Txhim khu kev qha Foundation xav kom muaj txhua yam tsis muaj kev zam. Thiab ib qho ntawm feem ntau txhim khu kev qha thiab paub tias kev siv tawv. Tab sis cov monolithic siv lub hauv paus siv tau ntev: tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos ntawm cov formwork nplooj los ntawm peb hnub, ces pob zeb thiab tos ob peb hnub kom txog thaum nws nce ib nrab ntawm lub zog. Nws yuav siv sijhawm tsawg kawg yog ob lossis peb lub lis piam. Zoo, yog tias muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm, thiab yog tias nws tsis yog? Muaj ib txoj kev tawm: cov neeg ntse tuaj nrog ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm hloov mus rau kev lag luam - muaj cov pob zeb ua haujlwm - FBS. Ntawm cov no, lub hauv paus yog nrhiav, uas yog hu ua - txoj siv band. Lub hauv paus ntawm FBS yog yooj yim los ua kom koj tus kheej.
Thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis, lub hauv paus yog sau los ntawm kev txhawb nqa qhob ntawm ntau hom thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Yog li ntawd, nws feem ntau hu ua block lossis pab pawg. Txhua yam no yog tib hom.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntxiv ntawm kev sau siv lub hauv paus siv los ntawm FBS yog cov khoom siv me me ntawm lub sijhawm uas tsim nyog rau nws cov khoom lag luam. Cov los ua ke yuav siv sijhawm li ob peb hnub xwb.
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb: Nws tsis yog monolithic, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov ua tau kom muab nws txhua qhov chaw thiab tsis tas li. Nquag muaj prefabricated ribbons los ntawm cov blocks ntawm qhuav, tsis muaj inclined rau taum taum. Nyob rau lwm cov xwm txheej, yuav tsum muaj kev suav, thiab zoo dua - kev tshaj lij.
Ntaus Ntawv Thaiv Ze
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov chaw ua haujlwm prefabricated yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib hydroizing thiab insulated. Nws tseem tsim nyog ua kom sov so. Cov no yog cov kev cai tsim nyog rau lawv txoj haujlwm ib txwm ua.
Yog tias peb piv cov Ribbon monolithic thiab thaiv lub hauv paus, tom qab ntawd xws li cov duab pom:
- Monolithic yog tsim tau ntev, thaiv - sai.
- Lub monolithic Ribbon tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis tau xauj cov khoom tshwj xeeb (txawm hais tias nws yog qhov nyuaj ua yam tsis muaj kev txiav txim ntawm pob zeb). Txhawm rau sau lub hauv paus ntawm FBS nrog lawv tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau xauj lub crane, lossis tsawg kawg yog winch.
- Yog tias koj ua monolithic foundation koj tus kheej, nws raug nqi nws pheej yig dua block. Yog tias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntiav lossis cov lag luam ua haujlwm, nws yuav raug nqi, es kim, cov ntim ntau dua: Cov khoom siv tau ntau dua, thiab cov no yog cov nqi ntau ntxiv.
- Monolith yog qhov ruaj khov dua li pawg neeg thoob tebchaws. Lub zog yog li 20-30% siab dua. Qhov no tso cai rau nws siv cov pob zeb monolithic rau loam thiab av nplaum.
Muaj ntau yam kev hwm, lub monolithic daim kab xev yeej. Tab sis yog tias nws lub zog thiab kev ntseeg tau yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv kev thov, ces nws chaw tsim khoom tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis muaj sijhawm. Thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, qhov no tseem yog cov khib nyiab. Vim hais tias cov av muaj lub peev xwm nqa tau, thiab cov dej hauv av tsis ze dua 2 metres los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau tob ntawm lub hauv paus, nws ua rau kev nkag siab muab lub tsev rau lub hauv paus hauv lub teb chaws.
Lub hauv paus blocks: hom, qhov ntev, cim
Hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug, ntau hom blocks yog thov. Rau cov cuab yeej ntawm cov kab xev hwm hwm feem ntau siv tsuas yog ob hom:
- FBS yog chav ua haujlwm. Kev tsim kho. Thaum lawv hais txog xws li kev thaiv ntawm thaiv, nws yog implied, txhawb pob zeb (nrog kev txhawb nqa) lub caij tsis muaj voids. Cov no yog cov nyias nyias muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, muaj Mounting Steel loops ntawm sab saud. Qee lub sij hawm nyob rau sab ntawm ob sab, ntsug raws yog moulded, uas yog dej nyab nrog kev daws teeb meem. Ntawm cov blocks, lub hauv paus Ribbon yog tais.
- FL - tog hauv ncoo thaiv. Muaj hom ntawm trapezium. Nyob rau hauv av npaj thiab pab kom nce cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus.
Cov hom ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv uas yuav xav tau rau kev sau ntawm txoj siv sia
Thaum muab txoj siv hluav taws xob siv tawv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov kev sib tw rau kev tso tawm thiab sau ua ntej engineering system: dej khoom, hluav taws xob, cua sov. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov chaw dim pa thiab tawm ntawm lub qhov nyob hauv qab cov khoom kom ua kom lub qhov chaw nyob hauv av lossis hauv qab daus. Rau qhov no, thaiv nrog cov channel rau kev tso kev sib txuas lus tuaj yeem pab tau: FBB.
Qhov ntev thiab cov hom kev thaiv yog tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 13579-78. Rau tus tsim tawm ntiag tug, qhov loj me thiab tus yam ntxwv ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia ib feem ntawm tus qauv uas cov hom thiab thaiv ntau thiab tsawg yog txiav txim siab.
Raug los ntawm gost, li qub qhov loj me ntawm lub hauv paus blocks
Cim raws GOST
Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb, hauv cov npe ntawm cov blocks tib Gost muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv qhov loj me thiab hom.
Thawj hais lus. Tom ntej - cov nuj nqis piav qhia txog geometry hauv decimeters;.
- Ua ntej - ntev (9, 12,24);
- Qhov thib ob (los ntawm kev khiav ceev lossis taw tes) yog qhov dav (3,4,5,6);
- Peb - Qhov siab (3.6);
Cim ntawm qhob lub hauv paus blocks
Yog tias muaj qhov ntev thiab qhov dav, FBS qhov siab feem ntau yog 580 hli (hauv daim ntawv lo "6"). Ua cov blocks nrog qhov siab ntawm 280 hli tuaj yeem nyob hauv qab kev txiav txim.
Tom ntej no, tom qab cov duab muaj ib qho qauv sau ntawv ntawm hom qhob:
- T yog hnyav (xis mas-xuab zeb sib tov nrog rubble). Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntom ntom chav nyob. Hom no yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus.
- P - ntxeem tau nrog aggregate ntawm ceramzitobetone. Muaj qhov hnyav me dua, tab sis kuj muaj zog dua, kuj ntau helgroscopic.
- C - Los ntawm silevic qhus (theem pib - txiv qaub). Hom thaiv no yog kev ntshai kev ntub dej, vim tias nws tsis yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho lub hauv paus.
Piv txwv li, FBS 24.4.6 -T yog decrypted: thaiv cov plaub ntug ntawm qhov siab ntom ntom pob zeb. Ntev 2380 hli, dav 400 mm, qhov siab 580 hli. Los ntawm kev sib piv, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lwm yam kev tsim qauv.
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm FBS block raws li gost
Tso cov fbbs blocks
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm thaiv dav yog vim yog tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa uas nyob sab saud. Qhov ntev ntawm cov blocks yog xaiv kom lawv nyob, yog tias ua tau, tag nrho daim kab xev. Tab sis txawm tias kev paub txog cov tsev nyob rau hauv kev xaiv cov blocks yog yuam kev: qee qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig nyob hauv, nyob rau hauv uas txawm tias qhov me me tsis ua (lawv tau hu ua zoo). Cov chaw no feem ntau yog ze rau cov thwv cib ntawm cugas cug. Yog tias Masonry muab tawm mus tsis ncaj, tom qab ntawd nws yog plastering: nws yuav yooj yim dua thov waterproofing thiab rwb thaiv tsev.
Feem ntau, kev sib sau lub hauv paus muaj ntau txoj kab ntawm cov blocks. Lawv qee qhov ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov siab uas yuav tsum tau ntawm daim kab xev. Ntau zaus nws yog nteg hauv qab qhov tob ntawm cov av. Kuj coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub hauv paus.
Ntaus ntawv thaiv kev thaiv. Thaum tso blocks-ncoo, qee thaj chaw nyob tsis tseg. Lawv tau sau tom qab kev teeb tsa
Thaum txhim kho cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ntawm txhua hom, tib txoj cai siv tau thaum lub cib tab tom pw: cov nqaws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tib zoo coincide. Rau qhov no, lawv tau muab tso rau kom cov leeg ntawm cov kab dhau los sib tshooj sib tshooj hauv kab tom qab. Cov nrug (ntsug seams) ntawm sawv ntawm ib sab ntawm cov ntsiab yog muaj nrog cov cement-sady daws.
Txhawm rau muab cov qauv tsim ntawm lub zog ntau dua thiab rau kev lig lus ntawm txhua qhov block rau hauv ib qho system, fittings tau muab tso rau txhua kab. Nyob ntawm cov hom av thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev, ib chav kawm qws A-I - A-III siv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pas nrig yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus qauv tsim thaum tsim, lawv tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 2 txog 5 daim. Thaum pw thiab txuas cov kab, txhua txoj cai ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm Ribbon Foundation tau ua tiav nrog cov duab sib dhos, qhov yooj yim tshwm sim hauv tib lub phiaj. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog qhov kev siv hluav taws xob yog ib qho. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txoj siv hluav taws xob, txheej txheej ntawm kev daws teeb meem yog pawg, nrog rau cov nqaws, cov blocks hauv qab no tau teeb tsa.
Txhawm rau nrhiav lub hauv paus ntawm FBS nrog lawv tus kheej tes, nws yog txhawb
Hauv kev ua raws li cov cai no, siv lub hauv paus siv hluav taws xob yuav ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Peb yuav tsim lub hauv paus los ntawm FBS nrog koj tus kheej tes
Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev txhim kho lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem pib, tsis muaj ntau yam txawv los ntawm lwm hom: thawj zaug khawb lub qhov rooj. Qhov sib txawv hauv kev siv zog me me ntawm kev tsim cov kab xev nws tus kheej thiab yog tias nws tsis tsim nyog yuav ua rau ib daim formwork.
Kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv block Xib fwb tus qauv:
- Lub txheej txheej av ntawm av yog muab tshem tawm, xa tawm lossis khaws cia rau ntawm lub xaib.
- Tom ntej los markup. Yog tias hauv qab daus yog muab nyob hauv tsev, ib puag ncig yog muab tso rau yog tias yog tias yog tias yog - daim kab xev yog tso. Cim yog ua siv pegs thiab cords. Cov kab xev yog kev ua kev zoo siab rau ob sab, txhais tau qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa.
- Tom ntej no yog av ua haujlwm. Av tshem tawm mus rau qhov npaj npaj.
- Hauv qab ntawm lub qhov lossis trench yog dlhos thiab pre-tram.
Thaum sib dhos cov blocks, tsis txhob hnov qab tawm qhov rau kev tsim kho tshuab: tawg lub hauv paus yog qhov tsis tsim nyog
- Cov txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb lossis rubble yog ntog pw tsaug zog thiab trambed zoo siv volroplites. Los ntawm txhais tes sailing yuav tsis muab cov foob uas xav tau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau siv cov phaj chemrating. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nqa lub peev xwm ntawm cov av tsis yog siab heev. Xws li kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, raws li ib qho zoo-compacted sand-gravel benchmark, tso cai rau nws kom txhim kho.
- Ob txheej ntawm waterproofing tau muab teev rau ntawm lub hauv paus compacted.
- Installed Foundation Blocks-ncoo Fl. Lawv tau muab tso tawm ntawm txoj kab rov tav. Txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev tso chaw los ntawm qib kev tsim kho lossis qib. Qhov khoob ntawm lawv tau muaj nrog cov cement-saly tov.
- Lub zog yog STDDED, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov txheej txheej ntawm tsawg kawg 2-3 cm.
- FBS cov block yog ntsia nrog cov leeg pov tseg. Tsis muaj kev sib tshuam yuav tsum tau sib xyaw. Qhov kev tshem tawm tsawg kawg yog 0.4 qhov siab ntawm qhov thaiv tau tshwm. Yog tias FBS siv nrog qhov siab ntawm 580 mm, ces cov offset yuav tsum muaj ntau dua 240 hli.
- Yog tias muaj lwm txoj kab ntawm cov blocks, lub armopoyas tau dua nteg thiab kev daws rau nws.
- Cov blocks tseem ua pov thawj nrog kev xa tawm ntawm cov nqaws.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub hauv paus thiab qhov yuav tsum yog qhov tob ntawm cov pob tw. Ua cov cai rau kev tso cov blocks nrog kev ua kom tiav yuav tsum tau. Tsuas yog sau ua lub hauv paus ntawm FBS nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tau txais ib lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov qauv.
Yuav ua li cas nteg tus fbs
Nyob rau hauv ib kab, kev teeb pib nrog cov ces kaum. Tom qab ntawd cov blocks tau tshwm sim hauv cov chaw tshem tawm cov phev. Lawv hu ua beonon, thiab nyob rau lawv ces sib npaug txhua tus. Txoj kev ntsug ntawm lawv cov kev ua yeeb yam yog soj ntsuam, kho kom raug yog tias tsim nyog. Feem ntau, cov thaiv yuav tsum tau tsa sawv rov los, txav thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw.
Tom qab beacon ntsiab yog qhia, lub faubhers yog ncab - txoj hlua khi uas lawv tau taw qhia thaum txhim kho cov blocks hauv qab no. Lawv nco qab cov ciaj ciam ntawm phab ntsa, thiab yog li ntawd tus neeg FBS tau sawv sib piv rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov fl thaiv (thaiv-ncoo). Qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tso cai sib txawv - 12 hli. Tag nrho cov kab tom qab ntawm cov block kuj tseem teeb tsa los nthuav tawm sab saud nruab nrab.
Thaum tso cov blocks, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lawv haum ib qho dhau ntawm lwm yam tsis muaj kev mob loj
Cords yog qhov yooj yim dua kom ncab hauv 2-3 hli los ntawm sab ntawm cov lighthouse blocks. Nws yuav yooj yim dua rau kev nthuav dav. Nruab nrab cov ntu hluav taws xob yog nthuav tawm los ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws: Ua ntej muab txhua yam nrog qhov ntev ntawm 2.4 meters, tom qab ntawd 1.2 thiab tom qab ntawd 0.9. Qhov tseeb ntawm lawv kev teeb tsa tau sim txheeb ze rau cov cim sib txuas, ntsug - tus kav dej.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov loj ntawm FBS Blocks
Txiav txim siab seb muaj pes tsawg block koj yuav tsum tau koj lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem yog xaiv. Koj tuaj yeem ua nws ntawm koj tus kheej ntawm cov nplai kos rau ntawm nplai. Ntawm cov phiaj xwm koj tshaj tawm txhua qhov thaiv ntawm tib lub ntsuas.
Xaiv qhov loj me ntawm cov blocks rau lub hauv paus ntawm FBS, raws li txoj cai yooj yim: kom nce lub zog ntawm tus tsim, koj yuav tsum tau siv lub pob loj tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, xub thawj cov blocks ntawm 2.4 meters tau nruab nyob rau hauv cov fab, tom qab ntawd, yog tias lawv tso, kos lawv nyob rau hauv cov chaw ntawm kev vam meej. Ntawm lawv, dhau lawm, muab cov pob loj tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem sib haum muaj. Qhov twg lawv tsis tau ua, muab ib qho me me. Yog hais tias ib co sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thaiv (0.9 meters) tsis yog tso, nws tsis txaus - cov khoob no tau sau nrog Cib Masonry.
Ob yam ntawm prefabricated siv lub hauv paus ntawm FBS - nrog lub tog hauv ncoo thiab tsis muaj (zoo-yug daim kab xev)
Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, kos thawj ob kab, tsis hnov qab txog kev pov tseg ntawm cov nqaws. Yog tias tsim nyog, nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj tus thib peb. Tom qab ntawd koj xav txog cov naj npawb uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov blocks ntawm txhua qhov loj me. Lub hom phiaj ua tsis pov tseg: nws yuav pab tau rau koj thaum txhim kho lub hauv paus hauv lub teb chaws twb tau nyob ntawm lub xaib.
FBS Masonry daws
Rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus blocks, tus qauv cement-sandy m-100 hom yog siv. Nws tuaj yeem tau txais kev siv uterine sib txawv thiab cov xuab zeb:
- Nyob rau ntawm 1 feem ntawm M300 noj 2.5 seem ntawm cov xuab zeb;
- Ntawm 1 feem ntawm M400 xuab zeb yog twb 3 ntu;
- Thaum siv cov xuab zeb M500, 4 ntu yog ntim.
Ua ntej sib tov cov khoom sib xyaw ua ntej tau txais homogeneous muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab xim. Tom qab ntawd 0.5 seem ntawm cov dej yog maj ntxiv. Yog tias txoj kev daws teeb meem yog cov tuab tuab, dej maj mam ntxhov siab hauv feem me me. Lub sib xws yuav tsum zoo li tuab qaub cream: tsis yog pob, tab sis tsis ntws.
Tsis txhob sim ua kom cov naj npawb ntawm cov xis. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog ua kom lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb ua, raws li koj xav tau, thiab nws yuav txo tau ntau. Txhawm rau muab lub fortress ntawm cov pob zeb ua, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua kom pom tseeb tus nqi ntawm cov muab tub lim (hauv qhov no ntawm cov xuab zeb) thiab dej. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj qhov ntawd / lossis lwm yam, nws lub zog yuav qis dua. Yog qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws, nws yuav tawg thiab tawg.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: curtains rau muab nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes - cov kev xaiv yooj yim