Muab xam thiab teeb tsa ntawm ib tug ntaiv ntawm cosos [pom zoo]

Anonim

Lub tsev nyob hauv ntau lub plag tsev lossis nrog lub nthab tau ua ntev kom tsis tshua muaj. Txog kev sib cuag zoo rau ntawm cov plag tsev sab saud, ntau yam ntaiv tau siv, tab sis cov ntaiv tau nrov tshaj plaws nrog kev txhawb nqa rau kev them nyiaj. Hom kev teeb tsa no muaj ntau heev peculiar thiab nthuav nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem feem ntau vim yog ib qho yooj yim thiab cua ntsej muag. Yuav suav ua li cas thiab ua tiav cov teeb tsa ntawm xws li staircase nrog koj tus kheej tes? Cia peb sim ua kom paub nws hauv kab lus no.

Kev faib tawm thiab hom cososov

Kosomers hauv lawv tus qauv raug muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:

  • duab ncaj qha;

Tus taw

  • tawg nrog cov kauj ruam khiav;

Tus taw

  • Ntsia hlau.

Muab kauv staircase ntawm cosos

Txhua daim ntawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab kev nyuaj hauv cov qauv. Piv txwv li, daim foos ncaj qha boosters tau suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim ua. Lawv tuaj yeem ua, tsis yog nyiam cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb. Cov nyiaj qiv txais nyiaj qiv yuav tsum tau them me ntsis ntau xim ntxiv. Lawv muaj ob peb lub zog thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm lawv qhov kev tso siab rau lwm tus yuav tsum sib txuas.

Cov rowers siv los txhim kho cov ntsia hlau ntsia yog suav tias yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv lub cuab yeej.

Ntsia hlau ntaiv ntawm cosos

Cov hauv qab no kev faib tawm ntawm cov cososov yog nqa tawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob:

  • Ntawm ob sab - nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau Mount 2 tus qauv thiab muaj lawv ntawm ob sab ntawm lub Peb Hlis;

Tus taw

  • Hauv qhov chaw - lub monocosoour yog ntsia rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm staircase.

Tus taw

Qhov dav ntawm lub Staircase yog txawv, thiab yog tias nws tshaj qhov ntsuas ntawm 1.5 meters ntawm 1.5 meters ntawm 1omrov, uas yog, siv ob sab thiab ib qho hauv nruab nrab. Tsis txhob pheej hmoo thiab pib lub installation ntawm tus ntaiv ntawm central monocosor ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev txawj ntse hauv kev suav thiab ua haujlwm zoo sib xws. Txhawm rau tsim cov qauv tsim, koj yuav tsum tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm cov kev pab cuam uas cuam tshuam.

Fastening cov ntaiv ntawm lub hauv paus monocter yog siv rau cov qauv teeb. Yog tias koj xav tsim cov staircase kom zoo, koj yuav tsum nqa ob kab teeb.

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kowra Cov Phiaj Xwm

Qee cov kev cai ntawm kev tsim sab hauv hauv lub tsev xav tau cov kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no siv rau tus ntaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas cov platform ntawm ntau hom yog siv, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb nyob lawv txoj kev ntseeg tau thiab qhov chaw nyob hauv cov kauj ruam. Yog tias koj saib sab ib sab, tom qab ntawd tsuas yog qhov kawg ntawm cov kauj ruam yuav tsum pom. Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau, xa cov schemes uas yuav pab ua kom ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej.

Tshooj nyob rau lub ntsiab lus: Nta Forged ntaiv: Hom, Qhov Zoo thiab Raug Tshuab Technology | +55 Duab

Nrog ib qho

Ntau tus neeg siv tau xaiv cov ntaiv los nruab nrog ib qho hlau kosour. Hauv cov tsev ntiav, xws li ib hom kev txhawb nqa yog siv rau ntsia hlau, ncaj, qeeb thiab lwm hom ntaiv. Cov ntaub ntawv kuj txawv. Cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ob qho hlau thiab ntoo lossis pob zeb ua. Ib tus kosor nyob ncaj qha nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Peb Hlis hauv qab ntaiv. Raws li nws yuav yog ib qho yeeb nkab hlau dog dig.

Scheme ntawm ntaiv nrog ib tus Kosour

Nrog ob

Tus ntaiv raws li ob kouryra yog cov qauv tsim tshaj plaws. Feem ntau cov feem ntau ua txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntoo thiab kom lawv nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm kev tsim kom sib hloov rau ib leeg. Kev hloov pauv no hom ntawm stition tsis nyuaj. Daim duab nrog ob lub kosomers yog siv rau ob lub ntaiv ib nrab thiab ob lossis ntau lub nkoj.

Scheme ntawm ntaiv ntawm ob lub coso

Nrog peb

Rau cov ntaiv, uas muaj qhov loj me, piv txwv, nrog ib qho dav ntawm ntau tshaj 1.5 m, ib qho kev txhawb nqa tau thov, muaj ntawm peb lub cosomers. Qhov no yog qhov thiaj li hu ua ke ntawm ob sab thiab ib lub ntsiab nruab nrab. Ib sab kev sib hais haum yuav ua tau los ua tus taper. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua kom muaj laij. Hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntoo staircasa ntoo ntawm peb lub cososters.

Ntoo staircase ntawm peb lub cosos

Fab ntawm inclination thiab cov kauj ruam

Ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov ntaiv uas yooj yim yog lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev xav hauv qab uas nws yuav nruab. Nws nyob ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub tsev thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sim hloov nws tus kheej.

Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb:

  • Rau kev nce qib, qhov ntsuas ntawm lub kaum sab xis sib raug rau 30;
  • Kom yooj yim siv nyob rau hauv cov neeg nyob zoo li qub - txij li 30 txog 45;
  • Yog tias txuas cov ntaiv tau muab nruab - lawv lub kaum sab xis ntawm Inclination sib raug rau 45;
  • Rau cov chav tua hluav taws hom ntaiv, qhov ntsuas no tshaj 75.

Yog tias muaj cov menyuam yaus tsawg lossis cov neeg laus hauv tsev, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj tus nqi ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm ntau dua 40.

Pom zoo kom ua raws li cov ntaiv

Rau kev txhawb siab zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xav txog thiab kho qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam. Cov hauv qab no rau cov kauj ruam yog qhia hauv cov ntawv tswj hwm: dav - 30 cm, qhov siab - 15 cm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

Pom zoo Staircases

Nws tau raug pov thawj tias ib tus neeg yooj yim dua kom tiav txav ntawm tus ntaiv rau tib qho taw nrog uas nws tau pib tsiv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tso rau tus lej khib ntawm cov kauj ruam.

Yuav ua li cas xam cov naj npawb ntawm stairs

Yuav ua li cas kom raug kev xam Kosur rau cov ntaiv

Los ntawm dab tsi cov khoom ntawm staircase yog tsim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau nws cov kev xam:
  • Tsim qhov siab;
  • Qhov ntev ntawm qhov projection ntawm tus ntaiv lub Peb Hlis rau hauv av;
  • Sab hauv cov lawb ntawm tus ntaiv, uas yog, qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm lub hnub;
  • Mounting qhov tob thiab tus lej ntawm them nyiaj suav nrog grooved;
  • Qhov siab ntawm cov riser.

Los ntawm ntoo

Ua ntej ua tiav nrog cov kev suav ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm lub cosos, koj yuav tsum tau teem qee qhov ntsuas. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem tag nrho, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov theem hauv pem teb mus rau tib txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thib ob. Raws li cov qauv, cov ntsuas no yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 2 m. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov projection rau hauv pem teb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov loj me ntawm chav tsev. Yog li ntawd, txoj haujlwm ntawm cov ntoo ntoo ntoo rau ntawm lub tsev hais plaub yuav tsum xav txog ntawm kev npaj ntawm txoj kev npaj ntawm lub tsev.

Tshooj ntawm cov ncauj lus: Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm iav Stairs [Tsim cov tswv yim thiab cov qauv qauv]

Muab xam txog ntev

Qhov ntev ntawm lub kourow tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov laj thawj geometric. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav kom rov nco qab txog cov chav kawm geometry tsev kawm ntawv thiab thov tus PyThagore's Theorem. Square ntawm cov phiaj xwm pem teb yog ntxiv rau lub xwmfab ntawm qhov siab ntawm tus ntaiv: H² + L² = P², qhov twg r yog qhov ntev ntawm tus ntaiv. Los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau txais, cov hauv paus xwm fab yog muab tshem tawm thiab qhov ntev ntawm kev txhawb nqa tau. Piv txwv li, nrog qhov siab ntawm 3 m thiab qhov projection hauv 4.2 m, nws yog suav nrog 3² + 4.2² = 26.64 - Cov no yog tau txais los ntawm tus nqi ruas, uas yog 5 m 16 cm.

Yuav ua li cas xam qhov ntev ntawm Kourwow ntaiv

Muab xam los ntawm cov lej ntawm cov kauj ruam

Ua ntej ua rau komur rau cov ntaiv nrog lawv tus kheej tes, npaj mus laij cov naj npawb ntawm cov tuaj, uas, raws li, yog sib npaug nrog cov qib. Rau qhov no, qhov ntev ntawm kev txhawb nqa tau muab faib ua qhov tob ntawm theem. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ua piv txwv, qhov tob ntsuas yog 280 hli. Raws li, 5016 mm muab faib los ntawm 280 hli thiab peb tau txais yuav luag 18 kauj ruam. Tam sim no peb tau txiav txim siab nrog tus riser qhov siab. Qhov siab ntawm kev tsim ntawm 3000 mm tau muab faib ua 18 cov kauj ruam thiab vim li ntawd, ib puag ncig parameter tau txais 167 hli.

Kom ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tsim qauv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua raws li cov cai uas qhov siab ntawm tus riser yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 220 hli.

Muab xam los ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov ntaiv

Muab xam los ntawm cov plhuav tawg

Cov neeg caij nkoj tawg ntawm cov kauj ruam txawv txawv txawv txawv teb chaws yog xam los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv, tab sis rau txhua lub Plaub Hlis nyias. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim seb qhov twg uas yuav hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub Peb Hlis.

Ntawm Video: Yuav ua li cas laij cov ntaiv (cov kauj ruam thiab chaw).

Hlau

Cov variants ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm cov staircase ntawm cov hlau txhawb tau ntau heev, tab sis cov nyiam tshaj plaws rau kev puas tsuaj kosur. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo los sib dhos nws nrog koj tus kheej tes, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kev suav thiab xaiv cov khoom zoo rau kev siv vuam. Yog tias muaj teeb meem hauv kev suav, koj tuaj yeem siv lub laij lej online.

Muab xam los ntawm cov lej ntawm cov kauj ruam

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog cov kauj ruam rau cov staircase ntawm tus koser hlau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua qhov ntev ntawm daim duab sib dhos, cov cag ntoo ntawm cov ntaiv thiab lub tsev. Qhov tshwm sim tau muab faib ua qhov tob ntawm theem. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam rau tus ntaiv ntawm cov raj hlau hlau tau txais.

Muab xam los ntawm cov lej ntawm cov kauj ruam

Muab xam txog ntev

Ib tug tshwj xeeb ntawm staircase ntawm cov hlau kourow yog lub xub ntiag ntawm cov ncej uas muaj ntawm cov neeg muaj cov neeg uas tau muab welded. Txhawm rau kom tau txais ntev ntev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam, qhov tob ntawm cov kauj ruam thiab qhov siab ntawm cov risers.

Cov kev txwv no txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm uas hlau ncej ntawm tus ntaiv yog welded. Ib txhia ntawm lawv ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev coj, lwm tus - tus riser. Hauv qhov no, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los txiav txim siab txog lawv qhov ntev.

Qhov ntev ntawm cov blanks rau sticking sib haum rau qhov tob ntawm theem ntawm theem ntxiv rau qhov dav ntawm cov hlau profile.

Yuav ua li cas xam tau qhov ntev ntawm Hlau Nyuj

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov loj me ntawm kev pheej hmoo, rau nws qhov siab ntxiv tib qho profile dav. Nyob rau sab nraud nyob rau hauv seem nyob rau hauv daim pam vov yuav welded nrog txhua lwm yam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab ntawm lub kaum ntawm 45. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm 45.

Tshooj ntawm cov ntsiab lus: Cov cim ntawm cov staircase hlau ntawm cov staircase: kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis

Ntawm daim vis dis aus: ua ib qho hlau tawg knocker rau tus ntaiv.

Txhim kho cov ntaiv ntawm lub cosos

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev thiab tsis muaj tus nqi zog ua haujlwm yog mounted ntaiv ntawm tsob ntoo cosoms. Txhawm rau kom muaj lub zog siab, uas yuav tau txais kev cawmdim tom qab tas sij hawm, nws muaj peev xwm them sai sai rau kev xaiv ntawm cov ntoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov muaj feem, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov tawv hardwood. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias ua haujlwm nrog lawv me ntsis nyuaj dua.

Ntoo staircase ntawm nyuj nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes

Cov Kauj Ruam Mounting

Ua ntej ua raws li kev teeb tsa ywj siab ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm lub cosos, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov laug cam ntawm cov laug cam. Hauv qhov no, cov tuab tuab thiab dav thiab dav dav yog ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov ntev ntawm staircase.

Ntawm theem tom ntej yog txiav txim siab nrog txoj kev ntawm kev ua kom nrawm - ntawm mare lossis tsis muaj nws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum nws tau txiav txim siab los npaj lub installation yam tsis muaj kev lom zem, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua cov yeeb yam zoo li no:

1. Cov chaw ntawm kev txiav tau muab tso rau ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Cim yog ua los ntawm daim duab peb sab sib dhos. Ntawm ib qho knitting ntawm daim duab peb sab, qhov tob ntawm cov nplaum tau sau tseg, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov siab ntawm kev pheej hmoo.

2. Tom qab ua ntawv thov khij, nws yog embarking rau kev tawm ntawm cov tawg. Koj tuaj yeem ua cov slots los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm cov electrolovka lossis cov duab pom.

Ua ib tus neeg siv nyiaj rau lub staircase

3. Ntawm theem kawg, nws yog txiav txim siab nrog ib qhov ntev ntawm theem. Nws tuaj yeem tso rau hauv luv luv nrog nqaj, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub txee rau cov nqaj rau ob peb centimeters.

Kev tsim khoom ntawm cov ntaiv taw nrog lawv tus kheej tes

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum lub installation yuav ua tau siv cov neeg fukem, cov ntawv tawg tsis xav tau. Ncaj qha rau cov peev txheej txhawb pab rau kev txhawb nqa, uas yuav muaj daim duab peb sab lossis trapezium puab. Rau kev teeb tsa txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov nqaj muab qhov tsim ntawm lub qhov me me.

Kosur nrog Maobyls

Txhim kho ntawm cov kauj ruam

Ua ntej koj pib nruab cov ntaiv ntawm lub cosos, koj yuav tsum xav ua ntej ob qho tib si txoj kev teeb tsa thiab hom khawm khawm. Cov kauj ruam ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm cov kab teeb ntoo nyob ntawm qee yam.

Xav txog cov nta ntawm kho cov kauj ruam:

  • Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaum cov kauj ruam tau txiav, cov kauj ruam yog tsau ncaj qha rau lub boosters los ntawm txoj kev tapping ntawm tus kheej thiab cov neeg coob coob.

Txoj kev ntawm cov txheej txheem Fastening rau Kosomers

  • Thaum siv ntoo ntoo, theem ntawm cov kab teeb tau mounted siv cov dowels, bolts, screws.

Txoj kev ntawm cov txheej txheem Fastening rau Kosomers

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov laj kab

Tus ntsia ntawm staircase ntawm cov platforms yog cov kev tsheb nqaj hlau uas txuas rau balusters. Lub mount nws tus kheej yog nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev nkhaus lossis kev sib tw tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd lawv lub kaus mom raug kaw nrog cov ntoo ntoo plug.

Tsim ib tug ntaiv ntoo ntawm lub cosoms ua koj tus kheej

Tsim ib tug stair staircase ntawm rauv taws (2 video)

Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouosra (50 cov duab)

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm Kouostra: Schemes thiab muab xam [Pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb]

Nyeem ntxiv