Gost txheeb ze rau cov pob hlau hluav taws, cov cai rau lawv thiab cov kev ua haujlwm.
Dab tsi yuav tsum gost?
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim khoom, cov khoom ntiag tug thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj vim tias hluav taws kub, ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws kub sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsis yog txiav tawm qhov kub thiab txias heev, tab sis kuj ua raws li txhua yam thiab kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau ua. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua tus neeg tsim lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm kom ze rau kev ua tiav ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, uas koj yuav tsum paub txog qhov twg tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txais qhov rooj hluav taws. Nws yog hais txog nws uas yuav pom.
Feem ntau, cov rooj hlau nrog hluav taws kub tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa rau cov tso zis tso tseg. Raws li GOST tam sim no 31173-2003, lawv yuav tsum muaj xauv, tab sis, tib lub sijhawm, nws yooj yim los qhia. Gost li ntawd cov tshuaj tua hluav taws ua cov pob zeb hluav taws hauv qhov chaw uas txawm tias menyuam yaus tuaj yeem coj mus cuag lawv yog tias tsim nyog. Xav txog qhov tseeb tias thaum hluav taws kub tau tshwm sim, lub qhov rooj qhib rau ntawm lub qhov rooj, lossis tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj qhib nrog nruab nrab barbell, ua kom lub zog tsawg kawg nkaus uas yog tsim nyog rau kev qhib.
Raws li rau lub qhov rooj qhib nws tus kheej, nws yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm tawm ntawm cov zis rau qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txuag tau zoo. Nws yog li koj tuaj yeem txo qis kev txuam nrog ntau ntawm cov neeg ncaj qha ntawm kev tawm.
Saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov khoom siv rau kev ua tiav. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai tsam cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm hluav taws, melting thiab txhua qhov fuss ntau.
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim uas tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm cov nuances saum toj no, nws yuav yog qhov tsis zoo rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg. Yog tias tag nrho cov cai thiab cov cai uas Gost 3117-2003 cov kws sau npe tau raug saib xyuas txhua tus, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau lwm tus lub neej.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus no: Tshem tawm lub rooj zaum ua koj tus kheej
Yog tias koj mob siab rau cov kev xav tau uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau hluav taws kub, thiab vim li cas los xij, rau kev lag luam tua hluav taws, tom qab ntawd lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb yuav luag zoo ib yam.
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub qhov rooj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov nyhuv ntawm hluav taws ncaj qha kom ntev li ntev tau, tab sis nws tsis yaj thiab tsis deform;
- tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide;
- Yooj yim qhib.
Cov Nta Ntawm Ntau Lawm
Raws li GOST 31173-2003, rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws, nws raug tso cai rau cov khoom hluav taws, txawm tias hauv qab hluav taws ncaj. Cov kev xav tau zoo sib xws tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg siv khoom. Ntawm lwm yam, cov leeg, cov fittings, xauv thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg thermal thermality. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv yuav khaws lub cev muaj hluav taws xob ncaj qha rau sab nraum zoov thiab yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thaum sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij. Kev ua kom zoo nkauj ua tiav yog qhov tsis tuaj.
Raws li rau sab nrauv sab nrauv ua tiav, nws muaj peev xwm siv tsuas yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov xim duab uas muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau lub qhov rooj.
Raws li cov cai saum toj no, daim ntawv tso cai uas tso cai ua cov qhov rooj hluav taws kub, tsis yog txhua tus tuam ntxhab muaj. Lub ntsiab mob rau tau txais nws yog qhov muaj ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev muab cov khoom lag luam uas tsim nyog.
Qhov twg yog cov nplaim hluav taws?
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias kev tsim cov khoom tua hluav taws-tua hluav taws yuav tsum siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lawv tus kheej yog txaus siv tau.
Raws li txoj cai, cov rooj no tuaj yeem ntsia tau vim yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, lossis thaj chaw tsim khoom, cov thawv rau lwm tus, nrog rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb.
Qhov tseeb, daim ntawv no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv yuav luag tsis tu ncua, qhov chaw sib tua hluav taws yog ntsia hauv thaj chaw uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov qhov rooj hluav taws
Kev Siv Lub Qhov Rooj Hluav Taws
Raws li GOST 31172-2003, 2 hom nta tau txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them:
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham txog cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, tsim cov qhov rooj hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, uas yog, muaj daim ntawv tso cai. Ib qho ntxiv, txhua lub qhov rooj yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj zoo thiab daim ntawv hla tebchaws tseem ceeb, uas cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas kub.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: Yuav ua li cas dai pob kws rau cov kab hlau rhuav: Cov lus qhia teeb tsa
Yog tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kawm GOST 31172-2003 tau sau tseg ntau, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias txhua qhov hluav taws kub sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum muaj qhov pom tseeb. Xav txog lawv hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv:
| Yuav tsum ua cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub qhov rooj hluav taws | Tsab ntawv |
| Tsis muaj los ntawm qhov thiab tawg | Xyuas nws yog yooj yim txaus. Koj tuaj yeem muab lub teeb sib txawv hauv chav nyob ze. Yog tias cov lumens pom, nws txhais tau tias lub qhov rooj muaj qhov zoo thiab nws qhov zoo tsis tau txuas ntxiv rau ib qho uas yuav tsum ua raws li Gost |
| Koj yuav tsum them sai sai rau lub foob, uas hla ib puag ncig ntawm puag ncig ntawm lub thawv thiab cov hlau hlau cannol | Lub foob uas yuav tsum tsis txawm tias muaj cov kab nrib pleb me me, thiab mus rau tus kov kom yog tus feem ntau clasce |
| Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua si los ntawm qhov muag muag ntawm qhov ze dua | Rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xis siv, qhov ze dua yuav tsum txav kom zoo li du heev, tab sis tsis tas yuav muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm |
| Them sai sai rau cov canopies | Raws li kev xyaum qhia, ntau tus tuam txhab nruab cov nplooj ntxaij, tab sis lawv tsis nco qab tias hauv cov khoom tshiab muaj tsis yog ib txwm siv roj nplua nyeem. Ntawm lwm yam, xav txog cov kev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub qhov rooj hlau nws tus kheej, yuav tsum muaj rau cov tsiaj txhu cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv, uas yog, tiv thaiv ntau dua qhov kub |
| Xauv Mechanism | Nws yog nruj me ntsis tsis tso cai txawm tias lub ntsws "snacking" hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm kom yooj yim thiab tsis xav tau kev rau siab zoo thaum qhib thiab kaw. Txwv tsis pub, nws tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg. |
Dab tsi yog GOST R 53307-2009?
rau chaw ua haujlwm
GOST R 53307-2009 yog siv thaum kuaj cov pas ntsuas hluav taws hlau. Nws yog tus uas lav tau tias cov khoom sib raug zoo thiab muaj peev xwm tswj hwm tsis yog tsuas yog tus neeg lub neej.
Rau cov khoom lag luam uas tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kom tsim nyog thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog, muaj qee lub qhov rooj hluav taws kub ua haujlwm, muaj tsev nyob ntiag tug, ib yam li cov lag luam loj. Ntawm lwm yam, raws li GOST R 53307-2009, txhua yam khoom muaj cov cwj pwm hauv qab no.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: Formwork rau lub hauv paus: Yuav ua li cas ua thiab nruab + txoj hauv kev kom txuag tau
Kuj yuav tsum tau nce siab heev los ntawm kev siv cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qab plaub ua ke ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas nyob hauv nws tus kheej thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub;
Siv raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb siab, cov hlau kub-resistant. Nws muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv cov nyhuv ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws ncaj qha rau lub sijhawm ntev heev, thaum tsis muaj melting thiab deformation;
Nyob rau hauv raws li GOST R 53307-2009, ib qho kub kub-resistant daim kab xev yuav tsum muaj raws cov contour ntawm Hlau Hluav Taws. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tias thaum muaj hluav taws thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, daim kab xev pib nthuav dav, txhaws rau txhua qhov txav. Ua tsaug rau cov yeeb yaj kiab no, pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov pa luam yeeb yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv lub qhov rooj, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi hem lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Ntawm lwm yam, cov pa luam yeeb caustic thiab soot yuav tsis puas cov cuab yeej, npog nws nrog ib txheej ntawm cov khoom tsw qab los yog tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw zoo ntawm Gary.
Dab tsi yuav yog xim hlau hluav taws?
Hauv khw
Txog rau hnub tim, tsis muaj kev txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov duab, loj lossis xim ntawm cov qhov rooj hluav taws. Qhov tseeb, nws tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv txhua cov xim thiab muaj ib qho, suav nrog daim ntawv tsis yog.
Raws li rau kev txwv ntawm hluav taws tsis kam, nws feem ntau tau txawv ntawm 30 feeb txog ob peb teev. Rau feem ntau ntawm feem ntau, qhov ntsuas no ncaj qha yog nyob ntawm cov kev ntsuas tsis zoo li cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau thiab nws cov tuab yaj kiab, nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej thaum cov nplaim hluav taws hlau kaw rau hauv cov tsev ntiav ntiav, daab, lossis kev ua haujlwm me me. Ntawm lwm yam, kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yuav tsum sau cov teeb meem ntawm cov chaw refractory xws li thaj chaw:
- Hluav taws xob chav;
- Nyob sab hauv tsev uas cov roj boalers yog cua sov;
- Nyob hauv tsev qhov twg diesel lossis roj av tshuab hluav taws xob yog nyob,
Raws li zoo li lwm cov cuab yeej siv peev xwm, thaum muaj kev phem loj, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov cuab yeej thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg.