Feem ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm muab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau lub caij ntuj sov rau biology. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog los sau cov qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag lub ntiaj teb. Txhawm rau tsim cov tshuaj ntsuab los ntawm nplooj nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev rau siab ntau. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho cov nroj tsuag, kom qhuav thiab npaj zoo nkauj npaj hauv cov album tshwj xeeb. Ib chav kawm me me ntawm kev sau cov khoom tawg ntawm nplooj yuav pab koj txhawb nqa cov hluas nerd hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm cov kev cai ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab koj tuaj yeem npaj ua cov duab ntsej muag botanical. Ib qho ntxiv, peb yuav qhia txog lwm txoj hauv kev los tsim cov nroj tsuag.
Cov kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm ntawm botany tso cai rau tus neeg niaj hnub muaj lub tswv yim ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsawg. Ob peb hom ploj txhua hnub, thiab cov tshiab tuaj hloov lawv. Txhawm rau khaws cov kev paub ntawm ib tus neeg uas sawv cev, muaj ib txoj hauv kev los tsim lawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm phau ntawv sau txog qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv.
Dab tsi yog tshuaj ntsuab
Lub npe ntawm Hermarium los ntawm cov lus Latin Latin - "nyom". Nws sawv cev kev sau cov ntoo qhuav hauv cov npe tshwj xeeb. Italian Botanist Luca Gini tau los ua thawj tus neeg uas tau sau tshuaj ntsuab siv. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov hygroscopic thiab tso cai rau lub sijhawm ntev los khaws cov khoom ntim.
Tam sim no, ntau tshaj 10 txhiab tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm botany tau koom rau hauv kev sau thiab tsim cov khoom phem, ua haujlwm hauv 168 lub teb chaws. Cov ntawv sau ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob hauv cov koom haum tshawb fawb, Fabkis, Russia, Switzerland. Ntxiv mus, cov tswv yim niaj hnub tso cai rau koj khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog los ntawm txoj kev qub - thaum lub caij muaj kev paub txog digital herbaries. Lawv tau luam theej duab cov duab ntawm cov nplooj ntawv iav nrog cov qauv piv txwv ua piv txwv. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv sau ntau tshaj plaws, tsuas yog tuaj xyuas lub tsev cia puav pheej lossis kev tshawb fawb, ces cov khoom hluav taws xob muaj nyob online.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Ongrutang crochet nrog cov lus piav qhia thiab Schemes: Master chav kawm nrog video
Sau tshuaj ntsuab hauv tsev rau txhua tus, vim tias rau cov hom phiaj no muaj cov ntawv tshwj xeeb, cov kua nplaum, ntawv kom qhuav, cov ntawv sau cia cia. Tab sis los tsim ib qho kev sib sau, nws tsis tas yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv no txhua, nws yog qhov txaus los qhia qee yam kev ua haujlwm thiab muab tso rau hauv kis dab tsi yog coj ntawm tes. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov tswv yim ntawm tus tsim:
Yuav Sau Cov Khoom Siv
Ib txoj kev sib koom tes nrog tus menyuam tom qab cov hnoos qeev hauv hav zoov lossis chaw ua si yuav nqa nyiaj ntau thiab txaus siab. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog lub sijhawm zoo heev kom sov, ua pa ntshiab cua thiab rov ua lub nra ntawm kev paub txog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev ntoo.
Raws li kev sau ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntsuab, koj yuav tsum ua raws cov kev cai hauv qab no:
- Cov khoom sau ntawm cov khoom yog nqa tawm tshwj xeeb rau huab cua qhuav;
- Nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws cov qauv sib ze rau tav su, thaum sawv ntxov lwg yog twb evaporated;
- Nroj tsuag tau muab tshem tawm hauv av kom tag nrho kom txhua feem ntawm nws tuaj yeem raug ntsuas;
- Rau cov ntawv luam loj (ntoo, tsob ntoo), feem ntau cov khoom tau raug xaiv uas yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov qauv;
- Thaum sau ib qho kev sau ua kom tiav, nws yog tas txiav rau hauv rab riam ntse ib feem ntawm txoj kev khiav dim kom cov phiaj yog pom;
- Cov khoom siv tau sau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag, cim tseg ntawm kev puas tsuaj;
- Nco ntsoov npaj phau ntawv sau thiab kov ua ntej taug kev, vim tias tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Herbarium, tab sis kuj yog lawv cov lus piav qhia;
- Rau txhua tus qauv, koj yuav tsum nqa ntau zaus. Yog tias kev sau ua qab qab, koj tuaj yeem sau ntau yam los ntawm ib tsob ntoo hauv cov duab thiab staining lub phaj.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib sau ntawm ob qho tib si tau sau cov nroj tsuag uas sau tau ib qho, piv txwv li, cov neeg sawv cev tshuaj, nroj uas muaj chav nyob, muaj lwm yam.
Kom qhuav nplooj
Qhov yooj yim txoj kev kom qhuav hauv vivo yog suav tias yog kom qhuav ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv. Yog hais tias cov ntoo tsis ntub thiab muaj kua dhau heev, qhov kev xaiv no yog haum zoo kawg nkaus.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob lwj tus nqi sau nyiaj, ua ntej txoj kev nruab nrab ntawm nws cov ntawv thiab cov qauv txheej ntawm cov ntawv.
Cov qauv sau tau muab nyob rau hauv qhov ziab hauv ib txheej. Lawv tau ventilated txhua hnub thiab hloov mus rau lwm nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv kom tsis txhob muaj pwm. Phau ntawv los ntawm saum toj no tuaj yeem nias los ntawm cov xovxwm kom cov qauv tsis ci. Tom qab 5-10 hnub, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim ib qho kev sib sau.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi ua ntej muab daim duab yees duab?
Cov txheej txheem ua kom tiav cov qauv cuam tshuam nrog kev siv hlau. Cov qauv sau tau muab tso rau ntawm ob daim ntawv dawb thiab mob stroke ntawm nruab nrab kub hom. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau qhov tseeb tias qhov kev zoo siab (cov qauv qhuav) yuav plam cov xim ntuj.
Album Tsim
Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj ntsuab mus rau tsev kawm ntawv, koj tuaj yeem siv cov album ib txwm muaj rau kev kos duab, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov quav ntswg tom qab gluing lub expiphet. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau tshuaj ntsuab cais. Rau lawv cov qauv, coj:
- Cov duab dawb dawb daim duab dawb (cov nplooj ntawv muaj sib npaug nrog cov nqi ntawm cov nroj tsuag qhuav);
- Album;
- Strips los ntawm kev zoo nkauj corrugated cardboard 4 los ntawm 12 cm;
- ntau lub xov tooj;
- PVA lo, txiab, xov, qhov nkev.
Cov nplooj tau sau tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub chaw cia khoom. Adhes tus Lamella mus rau daim ntawv sau toj roob hauv pes siv PvA lo.
Cardboard saib xyuas cov kua nplaum thiab lo rau nws cov ntawv album nrog nplooj qhuav.
Txhawm rau kom txuag tau cov qauv thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm hmoov av, siv multifora, txiav rau hauv 2 ntu lossis nyias tracing. Kev tiv thaiv txheej tso rau ntawm daim ntawv, khiav ntawm corrugated cardboard sawb thiab khiav cov qauv tsim nrog lub qhov. Xauv txhua cov ntawv ntawm cov xov tsis tu.
Rau txhua tus qauv, kua nplaum daim ntawv lo rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv qhia txog qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev sau, npe, tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntawv yuav tsum tau xaws ua ke thiab muab cov npog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov duab ua thaum sau thiab kho nyob rau hauv cov yees duab editor nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug collage yog siv.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov nplaub tshev ib txwm, ntxig cov nplooj ntawv iav rau hauv nws.
Kev xaiv txawv txawv
Qee lub sij hawm nthuav tawm cov haujlwm nthuav dav rau kev npaj ntawm kev sau cov nroj tsuag yog pib ua me nyuam ua ntej lawm. Txhawm rau kom tus menyuam nyiam txiav txim siab rau cov tshuaj ntsuab rau qib kindergarten, peb xav kom koj los npaj nws hauv cov txheej txheem zoo heev - pw tsaug zog.
Cov ntawv txheeb ntawm daim ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm ntsev ua khob noom cookie, Plaster. Hauv thawj kis, lub khob noom cookie tau sib xyaw rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia pib: sib tov cov ntsev av thiab hmoov hauv cov dej sib luag, ua tib zoo ua kom pom cov dej yas kom tau.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: ntov crochet qauv rau cov tsho tiv no: schemes nrog cov lus piav qhia thiab video
Dov me me medallions los ntawm lub khob noom cookie. Muab cov nplooj tso rau hauv lawv nrog cov dov dov nrog cov leeg. Thawb cov khob noom cookie ziab, tom qab uas koj tshem tawm cov nplooj thiab xim lub ottis nto.
Qhov thib ob ntawm cov cam khwb cia yog ua los ntawm plaster. Cov txheej txheem no tsis nyuaj, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig yuav yog daim duab zoo nkauj thiab ruaj. Kom nws, koj yuav xav tau:
- Hnab yas;
- Phaj yas;
- Yanineine (koj tuaj yeem laus);
- Gypsum, dej;
- sau nplooj;
- Xim.
Cov txheej txheem yooj yim heev, kev qhia duab yuav tso cai koj pom nws hauv kev nthuav dav.
Thov nco ntsoov tias txoj kev xav yuav tsum tau kos rau koj.
Sau thiab tso kom txog thaum ua tiav kom qhuav.
Peb nqa tawm yas.
Tawm tsam, npog nrog vanish.
Xws li ib lub vaj huam sib luag yuav muab qhov chaw tsim nyog nyob sab hauv thiab yuav dhau los ua tus neeg txaus siab heev ntawm tus menyuam.
Yees duab ntawm lub ncauj lus
Peb thov caw koj kom pom cov yeeb yaj kiab xaiv los ntawm uas koj kawm paub yuav ua li cas ua tshuaj ntsuab nrog koj tus kheej tes.