Benshi mu banyeshuri batanga imirimo yihariye kuri biologiya. Imwe muri rusange ni ukusanya ingero zisi yibimera. Gukora interbarium mumababi n'amaboko yawe, ugomba gukora imbaraga nyinshi. Nyuma ya byose, birakenewe neza guhitamo ibimera, byumye kandi utere neza muri alubumu idasanzwe. Icyiciro cya Master gito cyo gukora icyegeranyo cyamababi cyumye kizagufasha gushyigikira umuseke muto mubikorwa bye. Biturutse kubikoresho uziga amategeko yo gushingiramo kandi urashobora gutegura neza alubumu y'ibimera. Byongeye kandi, tuzavuga ubundi buryo bwo gukora icyegeranyo cyibimera.
Ibikorwa bya siyanse ya Botany yemereye umuntu wajyaho kugira igitekerezo cyibimera bidasanzwe. Ubwoko butandukanye bwacitse buri munsi, kandi abashya baje kubasimbuza. Kugirango tubungabunge ubumenyi bwabahagarariye Flora kugiti cye, hari uburyo bwo kubitegura muburyo bw'igitabo hamwe na clatique yerekeye aho ikusanyirizo.
Herbarium ni iki
Izina rya Herbarium rikomoka mu kilatini Herba - "ibyatsi". Yerekana icyegeranyo cyibiti byumye byashyizwe mububiko bwihariye. Igitaliyani Botanist Luca Gini yabaye umuntu wa mbere wakusanyaga Herbarium akoresheje impapuro. Ibi bikoresho ni hygroscopique kandi bituma hashize igihe kinini kubika ibikoresho byakusanyijwe.
Muri iki gihe, abahanga barenga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi 10 bo mu gukusanya no kugena Herbaris, akazi gakomeye mu bihugu 168. Ibikorwa byinshi by'ibimera bikubiye mu bigo bya siyansi yo muri Amerika, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya, Ubusuwisi. Byongeye kandi, tekinike zigezweho zigufasha kubika amakuru atari muburyo bwa kera - mugihe hariya bitari bita kuri digitali. Basuzumwe amafoto yimpapuro zifite amakuru yuzuye. Niba ushobora kubona icyegeranyo kinini, gusa usuye Ingoro ndangamurage cyangwa Science Institute, hanyuma catalogori ya elegitoronike irahari kumurongo.
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Kusanya Herbarium murugo rwingabo kuri buri wese, kuko iyi ntego hari impapuro zidasanzwe, kole, kanda kugirango wumishe urugero rwumye, ububiko bwububiko. Ariko kurema icyegeranyo, ntabwo ari ngombwa gukoresha ibyo bikoresho na gato, birahagije kwerekana imbaraga zimwe no gushyira mubyerekeranye niki gifatwa. Urashobora kubona ibitekerezo ku gishushanyo:
Uburyo bwo Kusanya Ibikoresho
Kugenda hamwe numwana inyuma yicyitegererezo mumashyamba cyangwa parike bizazana inyungu nyinshi no kwinezeza. N'ubundi kandi, ubu ni amahirwe meza yo gushyuha, guhumeka umwuka mwiza no kuzuza imizigo yubumenyi kubyerekeye abahagarariye isi yibimera.
Nk'ikusanyirizo ry'icyitegererezo cyembi, ugomba gukurikiza amategeko akurikira:
- Icyegeranyo cyibikoresho gikorwa gusa mubihe byumye;
- Nibyiza gukusanya ingero hafi ya saa sita, igihe ikime cya mugitondo kimaze guhumeka;
- Ibimera bivamburwa mu butaka kugirango ibice byose bishoboke;
- Kuri kopi nini (ibiti, ibihuru), ibice byihariye byatoranijwe bizafasha kumenya icyitegererezo;
- Mugihe cyo gukusanya icyegeranyo gitagaragara, byanze bikunze bicika mucyuma gityaye cyo guhunga kugirango ubwoko bwa plaque bugaragare;
- Ibikoresho byegeranijwe gusa mugihe hatabayeho indwara nudukoko, byangiritse;
- Witondere gutegura ikaye nigitoki mbere yo kugenda, kuko ntabwo ari ingero gusa ni ngombwa kuri herbarium, ariko n'ibisobanuro byabo;
- Kuri buri cyitegererezo, ugomba gufata ingero nyinshi. Niba icyegeranyo kiryoshye, urashobora kwegeranya ibitandukanye kuva ku giti kimwe kimeze kandi uganduza isahani.
Urashobora gukora icyegeranyo cyibimera byegeranye nigitekerezo uhitamo igice gitandukanye, urugero, ibihingwa bivura, ibyatsi bibi, abahagarariye ibyumba by'ifu, nibindi.
Kuma Amababi
Inzira yoroshye yo kumisha muri Vivo ifatwa nkaho yumye hagati yimpapuro z'igitabo. Niba amababi atari muto kandi afite umutobe cyane, iyi nzira irahuye neza.
Kugirango utazana inyandiko ihenze, mbere yinzira hagati yimpapuro zayo hamwe nicyitegererezo cyimpapuro.
Ingero yakusanyijwe iherereye kumurongo umwe. Bahumeka buri munsi no kwimurira andi mabati yigitabo kugirango birinde kubumba. Igitabo kiva hejuru gishobora gukanda hamwe nimashini kugirango ingendo zitamurika. Nyuma yiminsi 5-10, urashobora gutangira gukora icyegeranyo.
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Uburyo busanzwe bwo kumisha burimo gukoresha icyuma. Ingero zakusanyijwe zishyizwe hagati yimpapuro ebyiri zimpapuro zera hanyuma ukongerera ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe. Ugomba kwitegura kuba udukoko (icyitegererezo cyumye) kizatakaza ibara karemano.
Igishushanyo cya Album
Kugirango utegure Herbarium mwishuri, urashobora gukoresha alubumu isanzwe yo gushushanya, ariko ntabwo arimpapuro nyinshi zirashobora guhinduka nyuma yo gukubita urujijo. Kubwibyo, nibyiza gukusanya amabati nkuru. Kubishushanyo byabo, fata:
- Ikarito yera yuzuye (umubare w'impapuro uhwanye n'ubunini bw'ibiti byumye);
- impapuro za alubumu;
- Yambutse ikarito ikonjeshwa 4 kuri cm 12;
- Amadosiye menshi;
- Pva glue, imikasi, insanganyamatsiko, umwobo punch.
Amababi yakusanyijwe yitonze akureho ububiko. Hindura Lamella kumpapuro nyaburanga ukoresheje Pva kole.
Ikarita yitonze yitonze kole hanyuma ukomere kuri alubumu impapuro zamababi yumye.
Kugira ngo uzigame icyitegererezo no kuyirinda mu mukungugu, koresha Multifora, ukatamo ibice 2 cyangwa inzira yoroheje. Ahantu urinda ahantu hashyizwe ku rupapuro, kwiruka ikarita ya chergod hanyuma ukore igishushanyo mbonera. Funga buri rupapuro rwumugozi uramba.
Kuri buri cyitegererezo, komeza ikirango munsi yurupapuro cyerekana aho hantu nigihe cyo gukusanya, amazina, imico yihariye yigiti. Noneho, impapuro zigomba kudoda hamwe no kumemeka igifuniko. Muri uru rubanza, amafoto yakozwe mugihe cyo gukusanya no kuvurwa mumyandikire yifoto muburyo bwa collage.
Urashobora gukoresha ububiko busanzwe, shyiramo urupapuro rwibikoresho.
Amahitamo adasanzwe
Rimwe na rimwe, umurimo ushimishije wo gutegura icyegeranyo cyibimera gitangiye guha abana mbere. Kugirango umwana ashimishwa no gutekereza kuri Herbarbar, turagusaba kubitegura mubuhanga bushimishije - gusinzira.
Impapuro z'urupapuro zirashobora gukorwa kuri dought yumunyu, plaster. Mu rubanza rwa mbere, ifu ivanze kuri resept yibanze: vanga umunyu muto nifu ahantu hangana, komera neza amazi kugeza igihe kinini cya plastike.
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Kuzamura imidari mito kuva ifu. Shyiramo amababi hamwe na pin izunguruka hamwe nimitsi. Shyira ifu yumuma, nyuma yo gukuramo ikibabi no gusora ottis hejuru.
Verisiyo ya kabiri ya cast ikozwe muri plaster. Ubu buhanga ntabwo bugoye cyane, ariko ibisubizo bizaba ishusho nziza kandi irambye. Kugira ngo ubigereho, uzakenera:
- igikapu cya pulasitike;
- Isahani ya plastike;
- Plastine (urashobora gusaza);
- Gypsum, amazi;
- yakusanyije amababi;
- irangi.
Inzira irayoroshye cyane, inyigisho zifoto zizagufasha kubibona birambuye.
Nyamuneka menya ko igitekerezo kigomba kugukwegurwa.
Kuzuza hanyuma ugende kugeza kumisha.
Dukuramo plastikine.
Gukubita, gutwikira hamwe na varishi.
Akanama nkiyi kazafata umwanya ukwiye imbere kandi ruzahinduka ishema ryukuri ryumwana.
Video ku ngingo
Turagutumiye kubona guhitamo amashusho wiga gukora interbarium n'amaboko yawe.