Cov monolithic Ribbon Foundation yog kev tsim qauv tas mus li ntawm cov hlau ntxiv thiab cov kab xev. Nws yog nyob puag ncig lub puag ncig ntawm lub tsev thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cabriages thiab cov ntsiab lus. Thaum ua raws li cov thev naus laus zis, tus qauv tsim los ua ib tus lej - monolith - thiab muaj kev vam meej heev thiab lub zog tseem ceeb thiab lub zog ua tus yam ntxwv. Vim li no, nws yog nrov rau ob qho tib si kev siv tsev ntau lub tsev thiab tsev ntiav.
Lub Foundation monolithic tau nquahu kom thov tau nrog qib qis ntawm cov av: thaum lawv nyob hauv qab qhov xav tau qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus. Txwv tsis pub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj cov kua dej, thiab cov no yog ntxiv (thiab txiav txim siab).
Nws zoo li npaj txhij-ua monolithic Ribbon Foundation
Ntaus thiab Hom
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, xev lub hauv paus yog me me thiab sib sib zog nqus. Me-brew tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov av txias, tsis tiav nrog lub peev xwm zoo los tsim ib qho loj - los ntawm cov ntoo thiab tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis.
Hauv qhov no, daim kab xev yuav tsum yog 10-15 cm nyob rau hauv ib txheej txheej txheej, uas yog nyob hauv qab ntawm fertile. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li cov qauv, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsawg dua 60 cm.
Cov ntawm cov hauv paus siv hauv lub hauv paus hauv qhov tob ntawm blowjob
Monolithic Ribbon foundations ntawm tob tob kawg yog ua hauv qab hnyav, lub tsev loj. Feem ntau, lawv rho lawv 10-15 cm hauv qab qib primeros ntawm cov av rau thaj av. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus yuav tsum yog ua raws cov txheej nrog lub peev xwm coj zoo. Yog tias qhov no tsis yog li, koj yuav tsum nqis hauv qab no. Piv txwv li, yog tias qib ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov av yog 1.2 m, thiab txheej txheem fertile xaus ntawm ib qho kev pib ntawm 1.4 m cim, ces nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum poob qis dua 1.4 m.
Nrog formwork lossis tsis muaj
Feem ntau, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm monolithic siv lub hauv paus muaj siv rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov formwork. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv uas muab cov duab ntawm cov pob zeb ua thiab tsis muab nws kis. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov formwork yog cov nqi ntxiv rau cov khoom siv, nrog rau lub sijhawm ntxiv ntawm nws cov kev sib dhos thiab kev teeb tsa.
Formwork - Tsim qauv ntawm cov laug cam lossis plywood, uas muab lub hauv paus
Qee zaum rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txuag, ntawm cov av zoo, lub hauv paus yog riveted raws nraim ntawm Markup - ntawm qhov xav tau dav thiab qhov tob. Thiab cov lauj kaub no tau hliv qhob yam uas tsis muaj formwork. Cov thev naus laus zis tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg tau, qhov tshwm sim tsis tau twv. Qhov tseeb yog tias rau cov teeb tsa ntawm lub zog ib txwm muaj zog, muaj qee qhov dej yog qhov tsim nyog. Yog tsis muaj formwork, dej txawm tias me ntsis, tab sis nqus mus rau hauv av, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov pob zeb ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Yog qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem tawg.
Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tawm mus, kis mus rau hauv lub trench polyethylene zaj duab xis. Tab sis ntawm nws, tom qab ntawd mus - lub zog yuav tsum tau ua. Thiab cov pas nrig, thiab khau khiab tsis puas cov yeeb yaj kiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, noo noo tseem tawm mus.
Foundation tsis muaj formwork - kev pheej hmoo ua
Muaj qee kis, cov hauv paus uas yuav tiv thaiv qee xyoo yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis ntxov los sis tom qab, tawg los yog pob zeb tshwm sim pib tawg. Qhov kev nyuaj thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov hauv paus no tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws geometry. Txhawm rau kom txo cov cua sov ploj, lub hauv paus yog insulated, thiab feem ntau daim hlau ntawm npaus lossis extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Sim ua kom nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsis ncaj. Tib qhov xwm txheej nrog Vapor Barrier: Zaj duab xis yog qhov nyuaj heev (yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua) kom lo rau cov pob zeb tsis sib xws nrog av sib txaws. Hais ncaj lossis tsis yog txoj kev zoo li yog los daws koj, tab sis nws yog qhov ua tau kom pom zoo xws li lub hauv paus tsuas yog nyob hauv qab laj kab lossis qhuav.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Cape ntawm lub rooj zaum - 100 cov duab ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws sab hauv kev xaiv
Hauv qab daus hauv ib lub tsev nrog lub foundation
Hauv qab daus yuav yog qhov chaw tib yam li lub tsev, thiab tsuas yog koom ib feem ntawm qhov chaw. Thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim nws qhov ntev kom txog thaum tus qauv tsim.
Yog tias hauv qab daus yuav siv qee qhov chaw, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov av, thiab khawb tsuas yog trenches nyob hauv daim kab xev. Luam hauv qab daus kuj yog rau qee txoj cai. Nws cov kev pab thiab kev npaj kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim kho ntawm tus qauv tsim.
Ribbon monolithic Foundation nrog Basement - Cov haujlwm nyuaj (kom nce cov duab ntau thiab tsawg Nyem rau ntawm nws lub khawm nas)
Yog tias nws tau txiav txim siab los ua ib qho hauv qab daus tom qab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv qhov chaw thiab txiav txim siab kom muaj kab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm 45 °, lawv tsis dhau los ntawm empties (pom hauv daim duab ntawm sab xis).
Yog tias hauv qab daus nyob rau hauv tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev, tom qab ntawd cov av tau muab tshem tawm tag nrho cov qhov tob xav tau. Feem ntau, xws li ib qhov project tsis yog tshiab, koj yuav tsis hu: ua haujlwm thiab cov nuj nqis ntau dua. Ua ntej, txhawb nqa phab ntsa qhov cuab lub zog thiab lawv cov tuab loj loj yuav tsum tau ua. Txij thaum sab hauv av yuav tsis yog, ces cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus yuav tsum tau tawm tsam lub siab ntawm cov av ntawm sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, cov tuab ntawm daim kab xev yuav ntau thiab qhov kev ua kom pom zoo tshaj plaws, nws tau muab cov kauj ruam me me, tus naj npawb ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov tawv me me yuav nce ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsuas yog rau lub hauv paus, kev siv khoom ntawm kev txuas yuav nce ntxiv. Qhov thib ob, yuav xav tau thiab, tej zaum, qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov hauv paus hauv pem teb thoob plaws thaj chaw. Thiab qhov no yog dua cov khoom siv - qhob thiab fittings. Thib peb, nws yuav npaj tau qhov chaw dim pa kom tshem tawm cov roj av av. Xws li cov qauv tsis tuaj yeem tsim qauv lawm. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua haujlwm, thiab muaj kev paub ntau.
Ib qho kev xaiv rau lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog rau hauv qab daus (kom zoom hauv qhov loj ntawm daim duab, nyem rau ntawm nws nrog lub khawm nas txoj cai)
Monolithic Ribbon Foundation: theem ntawm kev tsim kho
Txawm hais tias lub tsev yog tsim lub tsev lossis ib tus tub sab tub rog lossis tus tsim tawm kom paub txog thev naus laus zis yog tsim nyog: tsuas yog koj tuaj yeem ntseeg hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo.Feem ntau, thev naus laus zis yog xws li:
- Cim ntawm lub xaib.
- Av av.
- Foundation foob, qhov yooj yim recessing thiab tamping.
- Npav daim kab xev.
- Waterproofing.
- Los ua ke thiab teeb tsa ntawm formwork.
- Band fittings.
- Pouring qhob thiab nws cov kev co.
- Kho.
Qee cov lus piav qhia yuav tsum muaj. Muab ob npaug rau cim - zajlus thiab ribbons - xav tau yog tias lub tsev yuav nrog rau hauv qab ntawm lub tsev. Thawj zaug koj tso thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev, kev coj mus rau hauv tus account tso cai rau ntawm cov formwork. Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los ua tsis muaj nws. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab lub qhov yog khawb thiab hauv qab yog so thiab ua tsaugper, nws yuav tsim nyog los tshaj tawm cov pob tw. Ntawm cov cim no, cov qauv formwork yuav raug ntsia, uas yuav ua rau "profile" ntawm koj lub tsev.
Tam sim no me ntsis ntxiv txog txhua theem.
Chaw Npav
Txij li thaum tsim cov av tau tshawb xyuas ntawm lub xaib tshwj xeeb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tau nruj. Cov qauv txheej txheem hauv qab yog feem ntau heterogeneous thiab cov offogeneous thiab offetogeneous thiab cov kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub 'meter' yuav tseem ceeb: dheev muaj qib lossis kab noj hniav. Nrog rau qhov tseeb ntawm ib xees, nws yog qhov nyuaj tsis yog qhov chaw, tab sis nws yog ntshaw kom tsis txhob fluff ntau.
Yog li koj tuaj yeem ua cov cim hauv qab lub hauv paus ntawm lub xaib
Av av
Lawv cov tagnrho thiab siv cov kev siv nyob ntawm seb koj puas yuav muaj lossis tsis muaj qab daus. Yog tias tsis muaj, ces koj tau nruab rau daim kab xev - nws yuav tsum tau kom tshem tawm hauv av. Tsuas yog nrog lub zeem muag ntawm lub teeb tsa ntawm formwork - thiab qhov no yog qee zaum 50 * 80 cm ntawm txhua sab. Rau cov ntaub thaiv npog koj xav tau struts uas yuav tsis raug tso cai kom poob.
Yog hais tias lub tsev nrog rau hauv qab daus yog tshem tawm tag nrho cov av. Qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov chaws - 2-5 m ntau tshaj qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov no yog txhua yam khoom seem hauv qab ntawm cov struts rau formwork.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: Bhoens chav dej - los ntawm kev xaiv los teeb tsa
Yog tias lub tsev nrog hauv qab daus - lub rhaub dej yog tau los ntawm qhov loj
Rau cov roj loj nws yog qhov zoo dua rau siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Kev xauj tsev ntau ntau yog ntau, tab sis kev ua haujlwm ntawm "Diggers" Brigade yuav tsis muaj qhov pheej yig dua rau ob peb hnub. Kev nrawm yog qhov tsis sib xws.
Cov txheej txheej av ntawm av muaj tso rau sab saud, nws tuaj yeem faib tawm tam sim ntawd hauv lub vaj. Tus so ntawm cov av khib nyiab mus rau hauv ib pawg: Hauv ib feem, nws yuav mus rau sab nraum qab ntawm kev rov qab tshiab, nws yuav yog ib nrab los coj nws tawm.
Rau lub tsev tsis muaj qab daus
DNA FORTMER CARMENT THIAB LUB ROOJ NRES
Tom qab lub loj loj ntawm cov av tau coj tawm, hauv qab yuav tsum tau raws li ib qho thiab foob. Thaum cov khawb tawm ua haujlwm, nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias qee qhov chaw muaj 20-30 cm ntau dua qhov tob dua qhov tsim nyog. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej tsis zoo yuav tsum tau kho: tsaug zog thiab tamper.
Tambrush thiab cov kev ua haujlwm xav tau thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm cov qhov dej lossis trenches. Thiab tsis nrog kev pab ntawm lub lawj. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias koj tsim lub laj kab. Txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho da dej lossis tsev me nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov paib vibrating.
Peb yuav nkag siab vim li cas. Cov qib no rau txhua lub tsev ntawm lub tsev. Txawm tias me me khoob thiab tsis xwm yeem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws thiab tawg. Thiab hauv qab tom qab kev khawb ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog tsis ncaj. Thiab nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm nws siv rambling. Nws yog qhov tseem zoo dua yog tias koj muab cov xuab zeb txheej nrog nruab nrab lossis cov nplej me me rau hauv qab. Nws yog qhov zoo dua ua ke vim qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Tab sis rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nrawm nrawm, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom moistened (ncuav dej kom maj tag nrho nws ntim). Lub vibrouprite tsim kev rau siab uas sealing xuab zeb los ntawm 15-20 cm. Nws yog cov txheej ntawd uas yuav tsum tau nchuav ib zaug. Yog tias ntawm txoj haujlwm, txheej xuab zeb yog 30 cm, nws txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau ncuav 15 cm, tau los thiab ua tamper nws kom ceev. Tom qab ntawd ncuav lub thib ob thiab shed nws dhau thiab tamper.
Muaj txawm tias nqaim tshuab rau kev sib khi av hauv trench
Feem ntau, txoj haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev tsim cov xuab zeb sand-mavel. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov xuab zeb cog, lwm txheej ntawm Rubble feem qib 30-60 mm ntxiv. Thiab nws kuj yog tumped. Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej no ntawm subfolder yog 10-15 cm. Nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nchuav tawm hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud me me txog 5 cm thiab txhua lub zog.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov av tsis tsuas yog leveling, nws dhau los ua ntau dhau: rubble yog tsav mus rau hauv yug me nyuam hauv qab no, nce nws lub peev xwm nqa. Txij li lub qhov cub beats BEbble nrog ntau lub zog, ces lub foob tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 40-50 cm. Thiab qhov no zoo heev.
Daim Ntawv Formwork rau Monolithic Siv Foundation
Cov formwork ua rau cov tuab ntawm tsawg kawg 40 hli tuab, qis plywood lossis wm. Plywood yog pheej yig, tshwj xeeb - formwork. Nws muaj lamination ntawm ib sab - muaj zaj duab xis tiv thaiv. Vim tias siv yuav siv tau ob peb zaug.
Cov ntaub thaiv uas ua los ntawm cov khoom nplooj tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm transverse thiab longitudinal bars. Los ntawm cov laug cam tau sib raug zoo los ntawm kev hla. Cov ntaub ntawv sau rau ntawm kev kos cim ntawm Ribbon tau teeb tsa, tsau nrog sab nraum zoov ntawm cov co caj qaum, thiab sab hauv lub struts yog ntsia. Tag nrho cov fasteners yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm rau cov kev ntsuas. Lawv yuav tsis muab daim thaiv teeb kom poob lossis pee nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb nyob sab hauv lub pob zeb ua: pawg yuav muab ib qho kev txiav txim siab ntawm phab ntsa, vim hais tias lub fasteners yuav tsum ntseeg tau.
Formwork - ib qho tsis yooj yim tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom siv zoo
Kev ntxiv rau
Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv - qhov ntev ntev thiab qhov chaw me me - ntawm lub hauv paus me me - ntawm lub foundbon foundation yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov rog uas tau sim ua kom tawg ntawm txoj hlua khi. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txhawb nws raws qhov ntev. Nws siv cov haib ribbed txhawb qhov cuab lub zog los ntawm 10 mm hauv lub cheeb thiab ntau dua. Tag nrho cov kev sib tw sib txuas tsuas yog tso ruaj ruaj rau hauv qhov chaw, yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm coj nws du thiab siv cov thickness me me - 6-8 hli.
Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Txhua yam thiab dai kom zoo ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag ua koj tus kheej
Ribbon Foundation Reindage lub tswv yim
Ntxiv mus, feem ntau, tsis hais txog qhov tshwm sim, muaj ob txoj siv sia uas txhawb nqa txaus: nyob rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm daim kab xev. Kev cais tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntaus ntawv nrog hauv qab daus hauv qab lub tsev.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhawb ntawm cov Ribbon Monolithic Foundation yog qhia hauv daim duab. Ntawm txhua qhov kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas, qhov cuab lub zog yog txuam nrog hlau tshwj xeeb. Ua nws manually siv hooks lossis siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm - knitting rab phom.
Muaj lwm txoj kev: vuam. Tab sis nws siv tsis yog ib txwm muaj kev ncaj ncees. Kev ua haujlwm sai dua, tab sis qhov kev sib txuas tau txais tawv. Thaum viCating cov hlau, lub zog tseem ceeb qee qhov kev ywj pheej. Thiab nws pab them rau qee qhov kev tawm tsam yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Thaum vuam qhov kev sib txuas yog qhov nyuaj, uas tsis yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib sab, tab sis nrog lwm tus tsim kev tsim nrawm dua tuaj yeem ua rau tawg.
Thiab yog li kev txhawb nqa lub zog zoo li nyob
Lwm lub ntsiab lus: qhov chaw ntawm vuam ib txwm pib vau ua ntej. Txawm hais tias lub zog txuas ntxiv yog nyob rau hauv cov tuab ntawm qhob, thiab yog li ntawd tsis mob plab (oxygen tsis to taub, thawj wullded pob qij txha raug rhuav tshem.
Nyob rau theem no, kev teeb tsa cua thiab cov thawv ntawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas lus engineering yuav raug muab rau hauv tsev. Yog tias koj tsis nco qab txog qhov no, koj yuav tsum rhuav tshem cov monolith thiab nws yog qhov tsis tau xav tsis tau: qhov muaj zog dua, tus tsim muaj zog yuav yog tus tsim.
Txhaws hauv paus
Thaum tsim tsev ntau dua lossis tsawg dua yog yooj yim dua thiab zoo dua kev ua tiav cov qhob dua rau lub xaib hauv kev sib tov. Tom qab ntawd tus sau yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ib hnub.
Koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej. Tab sis qhov no yuav xav tau ib qho ua vaj tse ua vaj tse. Manually, Stirring Cheebtsam hauv cov troughs kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tseeb ntawm homogeneity yog tsis yooj yim sua.
Txhawm rau sau lub hauv paus loj kom yooj yim dua kom tau txais kev daws teeb meem
Rau lub pouring manually, koj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg peb tus neeg: ib qho xa pob zeb ua hauv cov pob zeb ua tiav, thiab thib peb vibrates tsuas yog qhov chaw dej nyab.
Qhob deeg yog tsim kev siv phau ntawv lossis txawb cov ntsiab lus. Tus txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm txhua empties, cov neeg ntxeev siab tshaj tawm cov kev sib sau ua ke. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub zog ua rau cov qhob tau txhim kho ntau dua, nws kis tau cov dej tsis yeem yog qhov tseeb tias dej nqus tau tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob hla theem no: nrog tib lub Cheebtsam hauv kev daws teeb meem, peb tau txais cov pob zeb ntau dua.
Yog li ntawd cov pob zeb ua ntau homogeneous thiab tau txais ntxiv ntxiv cov qos tiv taus yooj yim, kho nws nrog lub vibrator
Lwm lub sijhawm: thaum nchuav los ntawm lub tsheb koj yuav tsum siv cov hlwv tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej, lawv tau yooj yim dua xa cov pob zeb ua kom muaj qhov xav tau, thiab qhov thib ob, kev daws yuav tsum tsis txhob poob ntawm qhov siab. Yog tias qhov siab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg tshaj 150 cm, nws yog sib cais. Qhov tshwm sim - tsis muaj zog.
Kev kho
Yog tias txoj haujlwm tau nqa tawm hauv cov kab xev kub, daim kab xev yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov duab dhos ua yeeb yaj kiab lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas txwv tsis pub muaj kev noo noo. Txij li lub qhov tob ntawm cov qhob loj, ntub lub npoo ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tangible yuav tsis muab. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tsis txhob muab cov txhuam kom qhuav thiab zaj duab xis nrog txoj haujlwm no luam tawm zoo kawg nkaus.
Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tau muaj nyob rau hauv thiab tom qab sau rau thaj tsam ntawm + 20 ° C, tom qab peb hnub tom qab sau cov fortress ntawm kwv yees li 50%. Thiab hnub plaub, cov formwork tuaj yeem tshem tawm thiab ua haujlwm mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Ntawm qhov chaw kub qis dua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tos ntxiv: ntawm + + 10 ° C yog twb 10-14 hnub, thiab ntawm + 5 ° C, kev gripping txheej txheem yuav luag tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los yog ua kom muaj kev tswj cov formwork, lossis kom sov ua vaj tse.
Lub Foundation Monolithic siv tau npaj txhij, tab sis tseem ua haujlwm ntawm nws rwb thaiv tsev thiab waterproofing. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws ntog pw tsaug zog (backflow).