Uburyo bwa Analog murugo incubator.
Incubator hamwe namaboko yawe
Iyi ngingo isobanura imiterere yumwimerere yumuryango incubator, aho gushyushya amagi ubudahwema, nta gushinja kandi bifunga ibintu bishyuha bya thermostat.
Dukurikije ibipimo by'iburengerazuba, ibiryo byose byakozwe kugirango bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:
· Ibyiza (birimo ibintu bisanzwe) - kubyerekeye ibiciro birahari ku gice gisubizwe cyane;
· Iri hejuru kandi ubuziranenge (bushobora kubamo abasimbuye kandi kongeweho, ntabwo byangiza ubuzima bwabantu) - bigenewe "imbere" gukoresha, I.e. yagabanijwe binyuze mu rubuga rw'umurimo w'ubucuruzi, kimwe na p. Amerika ufite urwego rwo hejuru rwinjiza;
· Ubuziranenge buringaniye (bugizwe ahanini n'abasimburangingo, incl. Wangiza ubuzima bw'abantu) - bigenewe gusa koherezwa mu mahanga no mu bihugu bifite urwego rwo hasi). Amakuru ya nyuma yibarura yerekana ko ikindi gice cyingenzi cyabaturage cyigihugu cyacu bivuga icyiciro cyabakene. Uyu munsi, mu ndyo y'imiryango myinshi y'Abarusiya, hari sulrogates zitanga umusaruro w'iburengerazuba, nk '"amaguru ya" bush ", azangiza ubuzima bwacu. Urashobora kwihutisha byinshi kuri ibi, ariko urashobora gukora "mini-kororoka" kugirango umusaruro wibicuruzwa byuzuye. Turimo kuvuga ku rugo incubator, ikiguzi cyo gukora kitazaba umutwaro ku ngengo y'imari y'umuryango: 12-15 Ibikoresho bya radiyo bihendutse (birashobora kuba ibibazo bishaje), n'amazu, firigo yatsinzwe. Nyukuri "ibiryo" ntabwo ari ingirakamaro mu cyaro gusa, ahubwo n'igice gikomeye cy'ubwenegihugu bwabaturage, igice, kimwe na ba nyir'imirima mito.
Node nkuru yintanga zose, nkuko mubizi, ni thermostat. Mubitabo bizwi kandi bya tekiniki ushobora kubona imigambi myinshi igufasha gukora igikoresho wenyine. Guhitamo hano biragutse cyane kandi mubisubizo bya schematike, no mubihangange byingenzi. Nubwo itandukaniro rikomeye, hariho ibihe bimwe bibahuza: bose bakora muburyo bwitwa "gushyushya-guhagarara-gushyushya). Ubu buryo budashobora kumenyekana neza, kuko Bivuguruza ihame rya "Kamere". Mubyukuri, ntabwo isimbukira kuri zoom buri minota 3-5 kuva mucyari. Gushyushya amagi bibaho ubudahwema hamwe nubushyuhe busobanutse. Kubwibyo, mugihe wubaka incubator yacyo, umurimo washyizweho kugirango umenye ubwo buryo mubikorwa bya thermostat: cyangwa "analog). Ukuri gukomeza ubushyuhe bukabije bugomba kuba ± 0.3 ° C. Ikintu cyamashanyarazi (thyristor) kigenzurwa nuburyo bwimpapuro. Gahunda ya thermostat irerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 1.
Igishushanyo.1 Igitekerezo cya thermostat.
Byaragaragaye igikoresho cyoroshye kandi cyiza. Imikorere rero. Mugihe cyo kwinjiza, ikintu cyo gushyushya gikora ku butegetsi bwuzuye. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongera muri incubator, imbaraga zo gushyushya zigabanuka neza. Muburyo bwo gukora, iyo ubushyuhe bugeze kuri 38.2 ° C, uburinganire bwa termodynamic, aho ubushyuhe bubikuye ku bushyuhe bwashyizwe ahagaragara ku burebure no guhumeka ku cyumba cya incubation. Ibipimo byerekanye ko muburyo bwo gukora, incubator itwara umuyoboro hafi 10-12 W (umubare w'amagi ashyushye arashobora kugera ibice 300). Urebye ko igihe cya incubation kimara iminsi 21-31 (ukurikije ubwoko bwinyoni), ikibazo cya nyuma gifata icyemezo cyo gusuzuma ikiguzi cyumusaruro.
Intego yibintu byumuzunguruko wa Thyristor Regilator.
Transistors VT1, VT2 ikora analogue ya seriveri imwe. Diode ya VD9 yashyizwe mu cyerekezo gitandukanye gikora urufatiro rwa senmal senmasi, yashyizwe mu cyumba cya incubation. Iyo ubushyuhe butari munsi yumurimo, senmal irwanya ubushyuhe ni kinini, VT3 yafunzwe kandi ntabwo ifungura imikorere ya serivise yumurongo umwe, Ohristock yafunguye mugitangira cya buri gice cya voltage igice cyigice, ahantu ho gushyushya ni ku butegetsi bwuzuye. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba cya incubation buzamurwa, kwangiza VD1 irwanya VD9 iragabanuka, umutware wa VT3 yagiye muri leta iyobora atangira guhagarika ubushobozi bwo kwiteranya C1. Igihe cye cyo kwishyuza, analogue ya serivise imwe (VT1, VT2) izahindukira nyuma. Igihe cyumutware wa Thynostor vs1 kizaba gito, imbaraga zo gushyushya zizagabanuka. Iyo ubushyuhe bujyanye no kugerwaho mu Rugereko, muri transitor vt3 azakingurwa rwose, kandi igihe cy'umuhembe cyarahindutse kizahinduka ruto, imbaraga zo gushyushya kandi zizaba nto. Azaha ubushyuhe bwinshi mu cyumba kuko itakaza binyuze mu mwobo. Imiterere nkiyi yubushyuhe izakomeza igihe kingana iki. Niba ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba butangira guta (urugero, gukingura urugi rwa kamera), noneho kwiyongera kwa Trarmal EnMurSor, kwiyongera kwa Disiteri ya VT3 bizarushaho kwiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhuriza hamwe buzakurwa vuba, Analogue ya serivise imwe, kandi thyristotor izakingura mbere, ikintu cyo gushyushya kizaba gihujwe igihe kirekire. Kuzenguruka, ingano yubushyuhe izahinduka byinshi. Bizaba rero kugeza ubushyuhe buzamutse bugera kurikazi. Niba ubushyuhe bwiyongereye hejuru yakazi, kwikuramo ubushyuhe bizahinduka bito, kandi umututsi "wafunguye imbaraga C1, Thyristor VS1 izazimya, ikintu cyo gushyushya kizimya umuyoboro. Hamwe no kugabanuka kubushyuhe, inzira izajya muburyo bunyuranye. Kurwanya impinduka r6 bishyiraho agaciro ka bushyuhe mu cyumba cya incubation. Stabilodrod VD8 igaburira imikorere ya analogue yumunyamutwe umwe. Niba ukuyemo, ukuri gukurikiza ubushyuhe muri incubator bizangana na ± 1.5 °, birumvikana ko birumvikana. DD5 Diode irinda VT1, VT2 yo gusenyuka. Hashize uhora harimo strabilian Vd6, VD7 irashobora gusimburwa nimico imwe, aho gufata nabi bingana na voltage ihwanye nubunini bwa volubilisation Voltage VD6 na VD7. R3 yo Kurwanya R3 igena voltage yo gufungura aligristor anistrator analog. Ku ntambwe yambere, aho kuba harimo itandukaniro ryo kurwanya impinduka zo kurwanya 20 com, VD8 STANILN na bo baramugaye by'agateganyoBigerwaho nibikorwa bihamye bya thermostat muburyo bwo gukora. Zimya thermostat, upima kurwanya guhinduranya, kandi uhoraho wo kurwanya urahujwe aho kubikora. Iki gikorwa kiraryozwa cyane, kandi birashoboka gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi kugirango uhitemo R3 nyinshi, birashobora kandi gukenerwa gutunganya agaciro k'uruvange R2. Umutego wa VT3 ugomba kugira coefficient amplifificure β = 60-100. Indangagaciro nini zoherejwe zituma thermostat irusheho kwiyumvamo cyane, ndetse no guhindagurika kwubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buhindura uburyo bwo gukora buhindura uburyo bwo gukora: Ihinduka "Osillatory". Indangagaciro ntoya zigabanya ubushyuhe bufatika.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Kurangiza ikoranabuhanga no gushushanya hamwe nigitambara
Urusinzi.
Thermostat ikoreshwa impinja zihoraho R2, R3, R5 Mlt, SP-0.25, R6-SP4-2m, PON-SP4-2m, K71-5 kuri voltage byibuze 160 v , Umutego wa T1 urashobora gusimburwa na Mp-39, CT-501, KT-5007, MT-38, KT-5002, T3- Kuri KT-611 , CT 503, VD1- VD14 Divide- kuri KD202K, KD202L, KD202H, KD202R, Diode VD5- kuri D226B. T1 - T3 Transistors irashobora kugira indangagaciro zose. P-N-Impinduka zubudage Depistors Mp-40, Mp-41, Mp-42, Mp-26 irashobora gukoreshwa nka senmal VECOR VD6. Thyristor vs1 irashobora gusimburwa na Ku201k. Stabilians Vd6, VD7, VD8-kuri D814a. Relay K1 ni tsg1 tsg1, hamwe no gufunga kimwe no gufunga hamwe na kimwe cyo gufungura. Igiceri cya K1 kibarwa kuri voltage ya 220 V. Gushyushya Element-Iminyururu ibiri ibangikanye amatara (imwe hejuru ya kamera, ikindi iri hepfo). Muri buri munyururu - babiri bakurikiranye harimo amatara yoroheje buri umwe. Imbaraga zose ntarengwa yibintu byo gushyushya ntigomba kurenga 100 w ukoresheje CU201 seriveri yawe. Umubiri wawe wa Thyristor urashya kuri umuringa cyangwa aluminim hamwe nubuso bwa CM2 9, bizakora uruhare rwa radinaya. Niba imbaraga zo gushyushya 100 W, noneho Thyristotor ya VS1 yasimbuwe na CU202H cyangwa CD1, VD1 igomba kandi kwihanganira imbaraga zubushyuhe ≥5: VD4 igomba no kwihanganira imbaraga zubushyuhe. Mu mwanditsi, mugihe bateranya thermostat, ikigo cya Texolite cyakoreshejwe kandi gifatanye cyakoreshejwe. Niba hari ubumenyi bukwiye, urashobora gukora akanama gasohoka, bumwe mu buryo bwerekanwe kuri shusho.2.
Amafaranga ya FIG.2.
Urugereko rwa Incubation.
Umubiri wa Incubatosi ni Urugereko rwa The Chostatike. Kuri izo ntego, firigo yananiwe nibyiza. Ikuweho byose "imbere": Isahani, Racks, Urugereko rukonje. Ku rugi, imikasi icyuma yatemye idirishya ry'urukiramende isahani y'ibirahuri kama ishyirwaho hifashishijwe imigozi. Ibyuho hagati yisahani kandi umuryango usigazwa hamwe. Idirishya rinini rigomba kuba kugirango inzira zose ziri mucyumba cya Incubation zirebwa. Imbere mu muryango, imbere y'idirishya, muri Mandrel yo mu rugo, Therumeter yo mu rugo irashimangirwa n'imbibi zo gupima: 0-50 ° C (FIG. 3).
Igishushanyo cya 3 Inyuma ya Incubator.
Kuruhande rwa Tormometer Komeza Ikarita yo gucana itara. Igomba guhinduka kuri switch iherereye ahantu heza hanze ya incubator. Imbere mu muryango w'incubator, umufana muto ufite ubunini arashimangirwa, ukorera umwuka kandi ugahuza ubushyuhe mu Rugereko. Umurongo utaziguye wo mu kirere uva mu mufana ujyanwa ku rukuta rwa kamera, ushakishe ko utaguye mu nzira n'amagi. Niba umubare w'amagi yubatswe atarenza ibice 100, noneho urashobora gukora udafite umufana. Amatara yo gushyushya aba afite impande zose zurugereko rwa incubation. Usibye gushyushya, mubilgecence yabo, urashobora kongera kwakira amakuru yerekeye imiterere ya incubator:
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Ikaramu zishingiye ku miryango: ingano, kwishyiriraho no kwita ku mabwiriza
· Gukata gukomera kwambere gushyushya amagi,
· INYANDIKO YAKORESHEJWE,
· Kubura kurabagirana kivuga cyane (ibi birashobora kubaho mu mpeshyi, iyo ubushyuhe bwikirere bidukikije mucyumba aho incubator iherereye ubushyuhe imbere yicyumba cya incubation). Amatara aherereye mu gice cyo hepfo ya incubator atwikiriwe na grille kugirango inkoko, ku bushake kuva muri tray, ntizavunika. Byongeye kandi, lattice ikuraho ubushyuhe buva mumatara. Imbere y'Urugereko rwa incubation ahantu hagaragara, ni byiza gushimangira umusatsi w'inyamanswa kugirango ukwirakwize ikirere.
Noneho komeza ujye mu gukora trays. Nibintu byibiti byibiti bifite mesh yo hepfo-ibyuma. Inguni ntoya ya aluminium ifatanye nurukuta rwuruhande rwa trays (Ishusho 4). Bafashe mu mfuruka mu cyumba cya incubation.
Igishushanyo 4.
Nibyiza gukora ubwoko bubiri bwa tray bitandukaniye he hepfo: hamwe na selile nini na nto. Trays hamwe na selile nini (25 × 25 mm) ikoreshwa mugice cya mbere, mbere yo gutangiza amagi. Ingirabuzimafatizo nini zitanga ikwirakwizwa ryiza hamwe no gushyushya amagi. Mugihe cyo guhagarika umutima, amagi yimuwe muri trays hamwe na selile nto (5 × 5 kugirango inkoko zigaragara zitaguye muri trays kuruhande. Umubare w'imyanya yagenwe n'ubunini bw'icyumba cya incubation. Ni ngombwa kutabirengaho: Gupakira cyane tray bigabanya urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka mwiza ku magi kandi bityo bigabanya gusohoka mu nkono nziza. Gupakira byuzuye incubator byongera ikiguzi cyibicuruzwa byarangiye. Intera Nziza hagati ya tray igomba gufatwa cm 10-12. Ingano ya tray igomba kuba iyabyo ishobora kuba ihuye, cyangwa ibice 40 byamagi, cyangwa ingagi 30. Hasi yicyumba cya incubation ishyiramo ubwogero buto. Birakenewe gukomeza ubushuhe busanzwe muri Incubator: 60-80%. Agaciro k'ubushuhe byahinduwe kumisatsi. Niba ubushuhe butarenze ibyagenwe, hanyuma usimbuze umwanya munini mubunini niba ubususu bwamabage bunini buragabanuka. Mu gihe gito, guhumeka kuva ku magi biriyongera, igikonoshwa kiraramba, inkoko zigomba gukoreshwa mu gukoresha imbaraga zinyongera mugihe twambuka. Hamwe n'ubushuhe bwinshi mu cyumba cya incubation, hashyizweho umwuka ufata impumuro idashimishije, inkoko zirimo kuniga, nayo igabanya umusaruro wibicuruzwa bizima. Byongeye kandi, ubushuhe buterwa no gukomera kwa incubator: ubushyuhe buke bugaragaza nta buryo butaziguye umubare munini w "" utasambana "mu Rugereko, na Hejuru - kubyerekeye urujya n'uruza rudahagije rw'umwuka mwiza wo kuganira. Mubikorwa neza incubator ntibigomba kuba impumuro idashimishije.
Amagambo menshi agomba kuvugwa kuri senmal nziza. Umwanya wacyo muri Urugereko ugenwa nubugeragezo. Birafuzwa ko bifatanye mugihe cyo hejuru aho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Umwuka ugororotse uva mu mufana ntugomba kumugwa, bitabaye ibyo ubutegetsi bw'ishure buzagorwa.
Mugihe habaye imbaraga zihutirwa zidahagarara, birakenewe kwita kubundi buryo bwamashanyarazi (Ishusho 5). Kuri izo ntego, bateri ya bateri ya volt 12 kuva ku modoka itwara abagenzi 6t-55 cyangwa 6-60 irakwiriye. Ubushobozi bwayo burahagije kugirango bugumane ubushyuhe muri 34-38 ° C kumasaha 36-40 (niba umubiri wa incubator uva muri firigo). Muri uru rubanza, amatara abiri 12 na volt kuva mumatara yimodoka ashyushya elemete. Itara rihujwe hagati yabo, thermostat muriki kibazo ntabwo ikoreshwa. K1 relay hamwe no guhuza amakuru sa1 harimo 220 v hamwe na thermostat. Iyo umuyoboro ufite voltage ya 220 v, imibonano ya relay irakinguye, gushyushya gushiramo amatara ya thermostator e1 - e4, bateri yishyuza ima charger. Niba voltage murusobe irashira, Imyandikire ya K1 ihabwa imbaraga, imibonano ya Sa1 irafunze kandi ihujwe na bateri hamwe na e5, amatara ya e6. Iyo voltage ari 220 v, inzira yose iri muburyo bunyuranye. Uburyo nk'ubwo bwo gukora bwo gutanga incubator yirinda kurenza urugero amagi, mu gihe habaye amashanyarazi atunguranye.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Kwishyiriraho Panel ya MDF ku gisenge hamwe na Kleimers
Igishushanyo cya 5 Amashanyarazi.
Mbere yo gupakira incubator, birabagiramo iminsi 1-2 kuri ubusa, kugenzura ubushyuhe kuri trays yo hasi kandi nyinshi. Ntigomba gutandukana kurenza 0.5 ° C. Kugira ngo babone ibisubizo byizewe, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bikoreshwa, bishyirwa by'agateganyo tray kugirango ibyosore bigaragare neza binyuze mu idirishya mu rugi rwicyumba cya incubation. Ihinduka ryubushyuhe rigomba gukorwa kandi nyuma yo gupakira incubator kumunsi wambere, kuko Kugaragara kw'amagi muri tray bihindura kuzenguruka fluxs. Ubuhamya bwa tormometero yigihe gito ugereranije nibimenyetso bya thermometero nkuru, bishimangirwa mu Rugereko. Mugihe cyo gutangaza, birakenewe gusubiramo tray rimwe kumunsi ukurikije gahunda yihariye: kuyiyobora kuva hasi cyangwa kubinyura hasi hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri trays hejuru kandi yo hepfo ya incubator. Mubihe bisanzwe, byoom bitanga inzira imwe buri gihe, ikatera mucyari hamwe nimitsi.
Ikoranabuhanga.
Mu mutego uryamye amagi mashya, imbogamizi zidarenze icyumweru kimwe. Mbere yibi, bifuzwa kugenzura kuri Ovuskope ya Ovuskope. Ihitamo ryayo ryoroshye rirashobora gukorwa muminota 1-2: Mu gifuniko cy'ikarito hamwe na kanseri hamwe na kasi yaguye umwobo ufite diameter ya mm 50. Imbonerahamwe yitara rya desk yashyizwe kumeza kugirango igice gifunguye kigaragaze. Cald irimo isahani iparayi ifite umwobo. Ovoscope yiteguye. Amagi nta shingiro, kimwe no mu nenge zo hanze (imiterere idasanzwe, ingano idakenewe, nibindi) baratoranijwe. Niba ubuso bwigi bwanduye, ntibigomba kuyahanagura hamwe nigitambaro. Nkuko imyitozo, nyuma yo kugenzura kuri Ososcope, umubare winkoko zishobora kugera kuri 90%, udafite ovoskop - 60%.
Iyo ushushanyijeho muri trays, buri amagi hamwe nikaramu cyangwa ikaramu yunvikana kumpande zombi byaranze imibare, urugero, Umubare umwe Umubare "1", naho ku rundi ruhande, "2". Rimwe ku munsi, amagi ahindukirira mu murongo: ubanza umubare "1" hejuru, bukeye - umubare "2". Ikirangantego gihabwa itariki yatangizwaho yanditswe, umubare wamagi, imibare irangwa nibirori. Murugo, ni ngombwa rwose kurangiza iherezo ryicyiciro cya mbere cyicyiciro cya mbere, gutanga akayiri hamwe nindi kirori cyangwa ikindi cyinyoni gisabwa kugirango yandike. Amagi avuye muyindi ntebe irangwa nindi mibare, urugero "3" na "4". Ikinyamakuru kigufasha gutegura itariki yibisohoka gusa, ariko nanone Itariki ya cheque ya kabiri, igomba gukorwa mugice cya kabiri cyigihe cyo guhagarika, mugihe amagi yatangiye kwiziza ("Stagger" ). Muri iki gihe, amagi yatoranijwe atarwaye, kandi imifuka yongeye gushingwa, nibindi bikoresho byashyizwe ahabiruhuko. Ubu buryo bugufasha gukoresha neza ingano yingirakamaro ya incubator. Nkumurwa wimyaka 9 wo gukora incubator yayo, icyarimwe hashobora kuba amagi yubwoko butandukanye bwinyoni: Inkoko, inkoko, inkongoro, ingagi. Ni ngombwa gusa kutitiranya igihe cyo gutwikira amagi ya buri bwoko bwinyoni, kandi tuzi amatariki yubusa.
Buri munsi, mugihe kimwe, trays hamwe namagi yakuwe muri incubator hanyuma uhindure iminota 15-20. Amagi arakonje muri iki gihe. Ubutegetsi nk'ubwo burahuye neza na kamere: muri vivo zoom rimwe kumunsi bisiga icyari cyo kugaburira. Kugirango ukore neza, amagi yo mu mazi (inkongo, ingagi) kuminjagira ashyuza amazi. "Guvura amazi" bigira ingaruka zibabaje ku rubyaro ruzaza: Biraremereye kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bw'ingoraka. Ni iyi ntego umwanditsi yanze guhisha guhindura imigani. Buri gihe nkenerwa guhindura amazi mu bwogero. Mubisanzwe inkoko ni iherezo kumunsi wa 19, inkoko na geussy - ku ya 26. Niba uburyo bwose bwabitse neza, umusaruro wamagi mumagi biba hamwe muminsi 1-2. Ku munsi wa Valupa, iyo incubator yuzuyemo paki, tray yubusa yashyizwe muri kamera yo kwakira abato. Inkoko nshya zikoreshwa zigomba gusimburwa igihe cyose gishoboka munzira itandukanye kugirango badashobora kubangamira gucyafite bagenzi bawe. Nyuma yo gukama, inkoko zakuwe muri incubator.