Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: Txoj kev ntawm moj khaum

Anonim

Tus Staircase hlau yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov qauv zoo li no, uas yog txawv los ntawm kev siv tsis taus, muaj kev ntseeg tau thiab ruaj khov. Cov qauv txheej txheem no tau teeb tsa ob lub tsev sab nraud thiab sab hauv lub tsev nyob, muab lub zog zoo nce mus rau theem ob, nthab lossis nthab. Cov ntaiv ntawm cov hlau thav duab niaj hnub no yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam kev teeb tsa, vim ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej hlau niaj hnub tuaj yeem ua.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tas ua tiav, cov qauv no tsis suav nrog. Tus ncej liab qab yog tsis yog tus ntaiv tas nrho. Hauv kev ua lag luam niaj hnub, xaiv loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiav tau nthuav tawm. Ntoo yeej qhov muaj koob meej tshaj plaws. Nws yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov hlau txias, nrhiav rau cov neeg tsim qauv dav rau qhov chaw ntawm nws lub tswv yim.

Tsim nta

Hlau thav duab - lub hauv paus muaj zog rau cov ntaiv. Nws siv lub ntsws rau nws cov chaw tsim khoom, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj zog hlau alloys uas tsis raug mob corrosion uas tsis muaj kev hnav khaub ncaws, hnav thiab deformations. Cov qauv no yuav muaj ib daim ntawv, feem ntau lub Peb Hlis thiab cov qauv ntsia hlau feem ntau muaj.

Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tsis txhob koj xaiv ntawm hom ntaiv no, nws tsim nyog paub nrog lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab hnyav tag nrho "rau" tawm tsam ":

  • Cov ntaiv ntawm cov hlau thav duab tsuas yog kim me ntsis dua li cov ntoo zoo sib xws, tab sis pheej yig dua cov qauv yas.
  • Nws yog xim hlau puag yuav ua ke nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tsob ntoo trim yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.
  • Nws tuaj yeem sau tseg qhov tsis muaj squeaks ntawm cov kauj ruam. Hauv cov qauv no, cov cab kuj txhawb pab tiv thaiv cov hlau, cov ncej sib txuas tau nruj nreem txuas los ntawm vuam.
  • Tsis zoo li ntoo ib txwm muaj, cov qauv hlau pab tau ntev. Cov ntsiab lus tsis raug rau ya raws, thiab cov sib txuas tsis tau muaj kev ua haujlwm sib luag.
  • Kev tsim cov hlau staircase tau ua nyob rau hauv ob theem: txhim kho cov hlau ncej ntawm cov theem kev tsim kho thiab xov ua ke tom qab tsim qauv ntawm tag nrho lub tsev.

Stairs ntawm hlau ncej nrog cov kauj ruam ntoo

Lub moj khaum khoom

Txhawm rau ua tiav cov staircase hlau, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau hom ntoo. Los ntawm kev xaiv tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm seb tus qauv twg yog qhov kev xaiv peev nyiaj txiag lossis kev xaiv khoom ntawm sab hauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xaiv ntawm cov ntoo ntau txiav txim siab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom yav tom ntej - txawm tias nws yog tus qauv sib xws nrog qhov kub thiab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev.

Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov staircase rau hauv chav tsev thib ob [cov hom kev tsim]

Lub sheathing ntawm cov staircase ntawm cov hlau thav duab tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo zoo li no, zoo li:

  • Ntoo qhib. Nws yog nto moo rau nws lub zog thiab kev ua siab ntev. Nthuav dav nyob rau hauv ntau cov xim: los ntawm lub teeb daj rau liab-xim av ntxoov ntxoo. Cov ntoo no tseem muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb - dhau lub sijhawm cov array yog tsaus nti, tau txais cov suab nrov sib sib zog nqus thiab muaj zog.

Bruks ntawm Duba

  • Ntoo tshauv. Tsis yog qis dua rau nws tus neeg ua ntej hauv lub zog. Nws muaj cov xim greyish thiab txawv txawv qauv, hauv kev teeb tsa cov ntoo no ntau dua li ntoo qhib.

Txhuam cov ntoo tshauv

  • Beech. Tus tsiaj muaj zog thiab ntom, tab sis nws yog qhov yooj yim los daws. Nws muaj qhov zoo nkauj thiab meej meej nrog streaks. Los ntawm Beech feem ntau ua rau curly thiab bent cov khoom.

Brukes buka.

  • Pob zeb coniferous. Cedar, ntoo thuv, larch feem ntau siv los npog cov ntaiv. Pine yog cov pheej yig tshaj, tab sis nws tsis muaj kev ua tau zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau siv rau cov luas tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw ntawd uas tsis tas yuav siv cov ntoo uas kim dua thiab kav dej.

Bar phuv

  • Pob zeb txawv. Lawv tau ntaus nqi rau ua zaub ntsuab, zuam thiab Merbau. Lawv lub ntsiab ntxiv rau ntau yam xim: los ntawm txiv qaub-daj rau qhov sib zog nqus ntshav, cov tawv nqaij liab thiab dub. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab kev tsim kho, lub zog thiab lub neej ntev dua yog qhov txawv.

Bluks merbau

Rau tinting ib tug ntoo plating feem ntau siv daim ntaub thaiv. Yog tias koj xav txuag, xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv muaj nyob ntawm tus nqi. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias nws yog tsob ntoo ci ntsa ntoo.

Painting ntoo Morilka

Cov Qauv Rau Xaiv Cov Hlau Stairs

Mus ntsib cov ntoo hlau nrog ntoo yog, kom ntau dua, kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm tus ncej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsim nyog xaiv cov ntaub ntawv no rau kev ua tiav, uas yuav txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej. Ntawm qhov kev tawm, nws yuav tsum muaj zog, xis thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm staircase.

Txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom siv ua kom zoo, nws tsim nyog rau kev mloog rau cov qauv hauv qab no:

  • Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai noo ntawm sawn ntoo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj daim duab 12%. Cov ntoo tsis zoo yog feem ntau ua rau muaj kev deformation ntawm staircase lossis nws cov ntsiab lus.
  • Yuav tsum tsis muaj cov kab nrib pleb, tej daim thiab lwm yam tsis xws hauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Xaiv tsuas yog cov ntoo du, ib qho uas yog spawned ntawm cov tshuab zoo.
  • Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau bitch. Txwv tsis pub, cov khoom yuav tsis zoo, thiab cov no yog cov nqi zog loj.
  • Kev xaiv ntawm cov plating kuj nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov staircase hlau - hauv chav nyob, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav, lossis hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Tom qab tag nrho, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsiaj sib txawv tsis zoo ib yam.

Tshooj nyob rau lub ntsiab lus: Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim qauv ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev nrog lub staircase thiab cov kev xaiv tau rau kev npaj | +70 duab

Yuav ua li cas xaiv Wood rau Stairs
Xaiv tsuas yog cov khoom zoo thiab zoo qhuav ntoo

Ntawm Video: Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib txuas rau cov ntaiv.

Kev Siv Tshuab Hlau

Thaum koj txiav txim siab rau ntoo thiab yuav ntoo rau cladding nyob rau hauv cov yam xav tau ntau, koj tuaj yeem pib installity. Tab sis ua ntej qhov no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua cov kev suav raug thiab npaj cov cuab yeej, tsis muaj uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom cais cov staircase.

Cov cuab yeej xav tau

Txhawm rau cov ntaiv ua rau ib tsob ntoo nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:

  • Perforator thiab hau ntswj;
  • Electrolovka rau sawing cov khoom;
  • Planer, cov ntaub ntawv, Ntawv Emery;
  • rauj, roj hmab cizyanka, nqe lus;
  • Roulette, qib kev tsim kho;
  • Teeb ntawm cov ciaj ntswj, screws.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Npaj ua haujlwm

Txhawm rau cov staircase hlau, tsis txaus kom tau txais cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo yuav nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas thiaj ntseeg tau, ruaj thiab yooj yim los siv tus qauv.

Yog li dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua:

1. Nrog kev pab ntawm Roulette, ntsuas txhua theem ntawm cov staircase hlau, nrog rau nws sab thiab lub Peb Hlis.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv tau sau cia rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab ua rau lub markup ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm lub cav ntoo sawn.

3. Txhawm rau txiav txhua qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom loj, cov npoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov ceg ntse - Emery.

4. Ntsiab rau cov kauj ruam npog rau suav, xav tias cov txheej txheem ua tiav koj yuav tau coj los ntawm hauv qab no. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua hauv cov chaw uas yuav tsis pom tom qab kev teeb tsa.

5. Siv cov ntaub qhwv, ua kom lub dav hlau kom zoo tshaj plaws. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov grinders, yog li ua haujlwm yuav mus nrawm dua.

6. Hauv kev xaus, nws txaus los kho txhua tus ntoo ntoo los ntawm antiseptic thiab tos kom lawv ua tiav kom qhuav.

Ua ntaiv rau ntaiv

Ntsib Hlau Lub Cev

Thaum txhua cov ntsiab lus yog ua tib zoo ua tiav thiab npaj rau kev teeb tsa, mus rau tus ncej ntsej muag. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog li hauv qab no:

1. Ua haujlwm pib nrog cov kauj ruam kawg hauv qab no. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nteg ntoo nplaum thiab kho lawv nrog kev pab ntawm tus kheej-npoo screws. Cov kaus mom nrawm nrawm yuav tsum tau tob hauv cov laug cam ib centimeter.

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase nrog ib tsob ntoo

2. Nruab cov risers. Lawv yuav tsum haum kom nruj rau cov ncej, rau lawv cov ntawv txuas, peb kuj siv cov ntsia hlau tus kheej nrog hlau laum.

Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Kev tsim khoom ntawm cov ntoo Dormitory Staircase: suav thiab kev qhia ntawm kev sib txoos ntawm tus kheej

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase nrog ib tsob ntoo

3. Pib sib dhos cov ntsiab ntawm laj kab. Balauins tau muab ntsia rau ntawm cov kauj ruam raws cov npoo, nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm theem peb ntsia hlau. Cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa yog ntshaw kom npaj nrog ib tug caij nyoog ntawm 15-20 cm. Tom ntej no, frreamers ntawm lub plawv balasins.

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase nrog ib tsob ntoo

Yog tias xav tau, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau sheathe ntoo thiab seem ntawm lub moj khaum. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv no yog xav tau tsuas yog tias cov qauv hlau muaj qee yam tsis xws luag.

Hlau ntaiv Trim Ntoo

Montage los ntawm sab nraum qab

Qhov peculiarity ntawm hom no ntawm cov plating yog tias cov ntoo yog stacked rau sab saum toj ntawm tus ncej, thiab tus kheej tapping screws tau nruj ntawm nws. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau tho qhov nyob rau hauv cov hlau nws tus kheej hauv qhov chaw yog nyob hauv qab fastening. Cia li npaj lub khob dej txias ua ntej rau compose lub laum - feem ntau cov hlau hauv xws li thav ntawv muaj tuab ntawm 5-7 mm.

Lub cheeb ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum yog xws li yav tom ntej cov ntsia hlau yooj yim dhau los ntawm lawv dhau mus.

Fastening cov kauj ruam rau hlau ntaiv

Tom ntej no, mus rau lub teeb tsa ntawm txhua kauj ruam. Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev ntawm no. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua ib lub substrate los ntawm plywood thiab kho nws ntawm cov ncej siv cov kua nplaum mounting nrog cov nyhuv ntxig. Tsuas yog tsis txhob siv cov ua npuas ncauj mounting hloov cov kua nplaum - nws dries dhau sijhawm, uas yuav ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo.

On to top ntawm substrate muab cov sticking thiab nyiam lawv nyob rau sab rov qab los ntawm screws los ntawm kev ua ntej-ua tiav qhov hlau. Raws li rau cov risers, thev naus laus zis ntawm lawv cov kev teeb tsa tsis txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem piav saum toj no.

Teeb tsa ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm cov hlau thav duab los ntawm sab nraum qab

Sab Nrauv Kho Kom Zoo Sab Nraud Stairs

Nyob rau theem kawg, nws tseem nyob rau xaws sab nraum qab thiab cais sab ntawm staircase. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav siv chipboard los xij, phab ntsa lossis hauv ob sab phlu. Ua ntej koj npaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov loj me thiab peb tau hnav kab kab los ntawm hom taper, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntoo ntoo. Qhov qis dua ntawm tus ntaiv raug kaw los ntawm plasterboard. Fastening peb nqa tawm nrog kev pab ntawm tus kheej-tapping screws.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Tom qab cov plating cov staircase hlau, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​qab txog qhov kawg barcode los ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim kawg yog nyob ntawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, kab kab ntawm cov staircase npog cov xim ntawm tsob ntoo lossis qhib lacquer, tinted lossis pob tshab - uas nyiam dab tsi.

Hlau tawg thiab balaunine teeb tsa (3 yeeb yaj kiab)

Stairs nrog ib nrab thiab tag nrho ua tiav (48 daim duab)

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv ntsej muag | +65 Yees duab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv ntsej muag | +65 Yees duab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv ntsej muag | +65 Yees duab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv ntsej muag | +65 Yees duab

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv ntsej muag | +65 Yees duab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv ntsej muag | +65 Yees duab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Yuav ua li cas cais cov staircase hauv tsev: xaiv cov khoom siv ntsej muag | +65 Yees duab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau staircase nrog ntoo: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Nyeem ntxiv