Amamveka ngati zida zosatsukidwa, chikhalidwe cha kupanga chomwe chimakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 5,000. Ngati nsalu ya ulusi wamasamba akalumikizidwa ndi alimi, ndiye kuti ma nomad ndi zopangira ng'ombe za Eurasia, zidapangitsa kuti ng'ombe zikhalepo, adaphunzira kunyamula nkhosa zowala. Pakadali pano ku Mongolia, Afghanistan, Iran, Buryatia ndi malo ena omveka amachita chimodzimodzi zaka masauzande zapitazo . Nsalu yowirira iyi imasandulidwa, kutsimikizira zomwe "boom" yeniyeni ya zaka zaposachedwa.
Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira?
M'tsiku ndi tsiku la anthu ambiri aku Asia mpaka lero, amasangalala malo ofunikira kwambiri. Zimapanga nyumba yosakhalitsa (yurt) ndipo pafupifupi zamkati zonse, zida zankhondo zoteteza komanso zida zachuma zidapangidwa kuchokera kwa iyo, slim idamvekera idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito nsapato, zipewa zazikulu za zovala zozizira.
Amatsutsana kuti kununkhira kwa ubweya wa nkhosa kumasiyanitsa karakurts. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe achilengedwe ankawerengedwa ngati munthu wamatsenga komanso wochita zochizira (komabe, wotsatirayo sakukana ndi mankhwala amakono), adamalizidwa mosamala ndikukongoletsedwa. Mpaka pano, njira zitatu zazikulu zokongoletsera zinthu zimasungidwa:
- Kukula kwa zokongoletsera, pomwe ubweya wachikuda umawola pamaziko molingana ndi mawonekedwe, pambuyo pake nthawi yomwe imachitika ndikudzaza (amphaka a Turkmen).
- Ntchito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.
- Kukumbatira (Buryat ndi Mongolia adamva).
Russia ndi anthu ena achi Slavic adatenga ubweya wa ubweya wochokera ku anthu aku Asia, chitsimikizo cha dzina la Turkic lomwe dzina lake (AJYYK - wogona). Adamva kuti ndi zinthu zofala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsapato zazikazi zamzimale.
Izi nsalu zafalikira ku Europe - makamaka ngati mawonekedwe owonda, omwe amapangidwa, kugubuduza osakaniza ndi ubweya ndi fluff pakati pa odzigudubuza.
Pakadali pano, osati utoto wokha, komanso makamaka ka wolimba katswiri wowoneka ngati ulusi wopangidwa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa zosowa zaukadaulo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, mitundu yotereyi imamveka ngati:
- Mafuta owonjezera (6-12 mm), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafuta ndi kutchinjiriza, magawo pansi pa linoleum, ma gaskets osiyanasiyana, zosefera, zosefera, zosewerera.;
- Ukadaulo wamatsenga (2.4-6 mm), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ukadaulo wamagetsi;
- Mipando, yomwe imadziwika ndi zofewa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando ndi matiresi.
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Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zovala zimapanga mitundu yotere ya zinthu zosadziwika izi:
- nsapato yomwe mumapanga nsapato zosiyanasiyana, ma heroni, solo;
- Podhomovoy ndi zina - za zopangidwa ndi mipando;
- yurt;
- Kumva (nsapato, zipewa, zokongoletsa, zida).
Chiyambire kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwatha, koma zaka makumi angapo zapitazi kufunika kwake kwachuluka kwambiri. Kupanga kwa nsapato zokhala ndi tsitsi, zitsanzo zomwe zidakhala zokongola komanso zokhala bwino, zowonjezera, zowonjezera zina, komanso zinthu zokongoletsera zimapangidwa. Malangizo enieni enieni a zitsulo ndi mapanelo a chitsulo, komanso mitundu ina ya zojambulajambula ndi zaluso kuchokera ku nkhaniyi.
Katundu ndi chisamaliro
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kosiyanasiyana kwa nsalu zaubweya kunalandira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
- Kuyera kwa chilengedwe ndi kuthekera kotheratu zinthu zoyipa.
- Gigoscopicity ndi kuthekera kochotsa chinyezi.
- Katundu wa antibacterial.
- Kuchuluka kwamphamvu.
- Kulemera kochepa.
- Mphamvu.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti malingaliro amawonongeka chifukwa cha Mol, ndipo, mankhwala oyenera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wobzaza zodekha ndipo ndi wodetsedwa, kotero nsalu zodulidwa zimafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika. Malamulo ake amatengera mtundu wa zomwe amamva, koma mulimonse ziyenera kuwuma, ndiye kuti tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino fumbi.
Kutsuka Zogulitsa kuchokera kuzomwe zimamveka: nsapato, chikwama, zoseweretsa, etc.
Kusamba kuli kovomerezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, koma ziyenera kuchitika mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kapena ofunda pang'ono ndi kukonzekera kwapadera kwa ubweya wokhala ndi lanolin.
Nsapato (nsapato, slipper, ma stroseles) amanyowa m'madzi ozizira, kenako amachotsedwa popanda kupindika ndipo osagwada, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito burashi. Kenako malonda amafinyidwa pang'ono, atapanikizidwa mosavuta mu thaulo ndikuwuma pa block.
Mofananamo, mutha kutsuka thumba, pambuyo pake limathiridwa ndi manyuzipepala ndikuwuma ndi mode ("ubweya" mode). Chosavuta kusamba zoseweretsa komanso zinthu, koma sangathe kuwuma pafupi ndi magwero otentha.
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