Mugihe cyo kubaka amazu yigenga, igisenge akenshi gikora icyiciro. Hariho impamvu zayo. Iya mbere yizewe. Muraho inkingi hamwe numuyaga nuburayi. Iya kabiri irahuye ninzura iyo ari yo yose. Iya gatatu irahendutse. Iya kane nigishushanyo cyoroshye kigoye kwangiza. Gatanu - birasa neza. Ibi byose, ndetse nukuri igisenge cya kabiri cyubatswe n'amaboko yabo tutabaho ubumenyi bwihariye, bugena ibyamamare byayo.
Igisenge cyakusanyirijwe hamwe cyiteguye kwishyiriraho ibisenge
Kwishyiriraho intambwe ya-intambwe yinzu ebyiri
Nkuko wabibonye hejuru, hari sisitemu nyinshi ziranstes. Kubwibyo, iyo biteranya buriwese hariho ibiranga, ariko muri rusange gahunda imwe. Igomba kuvugwa kubyerekeye intambwe rusange: Gutuma no gutunganya ibiti. Iki cyiciro kirakenewe niba waguze ibiti bishya, kandi nturuma.
Koresha mugihe cyo kubaka igisenge cyibiti bibi byubushuhe kamere bizaganisha kubibazo: Ibiti bizakorwa, bazimuka, bazimuka, geometrie izahinduka. Ibi byose bizaganisha ku bibaho byerekana ibintu hamwe nibimenyetso bike byo kurenza urugero (urubura rwinshi, umuyaga mwinshi cyangwa imvura) uzatangira inzira mbi. Kurandura kwabo ni ikintu kitoroshye kandi gihenze. Kubwibyo, cyangwa kugura ibiti byumye (bitarenze 20%, nibyiza ko byumisha 8-12%), cyangwa kugura ibikoresho mumezi abiri, bihutira guhumeka. Nyuma yo kuvura ibikenewe (uhereye ku byangiritse kuri fungi no kugabanya inkoko) hanyuma hanyuma ukoreshe sisitemu yo gushiraho moremo muri kwishyiriraho.
Ibiti bikeneye gukama mu bice bihumeka. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, bagabanijwe hamwe nimbaho ngufi. Bashyizwe muri metero uhereye ku mpande hanyuma unyuze muri metero. Munsi yo hepfo shyiramo neza
Kubijyanye nibyingenzi byinteko, uburyo bwo gukora igisenge kinini, tuzakubwira muri iki gice.
Mauerlat
Inteko ya sisitemu yihuse yinzu ebyiri ziva muri Mauerlat iratangira. Igomba gushyirwaho rwose, kuko mbere yo gutangira kwishyiriraho, hatambitse urukuta rugenzurwa neza, aho bibaye ngombwa, bihujwe na sima. Urashobora gukomeza gukora nyuma yumuti uzareka imbaraga 50%.
Ukurikije sisitemu, ni urukurikirane rwa 150 * 150 mm cyangwa ikibaho gifite ibipimo bya 50 * 150 mm. Ifatanye kumurongo wo hejuru wurukuta. Niba inzu yimbaho, uruhare rwayo rukora ikamba ryo hejuru. Niba inkuta zigizwe no kubaka urumuri - Perbeton cyangwa Beerete hamwe nabandi - gukomera kwabo ntabwo bihagije kugirango bagabanye umutwaro. Muri uru rubanza, hejuru yumurongo wanyuma wa Masonry Umukandara ushimangirwa, winjizamo byihuse - insinga cyangwa sitidiyo. Kuri bo noneho ibiti cyangwa ikibaho biranyuzwe.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Umutekano wumuriro munzu
Gushiraho Mauerlat kuri sitidiyo
Uburyo bwo Kwiga Urukuta na Mauerlata Byinshi:
- Muri Masonry (muri beto yemewe), insinga yoroshye yo kuzunguruka ya diameter nini irakosowe (kuzimya kabiri). Ubuyobozi noneho bukorerwa ahantu hakenewe kwumwobo urimo gukora. Hanyuma bigoreka kandi byunamye.
- Mu rukuta, imyizerere ifunze itari munsi ya mm 12 mm. Munsi yabo muri Mauerlat, ibyobo byashyizwe ku kibaho / ikibaho) no gukomera hamwe n'imbuto hamwe no gutsimbarara.
- Guhuza ibiti cyangwa ikibaho kuruhande cyangwa imbere yimbere kurukuta, fata imyitozo hamwe na diameter ya mm 12 ikora umwobo wa anchor. Imyanda imwe (ya diameter imwe ni mm 12) hejuru yingofero, hanyuma uringire urufunguzo.
Intera iri hagati ya sitidiyo (wire) ntigomba kurenza cm 120. Ku rukuta (umukandara) munsi ya Mauerlat, gabanya amazi yanze bikunze. Ibi birashobora kuba mubice bibiri byumuhanda usubira inyuma cyangwa hydroisol, urashobora kuzamura na bitumen mastic.
Gushiraho igihe
Ubwoko bwa sisitemu yo guteremo yinzu yumuyoboro ntabwo ari icumi. Mbere ya byose, ugomba guhitamo uko ibyawe bizareba. Byongeye kandi, kugirango ukore byoroshye, bikozwe mubibaho biryoshye byimodoka zose, iminkanyari nibindi bisobanuro bisa. Kugirango ukore ibi, ushobora gukenera guteranya imiterere yambere hejuru yinzu, hanyuma witegure gukora inyandikorugero.
Kusanya imirima yiteguye hanyuma hanyuma uzamure igisenge
Urutonde rwo guterana ruterwa n'ubwoko bwa sisitemu ya rafter. Niba impinduka zimpinduka, zishyirwaho buhoro buhoro, gukusanya mubintu biri hejuru yinzu. Muri iki gihe, biroroshye niba imbibi zo hejuru yimitsi, niba bishoboka, attic cyangwa attic.
Muri sisitemu hamwe no kumanika ku isi, umurima ugiye - inyabutatu yuzuye yo gukomera no gutombora amaguru hamwe nibikondo byose. Umubare wimirima usabwa yakusanyijwe ako kanya. Noneho barabarera hejuru yinzu, bagaragaza uhagaritse kandi bifatanye na Mauerlat.
Ku ruhande rumwe, biroroshye - ku isi biroroshye gukora, hamwe n'iteraniro rinini ryihuta cyane cyane: umurima umwe ntabwo utandukanye cyane n'undi, wononosora inzira. Ariko kurekurwa imirima yiteguye-yakozwe iragoye, cyane cyane ku nyubako nini. Kugirango byoroshye gukora, shyira ikibaho bibiri bihuriye, impera imwe irangiye mu butaka, naho icya kabiri gifata hejuru y'urukuta. Imirima iregera kuri iyi "lift", imwe yashyizwe hepfo, ihambire imigozi kandi ikomanga hejuru yinzu. Mugihe habuze winch cyangwa crane, ubu nuburyo bwemewe cyane.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Nigute kuzuza hasi hamwe na beto munzu cyangwa munzu wowe ubwawe (video)
Inteko ya Rafter irasaba ubumenyi runaka: Nkuko bikabashyiramo, uburyo bwo gushiraho no gukora isasu. Inteko imwe muri gahunda na nyirakuru, reba videwo.
Inzira yo guteranya sisitemu ya rafter
- Yerekanye imiterere ikabije. Bahujwe kandi bahabwa umutekano muguhagarara by'agateganyo. Urashobora kandi gukenera gufatirwa by'agateganyo, imisumari ku rukuta rw'inzu: kugaburira ikibaho kizimya inkuta. Urashobora koroshya umurima wambere kuriwo (keretse niba urukuta ruroroshye). Kuruhande kurundi ruhande ninkoni yigihe gito, ntabwo ijya.
Nigute washyira sisitemu ya rafter
- Ibikurikira, twine irambuye hagati yimirima yashizweho. Bibaho kurwego rwa skate no kumpande zombi hepfo - kumpera yamaguru. Inzibusa zirambuye zigenzurwa kuri horizontal - shyiramo urwego rwiza. Niba hari gutandukana, imirima yagaragajwe cyane, ugomba kuyobora amaguru ya rafter kuri umwe muribo. Rimwe na rimwe iyo utandukiriye umugozi wa skate ugerageza guhindura imirima iragabanuka umurima. Ariko ntibishoboka gukora ibi: "Ndamira" sisitemu yose.
Hagati yimirima ikabije, twine iratangajwe kugirango igenzure neza geometrie
- Imirima ikabije yagaragaye kuri Mauerlat. Uburyo bubingwa bushingiye kubwoko bwa sisitemu yatoranijwe kandi birashobora kunyerera cyangwa kutanyerera. Ubwoko bwa sisitemu yimyambaro yimigezi ebyiri-amajwi hamwe nogereza ibirenge byimyenda kuri Mauerlat na Skate Bruus Biteganijwe muri iyi ngingo.
- Imirima ikurikira irashyirwa, yibanda kuri twine irambuye. Biroroshye cyane kohereza kuri mauertora intambwe yifuzwa yintambwe ya Rafter, reba niba Mariko ari ukuri hanyuma hanyuma utangire kuzamuka no gutunganya imirima. Kugira ngo mu buryo bwubwubatsi budakubita uruhinja rwashyizweho, bifatanye ku bindi bimenyetso byigihe gito, shyira stind. Bafashwe nyuma yuko itara ryuzuye.
- Sisitemu ya Rafter yerekanwe itwikiriwe nigice cya membran ofterroof ofter ofpane, hejuru yitara ryuzuye. Imyenda yo hejuru yubusa ukurikije ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ni itegeko, ubundi ko insuji izasebya, izashishikara, yataye amafaranga). Niba igisenge kikonje, urashobora gukora udafite amazi.
Byose, igisenge cyumutuku cyegeranijwe kandi cyiteguye kwishyiriraho ibikoresho byo gusakara.
Igikorwa cyo kwishyiriraho Rafter gitera ibibazo bihagije, ariko ntibishoboka kuvuga inzira nyinshi. Reba imwe muri zo muri videwo. Sisitemu ni nini kandi izamuka hejuru yinzu yibice, kandi harikuza mu gishushanyo kimwe. Amazu manini ni yorohewe.
Ibiranga kwishyiriraho sisitemu yihuta yinzu yimbaho
Itandukaniro riri hagati yamazu yimbaho nuko inzu yibagiwe itanga agakara, kandi ibi biganisha ku mpinduka muri geometrie ya sisitemu yo kongerera. Niba ibintu bizirikana, igisenge gishobora gutandukana. Kubwibyo, kwizihinga biruka kureremba. Hano hari urufatiro rwihariye rwo kunyerera, muri uru rubanza ruzirikana rufter ku ikamba ryo hejuru no kwiruka, niba hari (reba ifoto).
Uburyo bwo gufunga sisitemu yo kuroga inzu ya bang
Kuri kwimurwa mu bwisanzure mugihe cyo kugabanuka, igice kinini cyagenwe kiragaragara neza kuruhande rwacyo, ni perpendicular kumutwe. Nibiba ngombwa, urubuga rwaciwemo. Shira umusozi kugirango ifuni iri mumwanya muto cyangwa hafi yayo. Wiziritse ku migozi idasanzwe yo kwikubita hasi iza muri kit (ibisanzwe ntibikwiye). Niba kwishyiriraho bikozwe ku giti kugirango ikirenge cya rafter kinyerera hejuru yacyo, ikigo cya semiccular cyaciwe mugice cyo hepfo, kizishingikiriza.
Abarishyibo bagurishwa ku isoko iryo ariryo ryose ryubwubatsi, byitwa "kunyerera". Nigute washyira kunyerera kuri Bruus reba muri videwo.
Video ku iteraniro no kwishyiriraho sisitemu ya rafter ibisenge bya duplex
Igisenge kibiri hejuru cyubatswe n'amaboko ye: Amasoko menshi na Nugences, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo gufunga, kwagura. Gusobanura mumagambo, umucuruzi wabo ntashimangira. Nibibazo mugihe ari byiza kubona. Hasi utanga guhitamo videwo ushobora kuba ingirakamaro.Raporo ya Video yukuntu igisenge cya kabiri cyakozwe
Inkuru ya nyir'inzu ijyanye nibyiciro byubwubatsi. Hano haribintu bishimishije bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.
Ubwoko bubiri bwo guhuza ibintu: bikomeye no kunyerera
Video kubyerekeye ubwoko bubiri buteye ibibazo.Nigute ushobora kumenya inguni zidasanzwe
Sisitemu yuzuye ya videwo
Iyi filime ifata munsi yisaha imwe, ariko inzira igaragazwa kuva itangiriro kandi kugeza imperuka hamwe nibisobanuro byinshi. Igisenge gishyirwa ku munzu, ariko iyo ushyiraho ku nyubako z'undi bwoko (usibye amazu y'ibiti) nta tandukaniro.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Igishushanyo cya kigeze kigezweho: Igishushanyo mbonera, Ifoto 2019, Ifoto 2019, ibitekerezo byinzu, uburyo bw'imbere, uburyo bwo guhana inzu, ibitekerezo, amabara abiri mu gikoni, videwo