Ikiranga imiterere yingufu muri iki gihe nuko kuri sitasiyo yubushyuhe umubare wibice bihagarara kandi mugihe cyo hasi cyo kwiyongera, ibi biterwa nimpinduka mubikoreshwa nubushyuhe. Ibikoresho byizihiza mugihe kitazwi. Mugihe cyo guhagarika umuswa, igitutu cyumufasha kigabanuka ku kirere, haribishoboka ko ubushuhe no guhumeka binjiramo, kubera ko boieleri, bifatwa nk'ibirori, nk'uko hari akaga, nk'uko hari akaga Ibyangiritse kubikoresho byose byubushyuhe, harimo imiyoboro. Kubwibyo, muriki gihe ikibazo cyo kubungabunga kiba ngombwa cyane, kandi iterambere ryikoranabuhanga riratera imbere kuri ibi.
Gahunda ya bouler ikomeye.
Murakoze uburinzi bwa ruswa bwakozwe mugihe cyubusa, ibipimo byo gukora ibikoresho birakomeza, ibiciro byo gusana no gukira bya tekiniki no gukira byagabanijwe, kandi ibiciro byumusaruro bigabanuka.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kwirinda amanywa:
- Uburyo bwa gazi bwo kubungabunga;
- uburyo butose bwo kubungabunga;
- Uburyo bwo gukoresha hejuru;
- Inzira yo kubungabunga.
Boler yoroshye ya buri munsi izaganisha ku bikoresho bya rust mukarere ka kg 50 yicyuma. Iyo uhagaritse ibinyobwa byamazi mugihe cyamasaha 15 cyangwa ingoma kugeza kumunsi 1, birasabwa gutanga kubungabunga uburyo bwo gusunika hejuru, mugihe gito (iminsi 5-6) - uburyo bwo kubungabunga imizaru. Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gukuraho ruswa ya ogisijeni, ahabwa ibipimo n'imbaraga z'abatekiya, ibisobanuro byabo mu gihe cyo gukora.
Kurinda gari ya parikingi yibyuma byubwato mugihe cyumurwa mukuru no gusana, uburyo bwo kubungabunga bukoreshwa, bugumaho film yacyo kumwanya wa 1-2 nyuma yigihe cyo gutanga umusaruro utangwa , nko gusiba no kwiheba kwakomotour muri uru rubanza byanze bikunze.
Amabwiriza yo kubungabunga amazi meza n'amazi ashyushye
Gahunda ya gaze.
Ubu buryo bwagenewe kubungabunga boilers mugihe cyubusa no kugabanuka mukibazo cyo mu kirere. Ikoreshwa mu kubungabunga amazi n'amazi. Mugihe cyo kubungabunga uburinzi, imitsi irimo amazi irimo amazi kandi yuzuze gaze (urugero, azote), nyuma yo kubishyira mubyifuzo, icyarimwe, buzuye amazi atandukanijwe.
Uburyo bwo kubungabunga imitekerereze ya Steam bikubiyemo kuzuza imitsi ifite gaze ku bushyuhe bwo gushyushya mu ngoro. Muri iki kibazo, umwuka winjira imbere urakuyemo. Nk'uko iyi gahunda, gaze (azote) irimo incamake ku bakozi basohotse ba parike n'ingoma. Indwara ntoya muri boiler iterwa na azote.
Ubu buryo ntibushobora gukoreshwa mukubungabunga boialing aho igitutu cyagabanutse nyuma yo guhagarara ku kirere cyamazi. Hariho ibibazo byo guhagarika byihutirwa. Mu gihe cyo gusanwa, birasiba neza, mu kirere, ikirere kigwa imbere. Umubare wa azote n'umwuka nta gaciro ufite wo kuzuza ibibyimba n'umwuka, ntibishoboka kubisimbuza azote. Ahantu hose h'umwuka n'aho ubushuhe burenze 40%, icyuma cyibikoresho kizayoborwa na ogisijeni ogisijeni.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Igishushanyo gito
Itandukaniro rito ryihariye ryihariye ntabwo arimpamvu yonyine. Intangiriro yumwuka muri boiler hamwe no gukwirakwiza kimwe kuri azote ntibishoboka kandi biterwa nuburyo bwo gutanga hydraulic, gahunda yo gutanga ibikoresho bya azoge (nabasohokamo). Kandi muri boiler hari ibyo bita ahantu hatandujwe bidashoboka. Kubwibyo, ubu buryo burakoreshwa nyuma yo gukora boiilar munsi yimizigo mugihe ukomeje kwishyushya. Uku ni ukubura igisubizo nkiki.
Inshingano yuburyo bwo kubungabunga gaze ya boiler nukuyongera kwizerwa no gukora neza. Yerekanwa mububiko bwuzuye munzira yuzuye ya gaze, utitaye kumiterere yo guhagarara. Uburyo bwo kubungabunga uburyo bwo kubungabunga bugereranywa na gahunda (Ishusho 1).
Gahunda yo kubungabunga insinga ifite ibikoresho byo muri boiler:
Gahunda ya boiler.
- Ingoma.
- Inyungu.
- Superheater.
- Inyungu.
- Capabora.
- Inyungu.
- Gusohoka kuri mugenzi wawe Steamer.
- Kure yinclone.
- Inyungu.
- Ecran ya chone yazengurukaga muri boiler.
- Ushinzwe umutekano.
- Amashanyarazi yingingo yo hepfo ya boiler.
- Inyungu zisohoka Urugereko rwa Steamer.
- Amasoko ya azote hamwe na valve.
- Gutezimbere umwuka wo gukuraho hamwe na valve.
- Umurongo wo gukuramo hamwe namazi hamwe na valve.
Urutonde rwibikoresho bikenewe, ibikoresho, ibiranga:
- U-shusho igitutu.
- Isesengura rya gaze.
- Gushira mu mbuga.
- Ibibanza byahujwe.
- Screwdrivers.
- Dosiye.
- Ingazi.
- Indobo.
- Collal.
- Paronite.
- Corks, Bolts, imbuto, yarashe.
- Amafaranga n'imiti yo gufasha mbere yo kumenya.
- Kizimyamwoto.
Inzira yo kubungabunga gaze ya boiler ikorwa nkibi bikurikira (urugero rwo kubungabunga ingoma yingoma ya steam yatanzwe):
Gahunda yo Gutandukanya Ibikoresho byo mu ngobyi.
Boiler ibohora amazi nyuma yo guhagarara, ukingure ingingo zayo zose. Nyuma yo gusiba, ahantu hamwe haracyari imvange yo mu kirere irimo ogisijeni itera intambara y'ibikoresho by'icyatsi. Kugirango wimure umwuka uvanze, ibintu byose byo muri boiler (1, 3, 5, 7, 7, 8, 10, 11) zuzuye amazi atemba. Kuzuza bibaho ukoresheje ingingo zo hasi (12). Kuzuza byuzuye bigenzurwa na valve (15), nyuma yaho bafunze kandi azote yatanzwe binyuze muri valve (14), icyo gihe, mu kirere (9, 2, 6, 6, 4, 13).
Kugaburira azote muri boiler, birakenewe gufungura imiyoboro yingingo zo hasi yibice byayo byose. Noneho amazi asabwa, kandi umuswa wuzuye azote. Umuvuduko wa azote muri boiler wahinduwe kumurongo wa 14 na (mugihe bibaye ngombwa) kumurongo 16. Nyuma yuko amazi yuzuyemo azote asabwa kugirango abungabunge (25-100 Amazi ya MM). Nubwo hari umubare muto ufite amazi yoroheje mubice bimwe na bimwe byabitse, icyuma cyibikoresho byororokanwa, bigaragazwa nubushakashatsi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburyo bwasabye bworoheje cyane kwizerwa biterwa no kujugunywa mu buryo bwuzuye. Biyuzuzamo amazi asebanya n'amazi ahwanye n'amazi.
Amabwiriza yuburyo butose bwo kubungabunga amazi ashyushye na boiam
Gahunda yo gukora.
Boiler yuzuyemo ibisubizo birinda bitera urudomo ku cyuma, kugumana imitungo yacyo mugihe cyo kudakora cya generator ya Steam. Mu mazi kugirango wuzuze generator ya Steam, yongeyeho, yitegereza ibipimo: 2-3 kg sodium hydroxide na 5-10 kg ya sodium fosmoji hamwe na kg 1 yongeyeho cyangwa 10% Hydrazine hydrate igisubizo. Igisubizo nkiki gitanga ibitekerezo mumazi 200 mg / kg NZH, yongeweho ukoresheje pompe ya plunger. Gukonjesha kwabike hamwe no gukuramo byayo nyuma yubu buryo bwo kubungabunga vuba. Kurandura ibicuruzwa, koresha igisubizo kidasanzwe kikirinda, kirimo caustic Nat. Gukoresha soda yambaye abarabara nabyo bikorwa, ariko ntibifuzwa, kubera ko hari ibyago byo gusebanya kw'ibanze.
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Ukoresheje uburyo butose bwo kubungabunga, umuswa wuzuyemo igisubizo kirinda, kitanga rwose ingese, nubwo amazi yuzuyemo ogisijeni. Mugihe cyo gukoresha uburyo buteganijwe bwo kubungabunga, birashoboka kumenya igihe cyigihe runaka utabuze ubucukuzi; Menya igihe cyo kuvoma, gusana inyandiko, guhumeka, guterura urusobekeri nibindi bikoresho hamwe nizindi ngamba zisafu.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga
Gukora kubungabunga imiyoboro ya boiler, ugomba kwemeza gukama hejuru nubuyobye, funga ibyiza cyane. Kurikirana kwibanda kubisubizo (ibintu bya sodium sulfate ntibigomba kuba munsi ya mg ya 50 mg / l). Gukoresha uburyo bwo kubungabunga mugihe cyo gusana cyangwa imbere yubusa muri boiler ntibyemewe, kubera ko kwizihiza ubukana nibisabwa. Niba, hamwe nuburyo bwumye kandi bwuzuye bwo kubungabunga, ibihuha birakemewe, noneho hamwe natose - ntabwo ari akaga.
Gahunda ya superheater yihuta.
Nibiba ngombwa, hagarika igituba mugihe gito cyo gukoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga, kuzuza ibishishwa no kubungabunga amazi yicaye hamwe no kubungabunga amazi. Mugihe cyo kugabanuka mu gitutu muri boiler nyuma yo guhagarikwa kuri 0, kuzuza amazi yitandukanije ntaho bimaze. Noneho ugomba guteka amazi yo muburatsi ahantu hafunguye, ibi bikorwa kugirango ukureho ogisijeni. Nyuma yo guteka, niba igitutu gisigaye kitari munsi ya 0.5 MPA, kubungabunga birashobora gukorwa. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa gusa kubirimo hasi ya ogisijeni mumazi yitandukanije. Niba ibirimo bya ogisijeni birenze agaciro karemewe, ruswa ibyuma ya parike irashoboka.
Boilers hamwe no guhagarara ako kanya nyuma yumurimo irashobora kugengwa nuburyo butose bwo kubungabunga, utakinguye ingoma na bagenzi bawe.
Mu mazi yintungato, urashobora kongeramo Amoni muburyo bwa gaze. Filime ikingira irayirinda ruswa ishyirwaho hejuru yicyuma.
Kugirango ukureho ibintu byangiritse muri boiars bireba igihe kirekire, koresha uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ushyigikira igitutu kirenze, gishyigikira umusego urenze umusego wa nitcic hejuru yamazi, birashoboka ko kwinjira mu kirere bivanwaho. Bitandukanye no kubungabunga byumye, aho habika amanota y'amazi, byemezwa no gutanga amazi yo mu mazi, ibikoresho byo mu masatsi bibungabungwa mu bihugu bikwiye gukoreshwa nibiba ngombwa. Mugihe cyo kubungabunga, gutanga amabuye y'agaciro ntibyemewe.
Uburyo bwo kubungabunga imisaruzi
Igishushanyo cyo guhuza cyaka umuriro.
Inyigisho ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga boiler mugukora uruhara rukoreshwa tutitaye ku buso bw'ubwatsi. Ubundi buryo hamwe namazi nibisubizo byihariye ntibishobora kurinda ibibyimba byo hagati byinjizaga bivangwa na ruswa, kuva ingorane zimwe zivuka mugihe zuzura no gukaraba. Kurinda ababasiwe, kubungabunga bikoreshwa na vacuum kumisha ya vacuum ukoresheje ammonia gaseous cyangwa kuzuza azote batitaye kubusa. Naho ibyuma bya kanseri ya ecran hamwe nibindi bice byinzira yo kunyuramo yingoma, birinzwe kimwe 100% kurwego rumwe.
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Ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije rikwiranye na boam na boiam y'amazi ashyushye. Ihame ry'ubu buryo ni ugukomeza igitutu mu bitsi by'umuvuduko hejuru y'ikirere, kizarinda ogisijeni muri yo, kandi gikoreshwa mubyitsa ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose. Kugira ngo ashyigikire ashyuha muri boiler, yuzuyemo amazi atandukanye. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mugihe hakenewe kuzana imitsi cyangwa gukora imirimo yo gusana bidafitanye isano nimbaraga zingamba hejuru yubushyuhe, byose.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'uburyo bwo gukomeza gushyuha mu guhagarika amazi ashyushye cyangwa ibikatsi byo mubyimba birashoboka muburyo butandukanye:
- Mugihe cyibiciro byubwato, iminsi irenga 10 irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwumutse cyangwa uburyo butogoshe (bwiyemeje kuboneka kwabaturage, nibindi.).
- Mugihe kirekire mu gihe cy'itumba kandi mugihe cyo gushyushya, abategarugori barashobora gukwanzwe nuburyo bwumye; Gukoresha uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije muri ibi bihe bitemewe.
Guhitamo inzira imwe cyangwa ikindi biterwa nuburyo bwo gukora bwicyumba cya boiler, umubare rusange wa backup hamwe na boilers, nibindi
Uburyo bwumye bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije
Gahunda yo gukuraho Boiler.
Kurekura ibibyimba biva mu mazi ku gitutu kiri hejuru y'ikirere kibaho nyuma yo gusiba kubera ibyuma byegeranijwe mu bushyuhe hejuru y'igitutu cy'abapfumu. Mugihe kimwe, ubuso bwimbere bwingoma, ibigega n'imiyoboro byumye.
Hagarara kumema akoreshwa mubyitsa hamwe nigitutu icyo aricyo cyose, ariko niba nta guhuza imiyoboro hamwe ningoma. Bikorerwa hamwe nigikorwa cyateganijwe mubigega cyangwa mugihe cyo gusana ibikorwa byibikoresho mugihe kitarenze iminsi 30, kimwe no guhagarara byihutirwa. Kugirango ukureho ubushuhe kwinjira muri boiler mugihe cyo gutaha, ugomba gukurikiza gutandukana kwayo mumico y'amazi nigitutu. Ugomba gufunga cyane: Kwinjiza procooles, gufunga indangagaciro, gusubiramo indangagaciro.
Kwimura amazi byakozwe nibipimo byigitutu 0.8-1.0 MPA nyuma yuko umubyimba uhagarara kandi ukonje muburyo busanzwe. Ihanagura hejuru yo guhanagura kumugaragaro. Iyo urangije imiyoboro no gutwara, indangagaciro hamwe n'insangano zo guhumeka kwamatsima, Laz na SANDOX na gahunda y'ibikoresho bya gaze bigomba gufungwa, gusa umugambi wo gusubiramo ukomeje gufungura, nibiba ngombwa, impande zashyizweho.
Mubikorwa byo kubungabunga nyuma yicyatsi birangizwa rwose, birakenewe buri gihe gukurikira inzira y'amazi cyangwa buri gihe muri boiler. Igenzura nkiryo rikorwa numva umwanya ushobora kubinjira mukarere kahungabanye, gufungura imiyoboro yingingo hamwe na pipeline, impapuro zimpapuro mugihe gito.
Mugihe habaye amazi yo kwinjira muri boiler, ugomba gufata ingamba zikenewe. Nyuma yibyo, ibishishwa bigomba kurangira, guterura igitutu kuri 1.5-2.0 mpa. Umuvuduko wasobanuwe ukomeza amasaha menshi, hanyuma utange azote anew. Niba ubuhehere budashoboka gukuraho, kwitabaza uburyo bwo kubungabunga no gukomeza gushyuha muri boiler. Ubu buryo buracyakoreshwa mugihe mugihe cyo guhagarara kwabika byakoranye imirimo yo gusana hejuru yubushyuhe kandi bakeneye gukata.