Ba shebuja n'abanyabyaha bakunda gukora ikintu n'amaboko yabo, ariko no kunywa icyayi, birakwiye kugerageza gushushanya imikandara. Icyiciro cya Master gitanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gushushanya, kandi bivuga kandi ibyiciro byingenzi byo gukora ishusho nziza kuri tray. Gusiga amarangi birashobora kuba imitako myiza mugikoni no kumeza yo kurya. Ntabwo byanze bikunze bishushanyije muburyo gakondo. Tray irashobora gushushanya ishusho yumwanditsi, aho shebuja azahindura "kwerekana" nicyerekezo cyihariye.
Kenshi na kenshi, irangi rikorwa kubyuma bikagira ishusho cyangwa urukiramende rushobora kugurwa mububiko bwubucuruzi. Ariko urashobora gukoresha inzira no mubindi bikoresho, kurugero, mubiti. Nanone kuri cyuma urashobora guhindura tray ya kera cyangwa urupapuro rwo guteka.
Ubuhanga butandukanye
Ubwoko bwo gushushanya biterwa nubutaka. Muri buri mujyi no muri buri ntara ya Shebuja n'Abanyabukorikori bashushanyije ibiryo n'ibindi bikoresho mu buryo bwayo, bitanga buhoro buhoro ibaruwa ye yo kwandika. Kumenya ibiranga amabara nuburyo, urashobora gusubiramo ba shebuja gushushanya gakondo.
Niba tuvuga kuri trays, ahari, iyambere iza mubitekerezo Zhostovskaya ishushanya kuva mu mudugudu wa Zhostov, iherereye mukarere ka Moscou. Imirongo ya Zhostovsky yinjiye mu kinyejana cya Xyili, iyo abacuruzi, kandi babizi, kandi abanyabwenge bo mu Burusiya batangira kunywa icyayi. Trays hamwe n'ibibabi bitoshye n'amababi ku mateka y'umukara yabaye imitako y'icyayi cyane icyatunganijwe. Ubusanzwe, gushushanya bikoreshwa kumabati ya peteroli kugirango bahindure amabati.
Bastersky ifitwe nabanyabukorikori ba Mulsans batangiye gusiga irangi mu kinyejana cya XVIII. Igishushanyo na Nizhny gishushanya kizwi cyane muburusiya kandi gifatwa nkuwamubanjirije Zhostovskaya. Byangi na sesters ntabwo ari imigani ishushanyije gusa, ahubwo irabahanagura, atanga uburyo butandukanye. Nk'itegeko, trays yari yerekanaga ibara ryamabara (indabyo, imbuto, amababi) hamwe n amashusho yo murugo, hamwe nimigani yibitekerezo n'imigani.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: cake yimbuto - Agasanduku ka Fetra
Igishushanyo cya Moscou cyagaragaye mu ntangiriro ya XIX. Biratandukanye cyane nuburyo busanzwe, burangiza gushushanya. Irangwa na palet nini yibishushanyo, ikora igicucu gitandukanye, inzibacyuho no kugabanuka. Masters yerekana indabyo, amababi, inyoni n'ibihe byose.
Igishushanyo cyiza kandi cyiza, ndetse nabana bamenya, bitwa khokhloma. Igihe n'aho iyi gushushanya "munsi ya GILT", abanyamateka ntibashobora guhamagara kugeza ubu. Byumvikane ko igihugu cye ari akarere ka Nizhny Novhy Novgorod, ari we Umujyi wa Segonov, mu kinyejana cya XVII ni we watuye abizera bashaje. Birashoboka, ibitekerezo byatanzwe na uyu mudugudu ni byo byabaye Masters ya mbere ya Khokhloma.
Khokhloma ikurura umucyo na pompe. Ku gishushanyo, amabara akoreshwa zahabu, ibara ry'umukara, umutuku n'umuhondo, icyaricyo cyose gishobora kuba nyamukuru, inyuma. Bimara kandi gukoreshwa amashusho yicyatsi kugirango ishusho yamababi.
Jya ku isomo
Gushushanya amabati mubisanzwe bikozwe namavuta cyangwa acrylic. Ba shebuja ba Zhostovsky bakoresha amarangi yavuyemo amavuta yahinduwe namavuta ya flax na turbidar kubikorwa byabo.
Acrylic irashobora kandi gukoreshwa, ariko ko inzira ya glitter idahanaguwe, gushushanya kurangira bigomba gutwarwa nibice byinshi mubice byinshi.
Usibye gusiga irangi, uzakenera kandi ibikoresho bikurikira:
- Icyuma cyangwa tray yimbaho;
- brush rusanzwe yubunini butandukanye (ubugari, igorofa, inanutse);
- ikibindi gifite amarangi ya zahabu (dilding);
- varnish;
- amara;
- amazi yo kwirinda;
- umusenyi na primer kubiti biti;
- imyenda.
Tekereza buhoro buhoro uburyo ushobora gushushanya tray:
- Kwitegura. Niba inzira y'amabati, igomba kumesa n'umwanda n'ingese, ihanagura amazi ngengabuta. Niba ari tray yimbaho, igomba rero kuba umusembu kugirango ukureho ibitagenda neza n'uburyo, no gupfuka primer.
Inzira itagira ibara irakenewe gushushanya irangi nyamukuru (urugero, umukara), izagira uruhare inyuma. Ibara ryinyuma rishobora guterwa n'ubwoko bwo gushushanya, ndetse no mu bitekerezo by'abanditsi.
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- Gushushanya. Ibi birashobora gukorwa muburyo bubiri: Gukoresha imiterere yibisobanuro byingenzi gushushanya cyangwa gukora ibyo bita byitonda.
Ibishushanyo birashobora gukoreshwa na template cyangwa ukoresheje ukuboko ukoresheje ikaramu. Ariko, niba kumurongo wa tray wimbaho uzagaragara neza, hanyuma kuri tray yirabura izakandagirwa na parike. Niyo mpamvu ari byiza gutangira gukora icyarimwe hamwe nibishusho. Niba nta cyizere cyo gushushanya, noneho gutangira birakenewe kwitoza kuri gouache yimpapuro.
Tekinike ya Zamilevka ikoreshwa mugushushanya na Zhostovsky. Igizwe no gukoresha amarangi muri tray nta gishushanyo kibanziriza. Mubyukuri, iyi ni igishushanyo: yerekana brush yerekana no gushaka ibisobanuro byose - amabara n'amababi. Zamilevka, nk'itegeko, rikorwa n'umucyo woroheje (Belil yongeyeho) kugirango ubashe noneho gutanga ibintu ibara rikenewe no kwiyuzuza.
Kugena inzibacyuho yigicucu, ni ngombwa gushyira irangi ryibicucu bibiri (urumuri n'umwijima). Muri ubu buryo, urashobora gushushanya inzira muburyo bwa Zhostovsky, nka popisiki nziza nziza, nko mumafoto hepfo.
- Gushushanya ibice bito nigicucu cyangwa garage. Kugirango ukore ibi, nibyiza gukoresha ntabwo ari ecran no guswera. Igishushanyo giterwa nuburyo bwatoranijwe kandi burashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe amarangi yijimye cyangwa, muburyo bunyuranye, urumuri. Indabyo za Zhostovsky "Glow", ni ukuvuga, itunganywa nicyatsi cyera hamwe na stroke nini. Muri Moscou irashushanya, igicucu kirenze kandi imirongo mito nibisobanuro birashushanyije. Urwego rwo gushushanya ruterwa na "ubujyakuzimu" no kwerekana tray.
Kandi, nibiba ngombwa, kora imitako itoroshye kuruhande rwa tray. Akenshi bikozwe zahabu cyangwa irangi ryera.
- Kumisha gushushanya. Mubisanzwe, ibicuruzwa bisigaye ahantu hakonje kumasaha 24. Nibyiza gukama muburyo busanzwe ntagakoresha umusatsi wumye nubundi buryo.
- Abadayimoni. Tray mubice byinshi biratandukanye. Ubwa mbere, bizafasha kunganiza irangi no kumuha urumuri, icya kabiri, varnish bizarinda irangi kuva ashaje nubufatanye.
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Gushushanya ku butaka bw'ibiti birashobora gutwikirwa hamwe na crockel vacnish kubaha ingaruka zo kwangiza no guhumurizwa, nko ku ifoto hepfo:
Ukurikije uburyo bwahisemo, urashobora kubona ibintu byiza cyane kandi byumwimerere bizakundwa muri buri cyiciro cyicyayi.
Video ku ngingo
Soma byinshi kubyerekeye gushushanya inzira zirashobora kurebwa muri videwo hepfo.