Masters thiab CraftSwomen uas hlub tsis tsuas yog ua ib yam dab tsi nrog lawv tus kheej tes, tab sis kuj nicely Haus dej tshuaj yej, nws tsim nyog sim ua cov pleev pleev cov tais. Chav kawm ntawv muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau kev pleev xim rau cov duab kos, thiab tseem tham txog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub tais. Cov tais luam tau tuaj yeem yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj hauv chav ua noj thiab nyob rau lub rooj noj mov. Nws tsis tas pleev xim rau hauv cov tsoos style. Lub tais tuaj yeem kho tus sau daim duab, uas tus tswv yuav ua rau nws "tseem ceeb" thiab yog qhov muag tau tus kheej.
Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov duab pleev xim yog ua rau cov tais hlau ncig lossis duab plaub uas tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw muag khoom lag luam. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov tais thiab los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawm tus cracker koj tuaj yeem kho cov tawv nqaij qub lossis daim ntawv ci.
Ntau yam kev txawj
Hom kev pleev xim yog nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm keeb kwm. Hauv txhua lub nroog thiab hauv txhua lub xeev ntawm tus tswv thiab kws tsim duab pleev xim cov tais diav thiab lwm yam tais diav hauv nws tus kheej, tsim ib daim ntawv me me, ua rau ib qho kev sau ntawv. Ceeb toom cov yam ntxwv hauv cov xim thiab cov ntaub ntawv, koj tuaj yeem rov ua cov masters ib qho kev pleev xim ib txwm muaj.
Yog tias peb tham txog cov tais, tom qab ntawd, tej zaum, thawj zaug los rau hauv siab Zhostovskaya pleev xim los ntawm lub zos ntawm zhostov, nyob hauv thaj av Moscow. Rame zhostovsky cov tais tau txais nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIX, thaum cov tub lag luam, thiab paub, thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm Russia tau pib haus tshuaj yej. Cov tais nrog Lush petals thiab nplooj rau ntawm ib qho dub dhau los ua qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm ntau lub tsev muaj cov dej haus uas tau npaj. Kev lig kev cai, kev pleev xim yog thov rau cov roj pleev xim rau cov tais los ntawm tin.
Zhostovsky yog tus tswv yog tus tswv ural artisans uas tau pib pleev xim cov tais hauv lub xyoo pua XVIII. Lub Nizhny Tagil Painting yog paub deb dhau Russia thiab yog suav tias yog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm zhostovskaya. Ural masters tsis tsuas yog pleev xim cov tais, tab sis kuj ua rau lawv, muab ntau hom ntawv. Raws li txoj cai, cov tais tau muaj cov nplaim tawg (paj, berries, nplooj, nplooj ntoos, nrog rau cov duab rau epics thiab cov lus dab neeg.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: Txiv mab txiv ntoo ncuav mog qab zib - Fetra Box
Moscow painting tshwm nyob rau thaum pib ntawm XIX xyoo pua. Nws yog qhov sib txawv los ntawm cov ntawv pleev ib txwm muaj ib txwm muaj. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov palette loj ntawm cov xim tha xim, tsim ntau yam kev ua si, hloov thiab dimming. Cov masters piav qhia txog cov paj, nplooj, noog thiab ua hauj lwm tag nrho.
Ci thiab muaj kuab heev, uas txawm tias menyuam yaus paub, yog hu ua chokhloma. Thaum twg thiab qhov twg cov duab kos no "hauv qab", cov kws sau keeb kwm tsis tuaj yeem hu kom deb li deb. Nws yog kwv yees tias nws lub teb chaws yog Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam, uas yog lub nroog semenov, uas nyob hauv lub xyoo pua XVII yog kev sib hais ntawm cov neeg ntseeg qub. Tej zaum, nws yog cov lus los ntawm lub zos no uas tau los ua thawj khokhloma masters.
Khokhloma attracts nrog nws ci ci thiab pomp. Txog kev pleev xim, xim yog siv kub, dub, xim liab thiab xim daj, ib qho ntawm uas tuaj yeem yog lub ntsiab, keeb kwm yav dhau los. Nws tseem qee zaum siv cov xim ntsuab rau cov duab ntawm nplooj.
Mus rau zaj lus qhia
Cov duab kos ntawm cov tais diav yog feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov roj lossis cov xim acrylic. Masters ntawm Zhostovsky Xim Siv cov roj pleev xim diluted nrog flax roj thiab turbidar rau lawv cov haujlwm.
Acrylic kuj tseem siv tau, tab sis hais tias lub tais ntawm glitter yog tsis wiped rau hauv kev ua kom tiav yuav tsum tau coated nrog kev ua tiav nrog cov kua roj varsy hauv ob peb txheej.
Ntxiv nrog rau xim, koj kuj tseem xav tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej no:
- Hlau los yog ntoo tais;
- ntuj txhuam ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv (dav, tiaj, nyias);
- JAR nrog cov xim daj kub (gilding);
- kua roj vanish;
- craquelure;
- kua rau degreasing chaw;
- Sandpapy thiab primer rau cov tais ntoo;
- khaub hlab.
Txiav txim siab zuj zus yuav ua li cas koj tuaj yeem pleev cov tais:
- Kev npaj. Yog tias muaj lub tais ntawm cov ntaub, nws yuav tsum tau ntxhua khaub ncaws los ntawm kev ua qias tuaj thiab xeb, so cov kua dej. Yog tias nws yog ntoo ntoo, ces nws yuav tsum tau xuab zeb kom tshem tau cov tsis xwm yeem thiab kev ntxhib, thiab npog the daim pib.
Cov tais tsis muaj xim nws yog qhov tsim nyog los pleev xim pleev xim (piv txwv li, dub), uas yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau. Cov xim tom qab tuaj yeem yog nyob ntawm cov qauv xim, ntxiv rau ntawm tus sau lub tswv yim.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Weaving cov txheej txheem los ntawm hlaws caj dab caj dab "mis nyuj cholate"
- Teeb duab kos duab. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ob txoj kev: txhawm rau thov cov contours ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos lossis ua kom tau txais kev ceev faj.
Cov duab kos tau tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov qauv lossis los ntawm txhais tes siv xaum. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ntawm kab ntoo kab yuav pom kom pom meej meej, tom qab ntawd ntawm cov tais dub yuav yog NW nyuam qhuav tsuj. Yog vim li cas nws yog qhov zoo dua los pib ua haujlwm ib zaug nrog cov xim tha xim. Yog tias tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab rau kev kos duab, tom qab pib nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyaum ntawm daim ntawv gouache.
Zamilevka cov txheej txheem yog siv rau kev pleev xim los ntawm zhostovsky masters. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov xim pleev xim ncaj qha rau lub tais uas tsis muaj kev kos duab ua ntej. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog daim duab kos: tus txhuam hniav dav thiab nrhiav txhua cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - xim thiab nplooj. Zamilevka, raws li txoj cai, yog tsim los ntawm lub teeb xim av (Belil ntxiv) kom koj tuaj yeem muab cov khoom tsim nyog xim thiab muaj kev ruaj ntseg.
Txhawm rau xaiv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab ntxoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov xim ntawm ob ntxoov (lub teeb thiab tsaus nti) dav txhuam. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem pleev xim lub tais hauv zhostovsky style, xws li cov poppies zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, raws li nyob rau hauv cov duab hauv qab no.
- Teeb duab me me thiab ntxoov ntxoo lossis chaw nres tsheb. Ua li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev siv cov ntxaij vab tshaus tsis txhuam thiab nyias nyias. Daim duab nyob ntawm cov xaiv xaiv thiab tuaj yeem ua nrog cov xim tsaus lossis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub teeb. Zhostovsky paj "ci", uas yog, yog ua tiav los ntawm cov xim xim dawb nrog cov tshuaj pleev xim dav. Nyob rau hauv Moscow Painting, ntxoov ntxoo yog superimposed thiab cov kab me me thiab cov ntsiab lus yog kos. Qib ntawm kos duab nyob ntawm "qhov tob" thiab kev qhia ntawm lub tais.
Tsis tas li, yog tias tsim nyog, ua kom hloov maj mam los ntawm sab ntawm lub tais. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws yog ua golden lossis xim xim.
- Kom qhuav painting. Feem ntau, cov khoom yog sab laug hauv qhov chaw txias rau 24 teev. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau qhuav los ntawm ib txoj kev ntuj ntuj yam tsis siv cov tshuab ziab plaub hau thiab lwm txoj kev.
- Laccurate. Ib lub tais hauv ob peb txheej yog txawv. Ua ntej, nws yuav pab rau qib kev tha xim thiab muab nws lub teeb ci, cov kua roj vanish yuav tiv thaiv cov xim ntawm kev laus thiab kev siv tshuab.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ntsiab lus: Popertol: Master chav kawm nrog cov duab ntawm cov haujlwm tiav thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab
Daim duab pleev xim rau ntawm cov ntoo ntoo tuaj yeem them nrog cov zaub vanish varnish muab rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev qub thiab kev nplij siab, xws li hauv daim duab hauv qab no:
Nyob ntawm kev xaiv cov duab kos duab, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov tais zoo nkauj thiab qub uas yuav xis nyob hauv txhua cov tshuaj yej tog.
Yees duab ntawm lub ncauj lus
Nyeem ntxiv txog cov duab kos ntawm cov tais tuaj yeem pom hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab no.