuav yog cov cab kuj, txawm hais tias nws yog lub luag haujlwm ua, tshwj xeeb yog lub hauv paus.
Lwm qhov ntsuas uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov chaw thau khoom thoob plaws ntawm qhov chaw yog lub thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom. Qhov dog dig puv-teev thaiv thermal conductivity yog heev. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws, hauv nws tus kheej, rwb thaiv tsev tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, kom tawm qauv thermal centerivity qhia, lub tsev tshwj xeeb los ntawm silicate lossis lwm cov blocks, phab ntsa yuav tsum yog tuab heev.
Tab sis, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txuag tau nyiaj thiab tswj cov kev txiav txim siab zoo, cov neeg tsis kam ua lub tsev nco qab ntawm lub bunker. Txhawm rau kom muaj cov chaw ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab tib lub sijhawm zoo rwb thaiv tsev, tus txheej txheem multiilayer pib thov. Qhov twg ib txheej ib txheej yog qhov chaw ruaj khov, kom muaj kev thauj khoom, thiab thib peb yog ib qho kev ua kom sov uas ua kom tiav.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Ua cov khoom lag luam los ntawm ib tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv lub antiquity nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes
Xaiv Cov Khaub Ncaws
Nyob ntawm seb qhov tuab tuab ntawm cov cab kuj yuav tsum yog, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qee yam khoom muaj qhov sib txawv thiab txawm tias cov qauv. Yog li, raws li cov qauv, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov puv thiab qhov. Cov ntaub ntawv puv sijhawm muaj lub zog ntau dua, raug nqi, thiab thermal conductivity.
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrog kab noj hniav sab hauv hauv cov qhov yog tsis yog li siv tau, muaj tus nqi me, tab sis muaj peev xwm rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv lub qhov thaiv yog siab dua. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pa hnab ris hauv nws.
Qhov ntev ntawm ib hom ntawm cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab kuj tseem yuav txawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog:
- Ib leeg;
- Ib nrab;
- Ob npaug;
- Ib nrab.
Ib ntu, nws yog cov khoom siv, cov qauv ntau, xws li peb txhua tus siv rau. Nws qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog raws li hauv qab no: 250x120x65 hli.
Ib-teev lossis tuab - muaj lub chaw thau khoom dua tshiab, thiab nws qhov loj me zoo li qhov no: 250x120xx88 hli. Muab ob npaug - ntsig txog, muaj ib ntu ntawm ob lub blocks 250x120x138 hli.
Ib nrab yog menyuam yaus ntawm nws tus khub, nws muaj, raws li tej zaum koj twb twv tau twv, ib nrab ntawm tuab ntawm ib leeg - 250x120 x12 hli.
Raws li tuaj yeem pom, qhov sib txawv tsuas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov khoom siv tsev hauv tsev hauv nws cov tuab, thiab qhov ntev thiab dav yog tib yam.
Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi yuav yog qhov tuab ntawm lub cib ntsa, kev lag luam tsim nyog, muaj ntau cov cab kuj thiab cov khoom me me rau partitions.
Phab Ntsa Thickness
Peb twb tau txiav txim siab cov teeb meem uas cov tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm lub cib nyob ntawm. Raws li peb nco ntsoov, nws yog qhov ruaj khov, lub zog, thermal rwb thaiv tsev zog. Ib qho ntxiv, sib txawv ntawm cov chaw nyob yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv sib txawv.
Cov chaw nqa khoom yog, qhov tseeb, kev txhawb nqa ntawm tag nrho lub tsev, xws li qhov hnyav ntawm lub ru tsev, xws li qhov hnyav ntawm cua, nag lossis daus tseem muaj los ntawm lawv tus kheej Cov. Yog li ntawd, lawv lub loadability, piv nrog cov chaw ntawm qhov tsis muaj xwm txheej thiab cov partitions sab hauv, yuav tsum siab tshaj plaws.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: phab ntsa mural nrog tsheb ntawm phab ntsa
Hauv kev muaj tiag niaj hnub, feem ntau ntawm ob thiab peb lub tsev nyob tau txaus los rau 25 cm tuab lossis ib feem ntau ib nrab lossis 38 cm. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Txhua yam muaj ntau yam ntxiv uas tau nyuab rau ntawm no.
Txhawm rau suav seb puas muaj kev ruaj khov yuav tsum tau xa cov qauv ntawm Snip II-22-8. Cia peb xam seb peb lub tsev cib yuav tiv taus, nrog phab ntsa nrog 250 hli, 5 meters ntev thiab 2.5 meters siab. Rau masonry peb yuav siv M50 cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm M505 daws, peb yuav xam rau ib tus cab kuj, tsis muaj qhov rais. Yog li, mus.
Lub rooj naj npawb 26.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub rooj saum toj no, peb paub tias tus yam ntxwv ntawm peb masonry hais txog thawj pab pawg, nrog rau cov lus piav qhia ntawm nws los ntawm nqe lus 7. Tab. 26. Tom qab ntawd, peb saib ntawm lub rooj 28 thiab nrhiav tau tus nqi ntawm β, uas txhais tau hais tias cov nyiaj pub dawb ntawm cov phab ntsa rau nws qhov siab, muab, hom kev daws tau siv. Rau peb tus piv txwv, tus nqi no yog 22.
Ntxhuav naj npawb 28-29.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum nrhiav tus k coefficient los ntawm rooj 29.
- K1 rau ntu hla ntawm peb Masonry yog 1.2 (K1 = 1.2).
- K2 = √an / Aws qhov twg:
Ib qho yog qhov chaw hla ntawm cov cab kuj mus tom qab tav toj, qhov kev xam tau yooj yim 0.25 * 5 = 1.25 square meters. M.
AB - Thaj chaw ntawm ntu ntawm phab ntsa kab rov tav, muab lub qhov rai qhib, peb tau ploj, yog li ntawd, K2 = 1.25
- Tus nqi ntawm K4 tau teev tseg, thiab rau qhov siab ntawm 2.5 m yog 0.9.
Tam sim no kev kawm, txhua tus hloov pauv tuaj yeem nrhiav pom cov coefficient "k", los ntawm kev khoo txhua qhov tseem ceeb. K = 1.2 * 1.25 * 0.9 = 1.35 Tom ntej no, peb kawm txog qhov chaw tiv thaiv kev txhim kho yog 1.35 * 29.7, thiab cov kev pub xim zoo yog 2.5 = 10, uas yog tsawg dua li qhov ntsuas tau 29.7. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev tso ntawm ib qho tuab ntawm 25 m thiab a 2.5 meter siab yuav luag peb zaug siab dua nws yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov qauv standp.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: Yuav ua li cas thiaj tau muab lub txaj viav vias nrog koj tus kheej tes hauv tsev?
Zoo nrog cov chaw seem txhawb nqa tawm, thiab dab tsi nrog cov partitions thiab nrog cov uas tsis dais lub nra. Partitions, nws raug nquahu kom noj ib nrab ntawm tuab - 12 cm. Rau cov chaw uas tsis muaj cov qauv ruaj khov uas peb tau txiav txim siab saum toj no kuj ncaj ncees. Tab sis txij li los ntawm saud, xws li ib lub phab ntsa yuav tsis muab kho, qhov sib piv ntawm cov kab mob me me yuav tsum raug txo los ntawm ib qho nqi nrog tus nqi lwm tus.
Masonry hauv Pollipich, cib, ib thiab ib nrab, ob lub cib
Hauv kev xaus, cia saib seb cov brockwork yog ua raws li lub thauj khoom ntawm cov nplaim dej. Masonry nyob rau hauv Polkirpe, cov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam, raws li tsis tas yuav ua kom hnav khaub ncaws ua kom cov qib. Txaus, muab thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv, nyob rau theem zoo kawg nkaus hauv paus thiab xyuas kom meej tias kev daws teeb meem yog tus muab tshaj 10 hli nyob rau hauv lub tuab.
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo masonry nrog kev hla hla ntawm 25 cm yog qhov kev siv ntawm cov khoom siv ntsug ntawm cov npoo sib txuas uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom haum. Rau qhov kev xaiv no, masonry yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ntawm xaus rau qhov kev xaiv kaw, uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ob, ib-kab thiab ntau-kab. Lawv txawv txoj kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab nteg blocks.
Tso rau hauv qhov loj me thiab ib nrab cib tau tsim raws li cov kab ke: hauv thawj kab, cov blocks tau muab tso rau ib leeg, yog li ntawd lub ntsej muag twist yog nyob ntawm sab nraud, thiab sab hauv - ib diav. Cov kab hauv qab no yog muab tso, zoo li qub, tab sis twb sab nraud muaj ib qho ib ce, thiab sab hauv twitch.
Cov txheej txheem tso rau hauv ob lub cib yog zoo li Masonry hauv ib lub cib, qhov sib txawv yog tias 500 - 520 mm yog hais tias lub ntsej muag loj yog coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Yees duab "Cib phab ntsa"
Ib daim vis dis aus ntawm kev tsim kho cov hnab cib siv ntau cov masonry. Yuav ua li cas sov rau kev pw, thiab dab tsi zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no.