Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Anonim

Lub Backlight ntawm cov ntaiv hauv tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev siv tau ntawm kev tsim qauv. Nrog kev pab ntawm teeb pom kev zoo, koj tuaj yeem tsis txawv rau sab hauv siv ntau qhov kev pom ntau yam pom. Niaj hnub no muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau kev npaj lub backlight rau stairs, txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm kom xaiv qhov haum tshaj plaws.

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv lub backlight rau cov ntaiv

Ntuj teeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov ntaiv hauv lub tsev tsis yog tig los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm cov kauj ruam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua tau teeb tsa lub staircase kom tau teeb lub backlight nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm LED, neon teeb lossis lwm yam teeb pom kev zoo. Kev teeb tsa tau ua los ntawm qhov dav thiab ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam, raws cov npoo thiab cov ces kaum thiab cov ces kaum lossis saum nthab ncaj qha saum toj. Kuj feem ntau cov kev xaiv no sib txuas nrog txhua lwm yam.

LED Backlighting hauv tsev

Thaum xaiv ib hom teeb pom kev zoo, nws yog tus tsim nyog repelled los ntawm cov lus qhia hauv qab no:

  • Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam txog qhov zoo thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, thiab tsis txhob pov duab ntxoov ntxoo. Txwv tsis pub, tus neeg taug kev tuaj yeem ua ruam thiab poob.
  • Thawj qhov yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab yog tias thaj chaw teeb pom kev zoo yog nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob. Yog li, ntev ntev ntawm tus ntaiv ntawm lub tsev thib ob yog mus, qhov teeb liab ntau yuav tsum poob rau nws.
  • Rau cov ntaiv ntev, hom sib txawv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm cov teeb txawb.
  • Yog tias cov staircase yog ua los ntawm ntoo, ntoo yuav tsum tau impregnated nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kom kub.

Nws tseem tsim nyog rau kev txiav txim siab tag nrho tsim. Ntoo tsim yuav zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog lub teeb daj, thiab nws yog xim hlau - nrog kev teeb pom kev zoo dawb.

Teeb Pom Kev Zoo Hlau Stairs

Lub iav zoo li sib haum xeeb nrog ntau ntxoov ntxoo, yog li cov xim ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo yog xaiv raws cov qauv tsim. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis yog yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov tswv tuaj yeem sim hauv qhov teeb meem no.

Txoj hauv kev kom taws teeb stairs

Hauv ntau lub tsev ntiav, tus qauv tsim ntawm lub hauv paus thib ob ua cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm tag nrho lub tsev. Lub backlight yuav tsum yog ua kom pom tseeb lub teeb, ua rau sab zoo nkauj. Qhov kev suav nrog txhua lub teeb ntawm tus ntaiv lossis hauv nws cov chaw sib cais yog ua haujlwm manually lossis cia li. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, tsis siv neeg tswj kev ua haujlwm yuav yog ib feem ntawm cov ntse hauv tsev lossis ntsia ntxiv.

Tsis siv neeg Backlight

Tsis siv neeg tswj cia kom yooj yim pab txhawb thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm teeb pom kev zoo. Lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob ntse tuaj yeem nruab nrog ntau yam kev tswj khoom siv. Nws tuaj yeem yog:

  • Cov lus tsa suab Sensors. Lub teeb tau li lub teeb kom sai li sai tau thaum ib tug neeg nkag mus hauv chav. Tom qab ib tug neeg sawv los yog nqis lawm, tom qab lub sijhawm ib ntus, lub teeb tawm mus, raws li txoj cai, tom qab 20-30 vib nas this.
  • Timer Time. Tso cai rau koj suav nrog teeb pom kev zoo txhua hnub tib lub sijhawm. Nws tseem yog yooj yim rau cov neeg muaj tibneeg hu tauj coob heev.
  • Ntsaws sensor lossis kov. Lub teeb tig mus rau sab nraud raug cov kauj ruam lossis thaum kov tes mus rau tus ciav hlau.
  • Suab sensor. Tam sim no suav nrog lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov paj rwb lossis lub suab teeb liab.

Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Yuav ua li cas laij cov ntaiv mus rau hauv chav thib ob: Cov Qauv Zoo

Qhov tseeb thiab xav tias yog teeb tsa ntawm lub backlight yuav ua kom muaj zog thiab kev lag luam siv hluav taws xob.

LED Backlight nrog Suab Sensor

Wireless thiab li qub network backlight

Txog rau hnub tim, tsis yog cov koom tes nrog network, tab sis kuj siv rau cov qauv tsim thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub tsev, tau ua kom pom cov ntaiv.

Wireless

Muab los ntawm Autonomous Fais fab thiab yog cov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws yooj yim thiab kev nyab xeeb. Raws li txoj cai, xws li lub system ntse muaj ob peb cov lus tsa suab thiab teeb pom kev zoo - 4 pcs. Thiab ntau dua, nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm staircase.

Cov cuab yeej siv puas tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv ib qho zaus thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev cai ntxiv. Modules ua haujlwm los ntawm cov roj teeb zoo tib yam.

Wireless Backlight Cov Khoom Siv rau Stairair

Wireless hom teeb pom kev zoo muaj ntau yam zoo, tshwj xeeb:

  • Kev tsis pub lwm tus yuav tsum tau muaj teeb pom kev zoo;
  • Autonom niam uas tso cai siv hluav taws xob;
  • Lub peev xwm siv thaum lub zog tau raug kaw hauv tsev ntiag tug;
  • Ua rau lub teeb pom kev zoo suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tsuas yog nyob hauv qhov tsaus ntuj;
  • Yooj yim rau nruab txhua ntu uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse;
  • Txhim kho yog nqa tawm yam tsis muaj qhov xav tau laum cov phab ntsa thiab qab nthab.

Thaum lub teeb pom kev zoo raug teeb tsa, nws tseem tsim nyog xav txog qib siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg. Cov khoom siv wireless tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb overheating, uas txo rau xoom uas muaj hluav taws.

Wireless Teeb Pom Kev Zoo Stairs

Backlight los ntawm lub network

Cable hlau yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis, yog li cov txheej txheem ua ib qho kev paub thiab kev txawj. Raws li txoj cai, lub installation ntawm cov cheebtsam ntawm lub system yog nqa tawm los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Qhov kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm xav tau cov nqi uas tsim nyog. Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv teeb ncaj qha, koj yuav tsum yuav ntau cov xov hlau, cov suab paj nruag, nrog kev hloov tsheb-ntawm hom - Relays, fais fab khoom thiab lwm yam khoom.

Hom teeb pom kev zoo thiab qhov chaw ntawm lawv kev teeb tsa

Lub Backlight ntawm tus ntaiv thiab cov qauv tsim rau hauv lub tsev thib ob li tag nrho yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov qauv tsim ntawm cov ntaiv. Yog li ntawd, kev teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv txawm tias thaum npaj phiaj xwm ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug.

LED Ribbons thiab cov leeg

LED ribbons muaj cov ntawv txhuas ntawm cov teeb tau muab tso rau. Cov cuab yeej muaj cov xim sib txawv, uas yuav tso cai rau koj xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem tshaj plaws rau hom ntaiv lossis sab hauv.

LED Sawb Teeb

LED Backlight ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom lub ntsej muag ntawm txhua kauj ruam nyias nyias. Lub scattering lub teeb tsim cov chaw ua vaj tse hauv tsev yooj yim, sau chav nrog sov sov thiab xis nyob.

LED Backlighting Stairs

Neon cov ntsiab lus muaj ntawm lub raj elastic nyob rau hauv uas lub cable yog ntsia. Lub teeb muaj peev xwm qhia tau los ntawm 360 degrees.

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Taw tes teeb pom kev

Cov ntsiab lus taw qhia muab cov khoom sib txuam ntawm lub teeb hauv chav. Cov kev pabcuam lub neej yog ntev heev, tab sis cov seev yog rhuab thaum ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, lub teeb yuav tsum tsis txhob sib cuag nrog lwm yam khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev sib txawv hauv cov teeb tsa Network hauv cov khoom siv, lawv hlawv tawm, uas ua rau nyiaj txiag ntxiv. Cov nroog Yeiuxalees loj yuav raug suav hais txog qeb ntawm cov tshwm sim uas koj nyiam txhua tus neeg. Yog tias koj yog tus hlub porn thiab txias lub nroog Yeiuxalees, tom qab ntawd tsis txhob ua siab deb thiab mus rau ntawm qhov txuas.

Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Yuav ua li cas ua staircase nrog koj tus kheej tes: Xaiv hom kev tsim kho, kev xam ntawm cov ntsuas thiab kev teeb tsa

Taw tes rau ntawm theem ntaiv

Phab ntsa bras

Teeb pom kev zoo nrog phab ntsa braids yog suav hais tias feem ntau. Muaj ntau hom qauv:

  • Qaub chaw yog tsau nrog sab nraum qab ntawm phab ntsa;
  • Sconium nrog lub bracket, uas tso cai teeb liab ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm phab ntsa;
  • Lub teeb, ua rau hauv lub phab ntsa - yuav tsum muaj lub mounting tob tob tsawg kawg 4 cm.

Feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv cov phab ntsa cuav, plasterboard partitions.

Teeb pom kev zoo nrog nres

Lighting ntaiv Lesry

Qhov kev xaiv tsis yog tus qauv tau txiav txim siab siv phab ntsa chandelier rau cov ceg ntoo. Nyiam dua, xws li tsim qauv no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsev so lossis cov cuab yeej loj. Cov roj loj loj yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob hauv qhov ntev.

Lub chandelier yog cuam tshuam nrog lub qab nthab siab thiab tus qauv tsim sab hauv.

Lighting ntaiv Lesry

Ua ke xaiv teeb pom kev zoo

Raws li cov ntaiv cov tsis tau, qhov teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem ua thiab ua ke. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zam rau niaj hnub sab hauv zoo li kev sib xyaw ntawm phab ntsa, qab nthab thiab ua-teeb pom kev zoo.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom them sai sai rau qhov tseeb uas txawj xav tsim-hauv lossis phab ntsa teeb hluav taws xob hloov cov geometry ntawm qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, thaum lub teeb tau hais kom ncaj, koj tuaj yeem visually nce qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab.

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Illumination ntawm tus ntaiv ua koj tus kheej (kev qhia)

Zoo nkauj qub thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkaus li zoo saib backlighting tus ntaiv tau. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim ua tus yuam sij kom xis nyob, hloov mus rau sab hauv. Cov khoom siv raug muag tag nrho, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv muaj kev paub theem pib, koj tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke nrog koj tus kheej tes.

Zoo li ib txwm

Txhawm rau yooj yim backlighting los ntawm lub network, yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau hloov. Sab npoo lossis theem tau nruab nrog lub libbon LED Ribbon. Lub system pib nrog lub pob nyob ntawm phab ntsa. Ua haujlwm, koj yuav xav tau ib qho profile txhuas, cov hlau pov tseg, ib tus pas ntsuas lossis cov tawv nqaij lossis cov ntsia hlau tus kheej, laum thiab cov ntswj.

Txhawm rau ua kom pom cov ntsej muag ntawm lub nraub qaum kom zoo nkauj dua thiab zais cov ntaub nplaum LED, kuj tau txais cov plinth yas los zais cov xaim.

Yas Plinth rau Nkev LED Ribbon

Cov txheej txheem ntawm LED Backlight ntaus ntawv los ntawm lub hwj chim sib tw yog raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Ntawm txhua kauj ruam ntawm tus ntaiv lossis ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm phab ntsa thiab cov kauj ruam koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib qho profile uas yog tsau siv rau kev kuaj tus kheej.
  2. Cov ntaub ntawv ntsia yuav tsum yog deguted. Rau lub hom phiaj no, dej cawv, dawb ntsuj plig lossis lwm txoj kev yog siv.
  3. Cov kab xev LED yuav tsum tau txiav mus rau hauv ntu, qhov ntev ntawm uas sib raug rau qhov dav ntawm cov kauj ruam, tuaj yeem ua los ntawm 5-8 cm tsawg.
  4. Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv tau muab tshem tawm ntawm daim kab xev, cov ntsiab lus tiav yog glued rau qhov profile ntsia ua ntej.
  5. Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum tau muab cov kev sib ze rau cov coj. Qhov no yog ua rau ob tog ntawm cov tapes, tus neeg sib cuag heev tau txuas nrog tag nrho cov electrocabyl.
  6. Nws tseem nyob tsuas yog txuas rau tus maub los thiab khoom siv fais fab, pib lub kaw lus. Txhawm rau zais cov ntaub nplaum LED, cov yas plinth tuaj yeem nruab rau ntawm qhov profile.

Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: ntaiv nyob rau hauv lub nthab: Dab tsi zoo dua los xaiv thiab yuav ua li cas nruab koj tus kheej?

Daim duab hauv qab no qhia cov duab kos yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas rau Bu Backlight rau ib-theem ntaiv.

Daim duab ntawm kev sib txuas LED Backlight ntawm tus ntaiv

Ntawm Video: Yuav ua li cas thiab yuav txuas lub LED Ribbon.

Nws ua nws xwb

Cov phiaj xwm yog ua raws cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sensor thiab tus maub los (tsuas yog siv lub arduino / Arduino). Sensors raug teeb tsa ncaj qha rau hauv qab no thiab sab saud, thiab thaum tsiv tsev, tus coj tswj tau.

Yuav kom sib sau ua ke rau lub zog tsis siv neeg, koj yuav tsum yuav cov hauv qab no:

  • Tus maub los yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem, haum rau feem ntau cov ntaiv;
  • Board nrog schemes yuav tsum tau los nruab tus maub los;
  • Tus tsav tsheb coj - ib microcircuit txuas nrog cov zis ntawm cov maub los;
  • Lub sensors sensors - lawv yuav hnov ​​mob txav mus;
  • Ib daim photocell uas tau teeb tsa kom lub teeb tsis tig rau nruab hnub;
  • Kuj yuav tsum tau cov xov hlau rau txuas thiab txuas tag nrho cov khoom siv.

Tsis Siv Neeg LED Backlight Rau Stairs

Ua ntej kev txhim kho, koj yuav tsum sib sau ua ke cov txheej txheem thiab khiav hauv hom kev sim kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom siv nyob hauv daim foos ua haujlwm. Rau qhov no koj xav tau:

  1. Txuas cov maub los txuas rau lub khoos phis tawm thiab rub tawm cov cai tswj.
  2. Txhim kho cov maub los ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, txuas rau tus coj Led thiab txuas rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim kab xev.
  3. Ua kom ob qho kev tawm ntxiv rau sensors lub luag haujlwm rau hloov ntawm lub teeb.

Ntxiv rau cov lus saum toj no, nws tseem pom zoo kom nruab qhov hloov pauv uas tso cai rau koj tua cov kab ke lossis hloov mus rau hom tas li.

Ntawm Video: Ntse Backlighting Stairs - yuav ua li cas nws ua haujlwm.

Tom qab sib dhos lub kaw lus pib lub installation. Tsis Siv Neeg LED Backlight Arduino Lwj yog mounted nyob rau hauv cov kev txiav txim hauv qab no:

  1. Los ntawm cov tapes raug txiav tawm cov naj npawb uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov tawg.
  2. Ribbons ntawm qhov xaus raug kaw nrog cov txuas tshwj xeeb.
  3. Tom qab degreasing kauj ruam, LED ribbons yog glued nrog acetone.
  4. Rov qab hauv qab thiab cov kauj ruam sab saud, qhov ua rau cov peales yog nruab thiab kov sensors yog noj.
  5. Cov xaim hluav taws xob los ntawm cov sensors yog tsim raws cov strokes hauv qab cov kauj ruam, thiab cable-channel cable yog mounted ntawm tus koser.
  6. Txoj kev tswj lub thawv yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw kaw, feem ntau hauv qab ntaiv.
  7. Cov neeg saib xyuas tau txuas nrog, tom qab uas lub cable txuas nrog lub txuas ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Tom qab kuaj xyuas, yog tias tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis raug tshuaj xyuas, cov kab ke no pib ntawm hom haujlwm ua haujlwm tas mus li.

Ntawm Video: Mounting cov txheej txheem thiab txuas lub hleb tsis siv neeg Backlight of Stairs.

Tom qab tshuaj xyuas txoj hauv kev los npaj cov ntaiv thiab paub tias hom teeb pom kev zoo nws yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev txhim kho koj tus kheej. Kuj tseem yuav tsum tau sau cov npe uas tsim nyog thiab cov khoom siv siv.

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tsis siv neeg LED Backlighest cov kauj ruam (2 video)

Ua haujlwm thiab dai kom zoo nkauj (58 duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau lub teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv tsev thiab xaiv cov qauv (+58 cov duab)

Nyeem ntxiv