Ingaruka z'iyi ngingo
Kugeza ubu, ku isi hose, harimo no mu gihugu cyacu, ikibazo cyo guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa amasoko mashya y'ingufu birakabije. Umuntu wese azi ko ibyingenzi ari amavuta, gaze karemano, amakara, amashanyarazi. Ububiko bwa peteroli na gaze ntabwo butagira umupaka, bitewe nibi byose birakenewe kugirango dushake ubundi buryo bwingufu. Umwe muribo ni ugukoresha ibyo bita parner. Ku ingufu z'izuba, byamenyekanye kuva kera, iyi niyo ngingo y'amakimbirane n'ibiganiro mu by'inzobere. Bamwe bemeza ko iki ari ibyiringiro binini by'ejo hazaza, abandi bizeye ibinyuranye.
Imirasire y'izuba ihujwe n'umuzunguruko.
Noneho umubare munini cyane wiyamamari muri miriyoni mugutezimbere iyi nganda, harimo no kubaka imirasire y'izuba. Ku ruhande rumwe, imirasire y'izuba ntibisaba ibiciro iyo ikora, ariko ikiguzi cyibi bikoresho kiri hejuru. Igice cy'abahanga kivuga ko inyungu ziva muri uyu mushinga ntazashobora kwishyura ibiciro bifitanye isano no kubaka. Ibinyuranye, ibyo bikoresho birashobora gukorana nimyaka myinshi nijana nkibikorwa byigihe kirekire, inyungu zizagaragara. Bikwiye gusuzumwa muburyo burambuye, ni ubuhe buryo bukora imirasire y'izuba, ibintu bizimya. Ariko ubanza ukeneye kumenyana nihame ryakazi ryabo, ibyiza byingenzi.
Ihame ryo gukora batteri yizuba
Gahunda yibintu bya bateri yizuba.
Umuntu wese azi ko amashanyarazi ari isoko nyamukuru yingufu. Ariko irashobora kuboneka kandi byoroshye. Izuba nisoko karemano ryingufu zishobora gukoreshwa cyane mwisi ya none. Ku mitwe y'izuba, uburyo nyamukuru bw'akazi ni ugushaka ingufu z'izuba no guhindura mu mashanyarazi, hanyuma ukanyura mu bushyuhe. Gukoresha cyane ibyo bikoresho tubisanga muri sisitemu yo gushyushya amazu yigenga.
Batteri nkiyi ni amashanyarazi ya poplavoltaic yingufu z'amashanyarazi. Imirasire y'izuba ifite element semiconductor imirasire y'izuba igira ingaruka. Nkigisubizo, hakorwa ihora ihagaze, bikaba bikoreshwa mu gushyushya.
Muminyururu yizuba, voltage yakozwe, ifite agaciro. Igikoresho gikubiyemo bateri ishoboye kwegera ingufu. Nta gushidikanya, kugirango bishoboke, hazakenerwa ikirere cyizuba. Nyuma yo kwegeranya ingufu, bateri irashobora gutanga umuguzi ufite ubushyuhe mugihe runaka mubihe byigicu.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Ikoranabuhanga rya Logine: Guhitamo glazing, intambwe zo kwishyiriraho
Imikorere y'ibikoresho by'izuba
Birakwiye ko kumenya imikorere ya bateri yizuba. Kwishingikiriza ku makuru ya siyansi, birashobora kuvuka ko ingufu ari hafi 1367 w kuri 1 M². Mu karere ka ekwateri, biratinze kubera ikirere cyacyo, bityo imbaraga zigera ku gihugu zingana na 1020 W.
Mu Burusiya, birashoboka kubona 160 w / m² gusa urebye ko imikorere yimirasire yizuba ari 16%.
Gahunda ya bateri y'inyanja.
Kurugero, niba ushizeho imirasire yizuba kumwanya wa km² 1, hanyuma umubare wamashanyarazi wabonetse uzaba hafi 187 GW / H (1173 * 0.16).
Muri icyo gihe, inguni yo kuyishyira ugereranije nibyabaye bifite akamaro kanini, muriki gihe agaciro kayo kari 40 °. Igiciro cya 1 cy'amashanyarazi kuri ubu kingana na kaberoni 3, ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi kizaba ingano miliyoni 561. Imikorere yibi bikoresho ntabwo ihuye kandi biterwa nibintu byinshi. Icy'ingenzi muri byo ni uburemere n'igihe cyo guhinduka, na byo, bigenwa n'imiterere y'ikirere, igihe cyo ku manywa n'ijoro, ni ukuvuga uburebure bw'akarere. Ubwoko bwingirabuzimafatizo ni ngombwa cyane.
Imikorere yo gushyushya inzu yigenga
Y'inyungu nyinshi ni ugukoresha ibikoresho nkibi byo gushyushya murugo. Amashanyarazi nisoko nziza yubushyuhe. Amazu menshi afite neza sisitemu yo gushyushya. Nibyiza kuzirikana ko gushyushya inzu yigenga hifashishijwe isoko nkiyi ni byiza ko gutunganya uturere dufite gusa ningufu ndende. Ku tutu mu majyaruguru aho amajoro ya Polar ari ubundi buryo. Muri uru rubanza, birasabwa guhuza imikoreshereze y'izuba hamwe n'ubundi bwoko bwo gushyushya, urugero, gaze cyangwa gushyushya lisansi ikomeye (itanura).Ikintu nuko imikoranire ya bateri yiziki yibicu ari hasi, ishobora gutera kubura ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, gushyushya imbaraga z'izuba, byahindutse mu mashanyarazi, ntibisabwa gukoreshwa bitandukanye n'abandi. Kuzikoresha neza kugirango ubike amafaranga mugihe bishoboka. Rero, birashobora kwemeza ko gukoresha imirasire y'izuba bidashobora gutanga byimazeyo microclumatic ibintu byiza mu cyumba, gushyushya inzu, kubera iyi, ubu bwoko bw'ingufu busabwa gukoreshwa hamwe n'ubundi bwoko bwo gushyushya.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Inguni irangiza imirongo ya pulasitike
Imikorere yubukungu
Slaclar Akunctor gahunda.
Ingingo y'ingenzi iyo ukoresheje iyi soko - inyungu zubukungu. Biziguye biterwa n'imbaraga za bateri hamwe na kare yibintu bya patoVeltaic byerekana imirasire. Niba ufashe umujyi nkurwo kurugero nka Moscou, noneho urashobora kubona amakuru ashimishije akurikira. Niba ubushobozi bwibikoresho ari 800 w, biragufasha gukoresha ibikoresho byo murugo, ariko ntibizashobora kwemeza ko amashanyarazi atabogamye kumunsi wo gushyushya ibyumba.
Hamwe n'imbaraga z'igikoresho inshuro 10, ni ukuvuga ku giti 8, bizashyushya agace gato k'icyumba murugo mu gihe cyizuba nigihe cyimbeho. Mu mpeshyi birashoboka kuzuza ibyumba byose.
APAREYE Na: A ubushobozi 13.5 KW hafi burundu asimbuye amashanyarazi, bikaba bishobora gukora ubushyuhe guhora nzu ku mezi yose y'umwaka, uretse Ugushyingo, Ukuboza na Mutarama. Muri iki gihe, urashobora gusiga ibikoresho byibanze kugirango ukore kubikoresho byizuba, kandi gushyushya bifitanye isano na sisitemu yo hagati. Urashobora rero kuzigama neza. Ifarashi ikomeye cyane ni izo zifite imbaraga za 31.5 kw. Bazakwemerera kureka burundu ubwoko bwingufu bwo gutanga ingufu no gukoresha imbaraga zuzuba umwaka wose. Ariko hariho ibi bikoresho bihenze, bigabanya imikoreshereze yabo.
Ibibi by'ingufu z'izuba
Imirasire y'izuba.
Nubwo amashanyarazi yabonaga akoresheje imbaraga z'izuba bidasaba ishoramari iryo ari ryo ryose mu gihe cyo gukora, hari ibibazo byinshi muri iki kibazo. Ubwa mbere, ingano yinyamanswa zavuyemo biterwa ahanini mubintu bikurikira: Ikirere, Ubutaka bwa Teteroli, bateri.
Icya kabiri, amasoko yubushyuhe arenze ubundi buryo, kurugero, gushyushya, bigabanya imikoreshereze yabo. Icya gatatu, kwishyiriraho ibikoresho nkibi bifite agaciro k'amafaranga menshi. By'umwihariko, ireba amashanyarazi manini. Ikiguzi cya bateri ubwazo ni gahunda yubunini burenze iyo kuri bateri.
Ariko icy'ingenzi ni ukugabanya uburyo bwo kubyara ubushyuhe bukuwe ku zuba no kubungabunga igihe kirekire gishoboka. Nimugoroba, gukoresha amashanyarazi biriyongera, kandi bateri ikora cyane cyane kumanywa. Abahanga babaze ko ikiguzi cya 1 kuri bateri ni 0.5 $. Ku munsi (amasaha 8 y'akazi), irashobora gushinga 8 w / h, bizakenerwa nimugoroba. Amashanyarazi yahendutse cyane ahabwa ukoresheje bateri ya Polycrystalline. Kuba ikiguzi cyingufu cyizuba kitagomba kurenza igiciro cya lisansi yubundi, urugero, gaze. Niba dufashe urugero rw'umwe mu bayobozi b'isi muri iki kibazo - Ubudage - Igiciro cya gaze muri metero 450, hanyuma ikiguzi cya 1 cya kw y'izuba ntigomba kuba hejuru ya 0.1 $. Bitabaye ibyo, ikoreshwa rya nyuma ntirikwiye ubukungu.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Nigute Ukoresha Urwego rwa Laser: Amabwiriza
Inyungu z'isoko ry'ingufu
Amashanyarazi, rero yabonetse, ni ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha uyu munsi. Ubu bwoko bwo gutanga ingufu ni byiza kuri ubworera nibintu bitari andi masoko, kurugero, kuri sitelika ya kure.Ibikoresho nkibi birashobora gutangazwa mu turere two mu majyepfo y'igihugu cyacu, aho hari ibikorwa by'izuba. Mugihe ukoresheje sitasiyo nini ni ngombwa kwibuka ko bashobora gukorera imyaka myinshi n'imyaka amagana.
UMWANZURO, imyanzuro, ibyifuzo
Ukurikije ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru, birashoboka gufata umwanzuro ko mu isi ya none hariho ubushakashatsi ku bundi buryo busumbuye. Icyerekezo gitanga cyizere cyizuba cyizuba, gishingiye ku gukoresha imirasire y'izuba. Kwishyiriraho izuba ryicyuma bigizwe nibice bikurikira bikurikira: Umupfumu usanzwe, DC Guhindura uburyo bwo guhinduranya, imbaraga, bateri hamwe nigikoresho gigenga urwego rwo kwishyuza no gusohoka.
Imikorere yibikoresho nkibi biterwa nibintu byinshi. Icy'ingenzi muri bo nigikorwa cyingufu zizuba nimbaraga za bateri. Ibikoresho byiza cyane bifite ubushobozi bwa 13.5 kw, bishobora gutanga imikorere hafi yibikoresho byose. Ku turere tw'amajyaruguru y'igihugu cyacu, gukoresha bateri ntabwo bitanga umusaruro. Birasabwa kubikoresha nkisoko yinyongera yamashanyarazi kugirango uzigame amafaranga. Nibyiza guhuza hamwe no gushyushya hagati (kuri gaze karemano cyangwa lisansi ikomeye). Iyo ushizeho amabuye maremare, birakenewe kuzirikana ibiciro byinshi. Kwishura birashobora kuba imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.