Cav oob khab
Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb cav thaum lub caij ntuj no tuaj yeem nres rau qhov teeb meem. Qhov teeb meem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv muaj zog ntawm kev lag luam kev ua lag luam, kev sib tham ntawm kev siv cov kev pabcuam uas siv nws cov xwm txheej ntawm cov girlfling cia. Qhov no yuav tsis tshwm sim yog tias tus pab hluav taws xob yuav nyob ntawm tes, uas tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov xov tooj cua zoo.
Lub cuab yeej pib ntawm hom no tau tsim raws li cov lus pom zoo piav qhia hauv "tshooj lus (I.P. Cov xov tooj cua 1." Solon "1998. S.95 - 96). Thawj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias nws muaj peev xwm hu nws lub cuab yeej pib nrog cov kws paub ua feem. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv "cov luam yeeb ntais" hom, i.e. Ua ke nrog lub roj teeb, thiab yog li ntawd nws yuav muaj tseeb dua los hu nws them nyiaj thiab pib ntaus ntawv. Thaum muaj qhov kub qis qis, lub cav pib yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv ob theem:
- Rov qab lub roj teeb rau 10-20 feeb;
- Sib koom nrog "nce qib" ntawm lub cav.
Qhov siv tau muaj zaus ntawm kev sib hloov oob khab tau nyob rau 3-5 vib nas this, thiab tom qab ntawd qis qis qis. Yog lub cav tsis tau pib los ntawm thawj zaug, Kuv yuav tsum tau rov ua txhua yam ua ntej. Yog li, ntau zaus. Cov txheej txheem no tsis yog tsuas yog tsho, tab sis tsis xav tau rau ob qho laj thawj:
ua rau overheating ntawm oob khab thiab nws cov kev cawm kom zoo;
Txo lub roj teeb lub neej (nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, pib pib cov neeg nrog caij tsheb mus txog 250 A. Lawv ua rau lub roj teeb deformation, tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv roj teeb, thiab lwm yam).
Thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm no tsis yog tsuas yog tias lub roj teeb rechargeable yog "tsis yog thawj qhov tshiab". Raws li tau paub los ntawm cov ntawv (n.m. ilin, yu.l. Timofebeev, V.YA. VANYOSEV. Cov thawv rated yog lav tau tias ntawm electrolyte kub + 25 ° C. Nrog ib qho kev txo qis hauv qhov kub thiab txias, cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, uas ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv cov thawv uas tsawg dua li 1% rau ib degree ntawm qhov ntsuas kub. Yog li, txawm tias muaj roj teeb tshiab uas siv hluav taws xob nyob rau lub caij ntuj no tseem ceeb poob nws "pib" nta.
Koj tuaj yeem zam cov kev tsis zoo no tsuas yog lub zog ntawm lub cuab yeej pib tau txaus rau tus kheej (tsis muaj kev pab ntawm lub tsheb txias. Qhov no tseem yuav tau txuas ntxiv rau lub roj teeb nquag lub neej.
Cia peb sim, kwv yees li, ntsuas cov tsis muaj ntawm cov khoom pib pib. Raws li tau paub los ntawm cov ntawv [1], ntawm hom pib, kev ua haujlwm tam sim no lub roj teeb:
IR = 3 × C20, thiab
Qhov twg C20 yog lub peev xwm uas muaj peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb (thiab nws ua. Voltage ntawm hom oob khab rau txhua lub roj teeb yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj li 1.75 v. li ntawd. Rau 12 volt roj teeb:
Koj = 6 × 1, 75 v = 10.5 v,
Qhov twg koj yog cov roj teeb tsawg kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm voltage ntawm hom oob khab, v.
Li no lub hwj huam muab rau starter:
PCT = ur × IP, W.
Piv txwv li, yog tias lub roj teeb tau ntsia rau ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb 6 st-60, lub hwj chim rau pib yuav yog:
PCT = 10,5 · · · · 60 = 1890 (w).
Ib qho kev zam rau txoj cai no yog lub roj teeb 6 st-55, uas yog tus pib oob khab tam sim no uas yog: IP = thiab lub hwj chim rau Statter tuaj yeem yog:
PCT = 10.5 v · 255 a = 2677.5 W.
Siv rooj 1 cov ntaub ntawv, koj tuaj yeem suav cov hwj huam muab khoom rau qhov pib ntawm lub tsheb. Nrog lub zog no, qhov no zaus ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm crankshaft yog muab (40-50 rpm - rau kev tiv thaiv carburetor thiab 80 rau diesel), uas tau lees tias lub cav txhim khu kev qha.
N / N. | Hom oob khab | Rated zog, kw | Ntsuas voltage nyob rau hauv | Massed los ntawm cav | Cov roj teeb rov siv hluav taws xob | Lub zog hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, kw |
ib | St 230A, St 230B, St230K. | 1,03. | 12 | Tsheb "Volga", Gaz-53, Gaz-66, Zil-130. | 6st-60 6st-75 6st-75 6st-90. | plaub 4.5 4.5 tsib |
2. | Art 221. | 1.25. | 12 | "Vaz" | 6ST-55 | plaub |
3. | St 117a. | 1,18 | 12 | "Moskvich" | 6ST-55 | plaub |
plaub | St 222a. | 2,2 | 12 | Tsheb tsheb T-16, T-25, T-30. | 2 × 6st-150 | 6. |
tsib | Art 142. | 7,73. | 24. | Tsheb "Kamaz", "Maz", "KRAZ", "Zil-133 Gi" | 2 × 6St-190 | 16-20. |
6. | St 103A-01 | 8,2 | 24. | Tsheb tsheb "Kirovets", (K-700, K-701) | 2 × 6St-190 | 16-20. |
Tshooj nyob rau lub ntsiab lus: Kev teeb tsa ywj siab ntawm hom kev tshem tawm
Matching Data Table. 1 thiab suav cov lus saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem ua ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab:
- Rau cov neeg caij tsheb tshaj plaws, lub zog tiag tiag muab rau cov oob khab ntau dua nws tus nominal (daim phiajcim) lub zog) muaj zog 2-2.5 zaug thiab yog:
1900 ≤ CCT ≤ 2700 [W];
- Rau cov tsheb thauj khoom nrog cov tshuab carburetor, qhov ntsuas no yuav tau nce siab dua:
2400 ≤ rau PCT 3310 [W];
- Rau cov tsheb nrog lub cav diesel:
Pct = 2 · 10-1670 = 11970 [W],
(Lawv muaj ob lub roj teeb 6 s - 190 muaj nyob rau hauv series).
Thaum xam cov kev hloov pauv qis ntawm lub oob khab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv lub teeb meem, muab xov hlau, oxidized sib chwv dej ntawm cov nplaum sib txuas thiab cov hnub qub xaus. Raws li cov kev paub tau pom, lub zog ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov khoom pib rau cov neeg caij tsheb yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj rtr = 4 kw.
Lub moj khaum tau coj raws li tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv [2], tab sis nrog ib tug muaj zog dua transformer t1. (Saib Daim Duab 1).
Fig.1 txheej txheem ntawm ib-theem pib ntaus ntawv.
Hauv tus sau, qhov qis dua transformer tau ua rau cov tub ntxhais hauv lub zog sab hauv los ntawm lub stator ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 5 kw. Nws cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no:
SCT = 27 cm2, sct = a × b (SCT - thaj chaw ntawm cov pipeline hla ntu, cm2)
(Saib Daim Duab 2).
Daim duab 2 A, B Sib Nqus
Tus naj npawb ntawm lem ntawm 1 nyob rau hauv lub operating voltage tau xam los ntawm cov qauv:
T = 30 / ss
Tus naj npawb ntawm lem ntawm thawj winding ntawm tus hloov pauv yog:
W1 = 22020 · T = 22020/27 = 244;
Thib ob winding:
W2 = W3 = 16 = 16 · T = 16 · · · ag 2 227 = 18.
Lub ntsej muag muaj txiaj ntsig yog qhov txhab nrog PTTV ø 2,12 mm, cov theem nrab yog cov log tsheb txhuas nrog kev hla ntawm 36 MM2. Hloov SA1 hom AE - 1031 (nrog kev tiv thaiv thermal) rau tam sim no 25 A. Diodes VD1, VD2 hom D161-250.
Lub amplitude ntawm kev sib nqus induction hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus transformer vm = 1.7 t .. Tus idling tam sim no ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm VM ncav cuag cov txiaj ntsig ntawm IXX = 3.5 A, uas txo cov hloov pauv tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov xwm txheej hauv qab no. Kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no nyob rau hauv thawj winding ntawm lub transformer I1 thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ncav nrog cov xov hluav taws xob los ntawm 15-20 vas ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm 15-20 v. Yog li, tsis yog 220 V, thiab 200 v. tau thov rau thawj lub transformer ntawm lub transformer. Txo tus nqi ntawm VM thiab tsis muaj tus hloov pauv tam sim no, uas nce transformer efficiency thaum lub sijhawm pib.
Rau cov neeg uas xav rau ntawm kev xam pom ntawm cov tsis muaj cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv nqes av, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tswv yim teeb tsa hauv [2], [3].
Ntau cov lus qhia ntawm kev npaj ntawm toroidal core. Lub stator ntsib lub tshuab hluav taws xob pub dawb los ntawm cov seem ntawm winding. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntxau ntse thiab rab rauj txiav cov stator cov hniav. Qhov no tsis yog qhov nyuaj ua. Cov hlau mos, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau siv tsom iav kev nyab xeeb thiab mittens. Tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov hlau bar ø 7-8 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mm npaj ob lub p-puab nkhaus uas tus hloov pauv hloov pauv yuav txuas nrog hauv paus ncej. Ntawm ob qho kawg, cov nkhaus txiav cov xov hauv qab m6 txiv ntoo. Los ntawm cov hlau pob zeb, ib qho tuab ntawm 3-4 hli thiab dav ntawm 18-20 mm, bent p-rectriCuratively, npaj ib transformer kov. Cov npoo ntawm lub P-puab lub phaj Ntxiv rau ib leeg, tau txais "cov nplaig" ntawm ib tug ntev 5-8 cm, uas yuav muab txuas rau. Txog rau qhov kawg no, lub qhov ntawm ø 7 hli yog lined hauv "tus nplaig". Ob txoj hlua khi thiab cov hlau ntawm cov kov yog qhwv nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag thiab cov kov rau sab saum toj, txoj kab xev nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov deb ntawm txhua lwm yam. Tag nrho cov tub ntxhais tseem tau them nrog ib lossis ob txheej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg impregnated nrog Epoxy Resin. Tom qab ziab lub epoxy cob, pib winding cua. Lub ntsej muag ua ntej yog winding ua ntej, tusyees faib ib puag ncig ntawm ib puag ncig. Tom qab ua cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub zog, tus hloov pauv suav nrog lub network thiab ntsuas tus idling tam sim no, uas yuav tsum nco txog ntawm VME, thiab yog li ntawd, txawm tias muaj kev hloov me me hauv tus naj npawb ntawm Purs yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua nyob rau hauv qhov tam sim no ntawm IXX thawj winding.
Tshooj nyob rau lub ncauj lus: Puas yog nws ua tau los yeej cov fliesline wallpaper nrog kua nplaum rau vinyl
Ua ntej winding lub tshuab winding hauv cov hlau ib feem ntawm tus kov, uas yuav ua qhov hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab, uas yuav ua rau tib lub sijhawm winding thiab tib lub sijhawm "lub sij hawm zoo". Qhov ntsuas cov diodes tau qhia hauv daim duab kos ntawm lub hauv paus ntaus ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj
Cov lus xaus ntawm lub rooj sib tham theem nrab txuas nrog lub sijhawm "zoo", hloov pauv yog tusyees faib thoob plaws ib puag ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Thaum pw siv rab rauj ntoo.
Tom ntej no, nrog kev pab ntawm vuam npaj ib qho chaw thav duab. Rau qhov no, hlau cov pas nrig ø 10-12 mm yog siv. Ntawm ib sab ntawm cov ncej ntawm cov phaj txhuas lossis cov phaj tooj liab nrog lub tuab ntawm 3-4 hli, kho kom nrawm dua endies. Ntawm no lub qhov yog drilled nyob rau hauv M12 bolt, uas yuav ua "rho" ntaus ntawv. Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm tus ncej, ntu ntawm cov thee yog welded thiab sa1 hloov tau txuas rau nws.
Tam sim no txog cov xov hlau txuas cov oob khab. Tej kev tsis saib xyuas hauv lawv kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem "txo tsis muaj" tag nrho koj cov kev siv zog. Muab nws piv txwv tshwj xeeb. Cia cov tsis kam ntawm rpr ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas rau lub rectifier yuav sib npaug rau: rpd = 250 thiab cov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm cov xov hlau yuav yog:
Upr = IPH RPR = 250 A = 0.01 OM = 2.5 V;
Fais fab poob ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob:
Rpr = up ih pem · = 625 W.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub voltage tsis yog 14 v, tab sis yog 11,5 v, uas, tau kawg, yog qhov tsis xav tau los pib hauv hom kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntev ntawm cov xov hlau yuav tsum muaj tsawg li sai tau (L ≤), thiab qhov muaj peev xwm hla dhau, ntau li ntau tau (SP ≥1 hli2). Cov xov hlau yuav tsum muaj ntau tus tooj liab hauv cov roj hmab rwb thaiv tsev. Txog kev yooj yim, kev sib txuas nrog cov oob khab yog ua nrog kev siv cov nplaum lossis cov muaj zog siv rau cov tuav hluav taws xob rau tsev neeg siv tshuab. Cov hom dav dav ntawm ib-ntu oob khab yog qhia hauv Fig.3.
Fig.3 Pom kev ntawm ib-theem pib ntaus ntawv.
Lub teeb tsa txheej txheem ntawm suav pib ntaus ntawv yog universal thiab thov rau cov cav ntawm lub zog. Peb yuav ua raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm Oobter St-222 A, siv rau T-16, T-25, T-30 Vladimir tsheb laij teb tsheb laij teb tsheb laij teb cog.
Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim txog St-222 tus oob khab:
Ntsuas voltage - 12 v;
Rated Hwj Chim - 2.2 kw;
Cov roj teeb uas rov siv roj teeb - 2 × 3st-150.
Yog li:
Ire = 3, · C3 = 3 · 150 A = 450 A,
Fais fab khoom rau lub oob khab yuav yog:
PCT = 10.5 v El · 450 A = 4725 W.
Muab cov poob hwj chim:
Rp = 1-1.3 kw.
Fais fais hloov fais fab:
RTR = PCT + RP = 6 KW.
Cov ntoo khaub lig sib tw ntawm cov hlau nplaum pipeline sct = 46-50 cm2. Tam sim no ceev nyob rau hauv windings sib npaug:
J = 3 - 5 A / MM2.
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv luv ntawm cov khoom pib (5-10 vib nas this) tso cai rau nws siv hauv ib leeg-theem tes hauj lwm. Rau cov neeg muaj zog ntau dua, pib ntaus hloov pauv yuav tsum yog peb-theem. Peb yuav qhia txog cov peculiarities ntawm nws tus qauv ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cuab yeej pib rau lub zog sib xws rau kev sib dhos ua ke no "(K-700, K-701). Nws lub oob khab St-103A-01 muaj lub zog muaj zog ntawm 8.2 kW ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm 24 V. Lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hloov khoom hloov tshiab (suav rau hauv tus lej poob) yuav yog:
Tshooj nyob rau lub ntsiab lus: Hniav ntaub thaiv los ntawm xyoob ua koj tus kheej
RTR = 16 - 20 KW.
Yooj yim laij ntawm peb-theem hloov pauv yog nqa tawm mus rau hauv tus account cov lus pom zoo tau teev hauv [3]. Yog tias ua tau, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tsheb khiav lag luam txo qis hauv 380/220 v thiab cov hloov hluav taws xob tau siv rau cov tshuab cua sov hluav taws xob, Nyob Hauv Tsev Nyob Rau Hauv Tsiaj Cov Txiv, Quav Yug Thiab T .. Tus txhais cov kab hluav taws ntawm ib peb-theem hloov pauv yog raws li hauv qab no (saib Daim Duab 4).
Fig.4 Pib ntaus ntawv ntawm peb-theem hloov pauv.
MP yog sib nqus PML-4000 hom oob khab, PMA-4000, lossis cov zoo ib yam li lawv rau lub peev xwm ntawm 20 kw. Ncoo khawm sv1 hom ku-121-1, Ku-122-1M, thiab lwm yam.
Ib qho peb-theem ib-Alpapid Rectifier yog thov koj kom tau txais cov ntawv sau siab tshaj plaws uas tau sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv oob khab (rau cov khoom loj loj mus txog 4 m). Kev siv ntawm peb-theem hloov pauv muab ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau txais qhov kev ntxhov siab xav tau. Nws tus nqi tuaj yeem hloov pauv, suav nrog "lub hnub qub", "Daim duab peb sab" winding ", thov ib qho kev hloov kho ib leeg lossis bippetier (LARGENTING Circuit) ncaj.
Hauv kev xaus, ob peb pawg sab laj thiab cov lus pom zoo:
- Kev siv cov tshuab hloov toroidal rau ib-theem pib teeb tsa tsis tas thiab sau los ntawm lawv cov ntsuas kev pom zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thev naus laus zis ntawm lawv cov kev tsim khoom yog qhov haujlwm tshaj plaws.
- Kev suav ntawm cov hloov ntawm lub cuab yeej pib muaj qee cov nta. Piv txwv li, kev suav ntawm tus nqi ntawm lem mus rau 1 hauv kev ua haujlwm volulage los ntawm cov qauv: T = nyem "qhov siab tshaj plaws tau rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam. Qhov no yog ncaj ncees los ntawm nws lub sijhawm luv (5-10 vib nas this) hom kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias qhov ntev tsis ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau hom kev sib txawv los ntawm kev suav cov qauv: t = 35 / ss. Cov ntoo khaub lig hla ntawm cov raj hlau sib nqus yog coj los ntawm 25-30% ntau dua.
- Lub zog uas tuaj yeem raug "tshem tawm" los ntawm cov tseem ceeb toroidal, kwv yees sib npaug rau lub zog ntawm ib qho peb-theem asynchronous hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog, los ntawm qhov twg cov tub ntxhais no tau ua. Yog tias lub cav hluav taws xob tsis paub, nws tuaj yeem raug xam los ntawm cov qauv:
RDV = Sust Âqhia
qhov twg rdv yog lub zog ntawm lub cav, w; Ѕt - thaj chaw ntawm cov pipeline hla pipeline sib tw, cm2 teeb = a × ѕ ѕokk - thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov rais sib nqus, cm2 (saib Daim Duab 2)
Ѕok = 0,785 · D2
- Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus transformer rau hauv paus ncej yog fastened nrog ob lub p-puab nkhaus. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov tshuaj insulating, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob pom cov tsos ntawm co-roth-kaw coil tsim los ntawm ib qho kev sib tw nrog tus ncej.
- Txiav txim siab tias cov idling voltage hauv ib peb-theem pib ntaus ntawv siab tshaj 28 v, lub cav pib yog ua hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
1. Txuas cov chaw zuam ntaus ntawv nrog cov pib tsim tawm.
2. Tus tsav tsheb suav nrog lub oob khab.
3. Tus pab nias lub khawm pib ntawm OV1 thiab tom qab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm lub cav tam sim ntawd tso nws.
- Thaum siv cov cuab yeej muaj zog pib hauv ib qho chaw nyob ruaj ruaj raws li cov cai ntawm TB, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom pom. Cov leeg ntawm cov zuam txuas yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv cov roj hmab rwb thaiv tsev. Txhawm rau zam kev tsis meej pem, tus lej "zoo" yog qhov xav tau yuav poj niam, piv txwv, daim kab xev liab.
- Thaum pib lub roj teeb, koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm ntawm lub oob khab. Hauv qhov no, cov zuam tau txuas nrog cov roj teeb kom tsim nyog. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob rov ua lub roj teeb, lub cuab yeej pib tom qab pib lub cav yog txiav tawm.
- Txhawm rau txo cov sib nqus uas tawg, qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thib ob ntawm lub transformer yog qhov ua kom zoo dua rau cua ua ntej ntawm cov tub ntxhais, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau lub ntsej muag daj ua si.
Ntaub Ntawv:
N.m. Ilyin, yu.l. Timourneev, V.YA. Vanyaev. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau tsheb. M.: Thauj, 1982
I.P. Shelests. Xov tooj cua amateur muaj txiaj ntsig kev txawj ntse. Phau Ntawv 1, m.: Solon 1998.
I. Nicoforov. Yooj yim laij ntawm lub network hloov pauv. Xov tooj cua, 2000, Tsis Yog 10, p. 39.
Tsheb Laij "KiSove", K-701, K-700 A. Kev piav qhia thiab phau ntawv qhia. M.: Tsheb laij teb.
V. Motuazas. Electropuscat. Nyob deb nroog tsheb, 1988, Tsis muaj. 4, p. 23-24.