Urebye neza, igishushanyo mbonera hasi ku rugero ruto ntakintu kigoye.
Ariko, kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo kwishyiriraho, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi mubuzima bwa serivisi.
Iki nikintu cyinzu myinshi yo munzu, ikorerwa imitwaro myinshi kandi ihura nibidukikije byo hanze, bityo igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye gufatwa neza ninshingano.
Ibisabwa mu ikoranabuhanga
Igikoresho gikwiye kuri plate ya beto bikorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa nubwubatsi. Zirangwa nibishushanyo mbonera yibintu byose.
Byongeye kandi, bagomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bisanzwe biranga iki kibazo: Kugira ngo biramba, kwihanganira umutima, kwambara.
Mugukora ijambo kubibanza byo guturamo, ugomba gutekereza kubushyuhe n'amajwi meza mbere. Niba tuvuga kubyerekeye ibisabwa byikoranabuhanga bisanzwe, dushobora gutanga amategeko menshi aranga ibi bihe.
| Biranga | Izina, imiterere ya tekiniki | Ibisobanuro bigufi |
|---|---|---|
| Gost 31358 - 2007 | Inyubako yumye ivanze kuri sima | Imitungo n'ibihe bigize sima ivanze. Koresha hasi |
| Gost 10178 - 85 | Sima | Ibintu bya tekiniki nibisabwa kubikoresho bikoreshwa kuri sction |
| Gost 25328 - 82 | Sima yo kubaka minisiteri | Amakuru yubuyobozi ajyanye nibigize nibiranga imvange |
| Gost 24640 - 91 | Ongeraho kuri sima | Reba nuburyo bwo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bikoreshwa mukuzuza amagorofa |
| Gost 7473 - 94 | Ivanga | Imiterere, inganda no gukoresha imvange kumurongo fatizo |
| Snup 2.03.01-84 | Beto kandi ishimangira igishushanyo mbonera | Kwinjiza W / W W ibishushanyo, amagorofa hamwe no gushimangira |
| Snup 3.02.01-87 | Isi Yubaka Isi na Fondasiyo | Inzira yo kwimura amagorofa |
| SP 52 - 101 - 2003 | Gushushanya bifatika kandi bishimangira imiterere ya beto nta jambo ryibanze rya gushimangira | Inzira yo gushimangira beto |
| Snup 2.03.13-88 | Amagorofa | Igisubizo cyubaka, ibisabwa byo kwishyiriraho |
Gutegura, guhitamo ibikoresho no kwishyiriraho bigomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku bisabwa muri izi nyandiko. Kubahiriza ibipimo bizakora ubuso buzasubiza ibipimo byose byashyizweho.
Mubindi bintu, bizaba bifite ibiranga bikurikira:
- Urufatiro rukomeye kandi rukomeye ruzaremwa, rworoshye kandi rufite akamaro ku rugendo rwiza rw'abantu.
- Bizaba byiza, kwambara, kuramba.
- Nk'uko amabwiriza y'isumiya, abitangaza, urufatiro ruzaremwa rutagira ingaruka ku bantu no gutanga ibihe byiza byo kubaho.
- Ibipimo byibikorwa biranga korohereza kwita no gusana bishoboka.
Inyandiko zose zateguwe ninzobere naba injeniyeri, ntabwo rero zisabwa kubirengagiza.
Gutondekanya
Igorofa igizwe na screed, insulation no gupfukisho hasi byitwa bitandukanye
Isesengura ryuzuye ryibintu bigufasha guhitamo ibyiciro byinshi byamagorofa yatandukanijwe nintego. Izi ni inyubako zikora, inyubako zo guturamo, ibigo bya leta hamwe ninyamanswa.
Ingingo ku ngingo: itandukaniro rya Windows ya plastike
Hariho ibindi bintu bimwe na bimwe biranga, mbere ya byose, gutandukana nubwoko: monolithic, kuzunguruka nigice. Kwishyiriraho urubuga rwo kwishyiriraho bigabanijwe bitewe n'ahantu: hejuru y'icyumba gishyushye, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka, ukurikije guhuza imikorere.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byegeranye byerekana ubwoko 3 bwo gushiraho hasi:
- Urwego rumwe, rwakozwe mu bikoresho bihuye n 'urugendo rw'amabuye yo gutakaza ubushyuhe no kurwanya amajwi;
- Igishushanyo gitandukanye cyakozwe mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'amajwi, gisobanutse kandi ndangije guhimba;
- Ubusa, byakozwe na lags (subservabuse) hamwe na stuling hagati yabo n'amajwi meza.
Sobanukirwa nuburyo bwo gukora igorofa nziza mugihe ukurikiza ibisabwa byinshi, birashoboka nyuma yo kumenyera byimazeyo ibipimo.
Ibiranga ishingiro rya beto
Kuba imbere yikibazo gikora neza, benshi baza kusomeza ko shingiro bereme ari imwe mu kwikuramo cyane.
Birenze igiti kubwimpamvu nyinshi, icyingenzi muricyo kiba ubudahangarwa bwo gushiraho inzira ziboze.
Byongeye kandi, beto ntizatera ubwoba rimwe na rimwe, ifite ubuso bukomeye buhagije, budatinya ingaruka za mashini.
Beto ntabwo yibasiwe no kwishoramo no kuramba
Ibipimo byerekana ubuhehere ugereranije n'igiti, nabyo, ku burebure. Ariko, bigomba kwitondera ko bimwe mubibi byibiti bishobora kuvaho ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Ntukureho hejuru kandi wibagirwe ibidukikije. Kuva guhora dukora ibitsina bikonje kugirango ukureho gusa nyuma yo gushiraho isoko yinyongera yubushyuhe (hasi). Ukurikije ibi, uburyo bwiza cyane buzamura neza kuri beto ya tile mu bwiherero, umusarani cyangwa igikoni. Kuburyo bwo gutura, ibyumba byo kubaho birasabwa gukoresha ibindi bikoresho hamwe nubushyuhe budasanzwe no guhumurizwa.
Gushyira hasi
Imbaho zirashobora gufatirwa kuri beto cyangwa kwambara lags
Gushyira igiti kuri shingiro fatizo, urashobora gukoresha bumwe muburyo 3.
Buri wese muri bo atandukanye rwose n'uwahozeho, atwemerera kuvuga ku nyungu zitandukanye n'ibibi.
Uburyo nibwo bukurikira:
- Imbaho zifatirwa na beto base;
- yashyizwe kuri lags;
- Guma kumpapuro za PLYFOD.
Uburyo bwose bwo hasi hejuru yisahani ya beto ihuza imwe - Imyiteguro yubuso irakorwa kimwe, tutitaye kubindi bikorwa.
Umuseke agomba kunyobwa neza kandi agamirwa.
Imbuga za convex zirashobora gukurwaho no gusya, kwiheba - gusuka imvange yo kwisiga.
Nyuma yibyo, birasabwa gutegura urufatiro rwo gushyiraho itumanaho ryambutse munsi. Birashobora kuba ibintu bigize amagorofa ashyushye, umuyoboro wa sewage, gutanga amazi, amashanyarazi, televiziyo cyangwa umugozi wa interineti.
Gukata birashobora gukorwa na grinder
Mugihe cyo gutunganya icyumba gifite ubuso bwa m2 ya m2 50, byifuzwa gukora ingamba zigabanya imico ikomeye. Muri iki gihe, babifashijwemo na grinder hamwe nuruziga rwa diyama, gutemwa byinshi. Gusa nyuma yiyo shingiro rya primer iremewe.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Kubika ibintu kurukuta: Abategura, indobo, ibiseke nibindi bitekerezo
Antiseptic izakora uruhare rwamatapi kandi izarinda ishingiro ryimikurire ya mold cyangwa ihindagurika kubintu byimbaho. Ihitamo ryiza cyane ridahinduka nigice kimwe cyingenzi. Kureba neza ko beto yumye rwose, urashobora gufatwa kugirango ushire hasi.
Ubushuhe bwisahani yisahani ntibigomba kuba bitarenze 4%.
Impumyi
Gukaza imbere ikibaho kinini hamwe nibigize polyurethane
Igishushanyo mbonera cyamagorofa gifatwa nkiburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyiriraho ibiti kuri beto. Ibi bikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwibihimbano bitandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwinama.
Ubugari bunini bugaragaramo hamwe na elastike yahinduwe-igice kimwe cya polyurethane. Ikigo kinini kinini cyangwa cyubuhanga gikosowe kubintu bibiri bya polyurethane.
Urutonde rwakazi nirwo rukurikira:
- Kuramo imbaho yubunini bwifuzwa.
- Ibigize ibigo bifatika bikoreshwa mu mfuruka ya kure y'icyumba ku muturanyi, kugabura hejuru bikozwe neza ukoresheje spatula ibuza.
- Ibibaho 3 - 4 bikwirakwizwa kururu rubuga kandi birakosowe. Muri icyo gihe, bigomba kubabazana cyane, biremewe kubikora n'umukandara ushikamye.
- Nyuma yo kugenzura urukurikirane rwashyizweho, inzira ikorwa nuburyo bwasobanuwe mbere. Ushaka ibisobanuro birambuye kuburyo twakuramo ibikoresho byo kurangiza hasi, reba iyi video:
Intera iri hagati yikibaho gikabije nurukuta rugomba kuba byibuze mm 10 - 15.
Aryamye kuri lags
Gutinya ntibigomba kuba byiza cm 2
Igikoresho nk'iki kirimo kwishyiriraho imbaho kuri lags, gukosorwa neza ku rufatiro rufatika. Ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa gusa niba ubunini bwabo burenze mm 20. Bitabaye ibyo, bazagaburirwa munsi yumutwaro.
Tanga ibiti hejuru byemejwe ukurikije ibipimo byemewe, bitewe nubunini bwinama. Kugira ngo usobanure kwigenga, urashobora kuyoborwa nimbonerahamwe ikurikira.
Igice cya Cross Cross muriki gihe ntabwo kigira uruhare, kuko kwishyiriraho bikorwa hejuru.
Ikibaho cyagenwe no kwishushanya
Gusa nyuma yo kubara byose byakozwe, kandi ibikoresho byaguzwe kandi bikagata ukurikije ingano yifuzwa, urashobora gukomeza kwishyiriraho.
Muri icyo gihe, ntukibagirwe gutunganya ibintu byose byuburyo bwibiti ukoresheje antiseptique arinda ubuhemu na fungus.
Urutonde rw'akazi ni ukuzuza ibikorwa bikurikira:
- Gutaba byashizweho kumurongo wa beto hifashishijwe inanga ya anchor. Muri icyo gihe, ingofero yifuzwa gukurura mu giti. Iyo ushizeho hejuru yubuso, urashobora gukoresha ibyuma. Bakora igishushanyo birambye, ariko buturuka ku mirimo yinyongera ku guhuza. Muri urwo rubanza, ubwo itumanaho ryakozwe imbere mu myanya be, kandi gucukura ni ibyangiritse biteje akaga, biremewe gukoresha ibinyabiziga bya bitumen bigatera.
- Ibiti byashyizwe kuri beto ntaguhuza byongeye kugenzurwa nurwego. Ibintu byose bigomba kuba mu ndege imwe. Yamenyekanye amakosa akurwaho nindege. Nkigisubizo, gutandukana ntarengwa ntibigomba kurenga mm 3 kumurongo wa 2.
- Hagati yigiti gikabije n'urukuta rushyizwe mu isahani yoroshye y'ibiti byoroshye, bikora uruhare rw'amajwi.
- Ibisigaye hagati yabo byifuzwa kuzuza insulation yubushyuhe (ceramzite, ifuro rya polystyrene, ubwonko bwamabuye).
- Ikibaho gikosowe ku murongo hamwe no kwikuramo. Gukoresha imisumari muri uru rubanza ntabwo bisabwa, kuva igihe runaka nyuma yigihe runaka, ishingiro rirarekuwe kandi rishobora gutangira guhaguruka. Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gutera lags, reba iyi video:
Ikiranga igishushanyo ni ikiguzi kinini kandi amahirwe yo gushyira munsi yubushyuhe bwo hasi, guhisha itumanaho ryaho.
Kuri Faneru
Saba gushiraho umugambi wa diagonally
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: gushushanya imbere - Igihangano cyumwimerere n'amaboko yabo
Gushyira hasi yimbaho kuri slab ya beto, impapuro za Plywood cyangwa OSB ibibyimba 16 - 20 mm zikoreshwa.
Ibikoresho bigomba kuba ubuhehere. Yaguze amasahani yaciwe mumirongo mito ya cm 50 - 80.
Kurambika bikorwa mu cyerekezo cya diagonal aha hantu ho gutwarwa. Icyuho hagati yabo ntigomba kurenga mm 3. Ibice bifatanye na kole cyangwa gukosora ku gitambaro. Nyuma yo kwishyiriraho, ubuso burasukuye kandi busukurwa mu mukungugu.
Ni ngombwa ko plywood ari yoroheje cyane
Ibyiza byubu buryo nubushobozi bwo kunganirwa hejuru bifite uburebure bwa cm 1. Uburyo bwo kurambirwa ku muheshyi ufatwa nkibyoroshye kandi bihendutse.
Ariko, kwishyiriraho kwisiga, ugomba kuzirikana ibintu byinshi. Mbere ya byose, ni umubyimba w'impapuro, ugomba guhura nubunini bwimbaho, uceceke. Byongeye kandi, gutunganya itegeko rya primer no kwitonda.
Ibyiza hejuru yuburyo ukoresheje lag nuko uburebure bwigisenge bwicyumba ntabwo bwahindutse.
Rimwe na rimwe, ibitekerezo byabantu batazi ubwenge bumvikana ko igikoresho cya etage kuri slab ya beto igoye cyane, ihenze kandi ihenze kandi iteye ubwoba. Mubyukuri, ntabwo aribyo.
Guhitamo kwagutse mu nyubako zigezweho no kurangiza bigufasha gukemura iki kibazo mugihe gito. Muri icyo gihe, igikombe kizaba gishyushye bihagije kandi kiraramba, nubwo kizaba kiri ku isahani ikonje. Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gushiraho impapuro za Plywood kuri Lag, reba iyi video:
Ikintu cyonyine muriki gihe kirasabwa kuri wewe - kubahiriza neza ibisabwa byikoranabuhanga n'amabwiriza ajyanye n'imitungo itandukanye iranga ibikoresho byo kubaka ibikoresho byo gukora.