Amashanyarazi nikintu gikomeye kandi gifite inshingano. Niba ugiye gukora imirimo yose wenyine, ugomba gukora byose witonze kandi ubigiranye umwete. Indwara iboneye yo kwisiga mu nzu yigenga ni kubitsa mu mutekano, kuko mu mibare 70% byakazi bibaho kubera amakosa y'amashanyarazi. Niba utazi neza kubushobozi bwawe, nibyiza kwizera akazi inzobere, neza.
Wiring Wuring munzu yigenga arashobora gukorwa n'amaboko yawe
Gahunda y'ibikorwa
Wiring Wuring munzu yigenga bikorwa mbere yo gutangira imirimo. Agasanduku k'inzu wirukanye, inkuta no gusakara biteguye, - igihe kirageze cyo gutangira akazi. Urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa ni:- Kugena ubwoko bwinjiza ni icyiciro kimwe (220 v) cyangwa icyiciro cya gatatu (380 v).
- Gutezimbere gahunda, kubara imbaraga z'ibikoresho byateganijwe, gutanga inyandiko no kwakira umushinga. Twabibutsa hano ko atari buri gihe muburyo bwa tekiniki buzagena imbaraga watangaje, birashoboka cyane ko utarenze kw 5.
- Guhitamo ibice nibigize, kugura metero, imbunda, insinga, nibindi.
- Injiza amashanyarazi ava mumyanya mu nzu. Byakozwe numuryango wihariye, ugomba guhitamo ubwoko - umwuka cyangwa munsi yubutaka, shyira ahantu heza hashyizweho ibyinjira na comple.
- Shyira ingabo, kora amashanyarazi murugo.
- Gushiraho insinga imbere munzu, guhuza sockets, zirahinduka.
- Igikoresho cyumuzunguruko hamwe nihuza ryayo.
- Kwipimisha sisitemu kandi wakire igikorwa.
- Guhuza amashanyarazi nibikorwa byayo.
Iyi ni gahunda rusange gusa, muri buri gihugu hari nuans nibiranga, ariko birakenewe gutangirana nibisabwa na tekiniki yo guhuza grid power hamwe numushinga. Kugirango ukore ibi, birakenewe kumenya ubwoko bwinjiza nimbaraga ziteganijwe zo gukoresha imbaraga. Igomba kwibukwa ko gutegura inyandiko bishobora gufata amezi atandatu, kugirango byiza bikorwa mbere yo kubaka: imyaka ibiri ihabwa irangizwa ryimiterere ya tekiniki. Muri iki gihe, byanze bikunze, uzashobora kwirukana urukuta ushobora gushyira imashini na comptoir.
Ni ibyiciro bingahe
Icyiciro kimwe (220 v) cyangwa icyiciro cya gatatu (380 v) gishobora guhabwa inzu yigenga. Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gukoresha ingufu ku muyoboro wihariye kumurongo umwe, gukoresha ibiciro ntarengwa bishobora kuba 10-15 kw, icyiciro cya gatatu - 15 KW 15.
Ibyiciro byicyiciro bitatu birakenewe gusa mugihe ukeneye guhuza ibikoresho bikomeye biruka kumurongo 380 v
None se itandukaniro ni irihe? Mubyukuri ko mubice bitatu, urashobora kubamo ibindi bikoresho bikomeye byamashanyarazi - amashyiga yamashanyarazi cyangwa boiand yo gushyushya, ihanwa, nibikoresho nkibikoresho. Ariko, ibisabwa kugirango winjizwe no gukwirakwiza umuyoboro 380 muburyo bukomeye: voltage ni menshi, amahirwe menshi yo gukomeretsa bikomeye. Kuberako niba udafite inzu irenga 100, kandi ntutekereza ko ari ukuyikuramo amashanyarazi, urusheho kumara 220 V.
Gushushanya gahunda no kubona umushinga
Guhitamo ubwoko bwinjiza, urashobora gukomeza iterambere rya gahunda yo gukwirakwiza murugo. Fata gahunda murugo kurwego, hanyuma ushushanye aho tekinike izahagarara, yitwaza aho washyira soketi no guhinduranya. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kuzirikana aho hantu hanini ibikoresho byinshi bizahagarara, kandi aho bishobora gutondekwa, kugirango abo bahanga batahindura soketi no guhinduranya.
Kuri gahunda bizaba ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byose byo gucana: chandeliers, ibisigisizi, amatara hasi, amatara. Kuri bamwe muribo, uzakenera kuzunguruka bimwe - hejuru. Icyo gihe bizaba ngombwa kugereranya ibikoresho muri buri cyumba bizakenera gushiramo. Kurugero, igikoni gifite ikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga rikora buri gihe. Kuri yo, ugomba gukenera ibintu. Haracyari tekinike ifungura rimwe na rimwe. Ibi byose bikoreshwa muri gahunda, ahantu hatazwi amanota yinjiza yiyemeje. Uburyo bumwe muri buri cyumba.
Ingaruka zigishushanyo mbonera cyamashanyarazi munzu yigenga. Ugomba kandi kugira gahunda nkiyi.
Kugena imbaraga zose
Guhitamo uburyo bwa tekinike buzahagarara murugo rwawe, muri make imbaraga zayo. Imbaraga zisanzwe zirashobora gukurwa kumeza: Ubuhanga buracyahari. Kandi aho hari, kuzirikana abatabiriye (ni hejuru cyane). Ku mubare wabonetse, ongeraho hafi 20% yububiko. Igisubizo kizaba imbaraga zisabwa. We no kwerekana Impapuro zitangwa kugirango ubone uruhushya rwo guhuza amashanyarazi kurubuga. Niba wahawe imbaraga zavuzwe, ufite amahirwe menshi, ariko twizere ko tutabikwiye. Byinshi birashoboka ko bizaba ngombwa gushora imari muri 5 ya 1 - imipaka ikunze kugaragara mumashanyarazi ku nzu yiherereye.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Akagari k'inkwavu ubikora wenyine
Impuzandengo yagaciro yububasha bwibikoresho byo kubara umutwaro wose kumurimo wigenga hamwe namaboko yabo
Gusenyuka kw'abaguzi mu matsinda
Aba baguzi bose (iyi niyo jambo abanyamwuga) - amatara, spotlight, guhinduranya, socket - yacitse mumatsinda. Ishami ryihariye riratandukanye numuyagankuba kubikoresho byo gucana. Mubisanzwe bifata imwe, ariko ibi ntabwo ari itegeko, birashobora kuba byiza cyangwa byinshi byo gukora amashami abiri - kuri buri shishyamba ryinzu cyangwa buri ndogota biterwa n'ubwoko no guhuza inyubako. Mubyukuri mumatsinda atandukanye yerekana ubwishingizi bwo hasi, ibyumba byingirakamaro, kimwe numucyo kumuhanda.
Noneho bagabanijwemo amatsinda ya socket. Ni bangahe ushobora "gutera" ku nsike imwe - biterwa na diameter ya wire yakoreshejwe, ariko ntabwo ari byinshi - bitatu cyangwa bitanu cyangwa bitanu, ntibikiriho. Guhuza buri gikoresho gikomeye, nibyiza kwerekana umurongo wamashanyarazi utandukanye: Bizewe cyane uhereye kubona umutekano wumuriro, kandi uzagira uruhare mu gukorana igihe kirekire.
Nkigisubizo, urashobora kugenda mu gikoni mirongo itatu - imirongo irindwi - hano tekinike ni imbaraga nyinshi: kuri electrocol, amashyiga yumuntu arakenewe nta shiti. Firigo, Microwave, ifu y'amashanyarazi, imashini imesa nibyiza "gutera" ukwayo. Ntabwo ari blender ikomeye, gutunganya ibiryo, nibindi Urashobora gushira kumurongo umwe.
Gushushanya insinga munzu yigenga: Turasuzuma umubare wamatsinda kandi duteganya icyo duhuza
Icyumba mubisanzwe kijya kumirongo ibiri cyangwa ine: mumazu agezweho kandi mucyumba icyo aricyo cyose hari ikintu cyo gushirwa muri gride yamashanyarazi. Umurongo umwe uzajya kumurika. Ku nshuro ya kabiri hazabaho amasoko uzakenera gufungura mudasobwa, router, TV, terefone. Bose ntibakomeye cyane kandi barashobora guhuzwa mumatsinda amwe. Niba icyuma gikonjesha, cyangwa uzahindukira umushyitsi w'amashanyarazi - dukeneye imirongo itandukanye.
Niba inzu yigenga ari nto - akazu, kurugero, hashobora kubaho amatsinda abiri cyangwa atatu muri rusange: ni kubikoresho byose byoroheje, iyakabiri iri kumuhanda na pato ya gatatu - kuri socket zose. Muri rusange, umubare w'amatsinda ni umuntu ku giti cye kandi bitewe cyane cyane mubunini bwinzu numubare wibikoresho byamashanyarazi muri yo.
Gahunda yo kwisiga amashanyarazi irashobora kuba nto cyane niba inzu ari nto
N'umubare w'amatsinda yakiriwe, umubare wa Automata ku murongo wo kugabura mu nzu uteganijwe: Ongeraho amatsinda abiri ku mubare w'amatsinda (mu buryo butunguranye, bibagiwe ikintu cy'ingenzi, cyangwa bikenewe kugira ikintu gishya kuri Shyiramo, ugabanye itsinda ryitsinda ryinshi cyangwa ritandukanye cyane kuri babiri, nibindi). Mu mubare w'amatsinda, akanama gakwirakwiza n'umubare wa Automata muri yo hatoranijwe: ni mu buryo bwikora kuri buri tsinda. Niba inzu yigenga ari manini - kumagorofa menshi, byumvikana gushyira umuto muto cyane kuri buri ndogondi, kandi bifitanye isano nabo imbunda.
Aho ushyira ingabo
Kubabazwa statution kurubuga ntabwo ari ibisanzwe. Hano haribimenyeshwa intera kuva mumiyoboro, igomba kuba intera byibuze metero 1. Imiyoboro iterwa icyo ari cyo cyose: Umuyoboro w'amazi, ushyushya, imyanda, imiyoboro y'imbere, umuyoboro wa gazi ndetse na metero gazi.Nta mbogamizi zijyanye n'ibibanza. Benshi bashyira ingabo mucyumba cyo gusna: Iyo icyumba cya tekiniki, birakwiriye gukusanya itumanaho rya hano. Imibiri yakiriwe yibirego ntabwo ishyiraho. Rimwe na rimwe, biroroshye gushyira ingabo hafi y'urugo. Niba itsinda ryingabo ryujuje ibisabwa, nta kirego bigomba.
Guhitamo insinga nibigize
Bisanzwe muri iki gihe, gahunda yo kwiranga amashanyarazi yinzu yigenga ikubiyemo bibiri byikora. Imwe - Kwinjira - byashizwe kuri metero, nkuko amategeko agenga umuhanda. Indwara yayo kandi yicaye iyo ikora. Imashini ya kabiri yikora ya Uzo yashyize munzu imbere yingabo. Imbarutso iriho (guhagarika) muri ibi bikoresho byatoranijwe kugirango imashini ihagarikwa mbere, yashyizwe munzu (ikiriho ni gito). Noneho, hamwe nibisubizo byihutirwa, ntuzakenera kuzamuka munsi yinzu.
Gahunda isanzwe yamashanyarazi yinzu yigenga: Amatsinda arashobora kuba atandukanye cyane
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: akarere k'imikino kubana mugihugu
Niba umutwaro wabazwe uri munsi ya 15 KW, infashanyo yinjira yashyize kuri 25 A.. Muri metero yatoranijwe. Hamwe n'imbaraga nyinshi zakoreshejwe, umutego uzasabwa, ibipimo byayo n'ibipimo by'ibikoresho byose bizashyirwa ku mushinga.
Vuba aha, mugihe uhuza inzu yigenga gride, ugomba kwinjizamo metero kandi byikora kumuhanda. Iki gisabwa nticyemezwa namategeko, gusa rero serivisi zoroshye amashanyarazi kugirango agenzure ibiyobyabwenge. Niba ubishaka, urashobora guhatanira niba atariyo - hitamo konte kandi byikora mumazu hamwe numukungugu nubushuhe no kwikinisha - icyiciro cyo kurengera ntabwo kiri munsi ya IP-55. Kugira ngo ushyire imbere mu nyubako, uburinzi bugomba kuba buke - IP-44, buri, bizaba hasi kandi igiciro.
Hitamo insinga
Kubwinshi munzu yigenga, nibyiza gukoresha insinga, ntabwo ari insinga. Bafite insulation, byibuze inshuro ebyiri, kubwibyo, ibisabwa kugirango bishyireho bidakomeye, kandi ubikoreshe umutekano. Imiterere yimbere igomba gukorwa munzu yigenga ifite ubutaka burinda. Mbere, nta bisabwa nkaya, ubu ibikoresho byinshi by'amashanyarazi bifite amashanyarazi bigira amafarasi atatu kandi bisaba ko habaho ibikorwa byiza. Kuberako umugozi ugomba kuba batatu.Mu migozi y'amashanyarazi, imitsi ikozwe mu muringa cyangwa aluminium. Nubwo aluminium kandi bihendutse, ikoreshwa kenshi: biragoye, biracika kenshi, biragoye gukorana nayo. Hamwe no gushaka inshinge yigenga mumashanyarazi munzu yigenga kandi adahari uburambe, birashobora kuba ikibazo. Byongeye kandi, mumazu yimbaho imbere ntabwo ashobora gukoreshwa.
Kugena igice cyambukiranya ibinyabiziga
Nyuma yiyemeje ibikoresho, urashobora guhitamo diameter yumugozi wabayeho. Kora ukurikije umutwaro wateganijwe kumurongo kumeza.
Kubara Amashanyarazi - Guhitamo Cable Cable yakozwe kuri iyi mbonerahamwe
Igice cya Cross-core cyatoranijwe nikigezweho cyangwa nimbaraga zabaguzi bose bahujwe na mashini imwe. Hano uzongera kuza muri gahunda yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi murugo, aho ushushanyijeho amatsinda yabaguzi. Ubona umubare wimigezi cyangwa ubushobozi bwibikoresho byose hanyuma ugahitamo igice wifuzaga kiba kumeza.
Nigute wakoresha ameza? Niba twahisemo gushiraho inshonga z'umuringa, kwinjiza voptage ya 220 v, noneho igice cyibumoso kikwiranye nikibazo cyimbere, inkingi ihuye. Bizagereranywa nimbaraga zabonetse za bose zihujwe nitsinda ryabaguzi (kugirango babone byoroshye). Ahamwe aho tuvuga ku nsinga z'umuringa ryashyizwe muri tray, ubusa, imiyoboro, inkingi "220 v" Shakisha agaciro gakomeye. Kuri uyu murongo wimukira iburyo ku gice cya "APT. mm. Umubare werekanwe hano kandi uzabaho mubunini bukenewe. Kuva mu mukoresha w'iyi diameter, uzakenera gukora insinga z'amashanyarazi ziva kuri mashini zerekeza mu ntoki cyangwa zirimo.
Kugirango tutagira urujijo mugihe kubara no kurambika, imitsi yumurongo umwe yerekana mubijyanye nibara runaka (andika, kugirango utibagirwe ibara ibyo batunze). Nyuma ya diameter yasobanuwe mumatsinda yose yabaguzi, basuzuma uburebure bwinsinga zisabwa kuri buri bunini, 2-25% byongewe kumibare iboneka. Wabaruwe urwara murugo rwawe.
Guhitamo Ubwoko bwa Shell
Ibisabwa bimwe bya shell ni mugihe hashize amashanyarazi munzu yibiti: birasabwa gukoresha gatatu (NYM) kwinjiza insinga. Mu ngo yibikoresho byabo bike byaka ushobora gukoresha wenyine. Ikintu cyingenzi nuko ari mwese, badafite ibice, urujya n'uruza n'ibindi byangiritse. Niba ushaka gushimangirwa, urashobora gukoresha ubuyobozi bwongerewe. Birumvikana mubyumba bifite ubushuhe bukabije (igikoni, ubwiherero, pisine, Sauna, nibindi).Soma byinshi kubyerekeye guteranya ingabo z'amashanyarazi n'amaboko yawe, soma hano.
Hitamo ibimenyetso no guhinduranya
Kubikoresho bimwe bifatika byatoranijwe kurwego ntarengwa (gutangira). Ku bandi baguzi bafite imbaraga nke, bajya ku ruhame. Ugomba kumenya icyo ari:
- Hanze - iyo amazu akomeretsa kurukuta. Biroroshye kuyishyiraho: Substrate irashyizwe kurukuta, kandi hari sock hejuru. Ariko moderi nkizo ubu ni abantu bake bakoresha, ndetse no kuri Dachas. Impamvu ni ubwiza: ntabwo ari ibintu byiza cyane.
- Imbere. Munsi yamashanyarazi habaye kwimbitse murukuta, agasanduku ko gushiraho gushiramo kandi karashyirwaho. Imbere muriyi sanduku, igice cyamashanyarazi cya sock cyangwa switch byinjijwe.
Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Abashakanye bazengurutse ubwawe: igikoresho
Ninyuma yamashanyarazi yimbere no guhinduranya uyumunsi birakoreshwa cyane. Zirimbishijwe muburyo butandukanye, bashushanyije mumabara atandukanye. Twatoranijwe cyane cyane mumajwi yinyuma, kandi niba bidashoboka, ni umweru.
Nigute ushobora guhuza switches ya pasiporo (fungura / kumurika kuva ahantu habiri cyangwa byinshi) barabisoma.
Wiring hamwe namaboko yawe
Izuba ryubwubatsi rigezweho ritanga umusaruro wihishe. Irashobora gushirwa muburyo budasanzwe mu rukuta rwa Groove - inkweto. Nyuma yo kurambika insinga, basizwe hamwe no gushiramo, ugereranije nubuso bwurukuta rusigaye. Niba inkuta ndende zizashyirwa ahagaragara ibikoresho byurupapuro - Plasterboard, Gvl, nibindi, ntabwo bikenewe. Insinga zishyirwa mu cyuho kiri hagati y'urukuta ndangiza, ariko muriki gihe - gusa mu maboko ya Corsugate. Igikonoshwa hamwe na insinga zometse ku cino ku miterere.
Uburyo ingorane y'imbere igomba gushyirwaho. Mu nzu yigenga, hamwe n'amaboko yawe, ugomba gukurikiza amategeko yose.
Iyo hashize, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko kwibuka imbere yimbere yinzu yigenga bikorwa mumategeko n'ibyifuzo byose. Gusa kugirango ubashe kwemeza umutekano. Amategeko shingiro ni:
- Wingi cyane kandi utambitse, nta mfuruka zizengurutse cyangwa inzira zihenze;
- Ahantu hose hagomba gukorwa mugushiraho ibisanduku;
- Inzozi zitambitse zigomba kuba ku butumburuke byibuze metero 2,5, umugozi ugana hanze cyangwa guhinduranya amanurwa.
Gahunda irambuye yo gutangiza inzira, isa nukuri ko kumafoto yavuzwe haruguru, birakenewe gukiza. Bizaza mubitori mugihe cyo gusana cyangwa kuvugurura insinga. Bizaba ngombwa kujyana nawe niba hari hafi yacyo bizagera cyangwa gukora umwobo, funga umusumari. Igikorwa nyamukuru ntabwo ari ukubona umugozi.
Uburyo bwo Guhuza Wire
Ijanisha rinini ryibibazo byamashanyarazi biva muburyo bubi. Bashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye:
- Kugoreka. Gusa ibyuma byo gusahumana birashobora guhuzwa muri ubu buryo, cyangwa ntibinjiramo imiti. Kugoreka umuringa kandi alumini ntigishobora kumvikana. Mu bindi bihe, uburebure bwabayobora bwambaye ubusa bugomba kuba byibura mm 40. Insinga zombi zirahujwe, nkinshi rishoboka, abapolisi bashyizwe umwe hafi yundi. Kuva hejuru, ihuriro ritwikiriwe na kaseti na / cyangwa ryuzuyemo ubushyuhe bwamavu. Niba ushaka guhura 100%, kandi igihombo ni gito, ntugasuzugure isuku kuri sup. Muri rusange, ukurikije ibipimo bigezweho, ubu bwoko bwimigozi ifatwa nkibyongeweho.
Gushiraho amategeko yo kwinjiza amashanyarazi muri Ohme wenyine birabujijwe guhindura inkuta (toasting). Niba bashobora kuba, noneho mumasanduku yo gushiraho, aho bashobora kugenzurwa
- Guhuza ukoresheje agasanduku ka terminal hamwe na clamp. Kubijyanye na plastiki irwanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma byicyuma birwango, bikagongwa na screw. Isuku yumuyobozi wigisha winjijwe muri sock, yakosoye hamwe na screw, hamwe na screwdriver. Ubu bwoko bwo guhuza nibyizewe cyane.
Guhuza insinga z'amashanyarazi hamwe n'amasanduku ya terminal - ni byihuse, byoroshye, byizewe, amahoro
- Guhuza inkweto hamwe n'amasoko. Muri ibi bikoresho, hatangwa umubonano nisoko. Umuyobora umugozi yinjijwe muri sock, niyihe clamp.
Kandi uko byagenda kose, uburyo bwizewe bwo guhuza ni ugusukura no kugurisha. Niba ushobora kugirana isano kuri ibi, dushobora gutekereza ko nta kibazo uzagira. Ibyo ari byo byose hamwe n'amasano.
Gushiraho insinga munzu hamwe namaboko yawe bisaba gusohoza neza ibisabwa byose. Iyi ni garanti yumutekano wawe numutekano wimitungo yawe bwite.
Nyuma y'insinga ziva mu mashini kugeza kuri sock cyangwa hashyizweho hashyizweho isuku, imitsi ihuriweho, igenzura ubusugire bw'abakozi, ndetse buri wese ku isi - Kugenzura ntabwo byangiritse ahantu. Niba umugozi utangiritse, tangira gushiraho sock cyangwa switch. Muguhuza, ibihe byose reba ikizamini. Noneho birashobora gukorwa kumurongo ukwiye. Byongeye kandi, imashini yifuzwa guhita asinya: Bizoroha kuyobora.
Kuba yarangije gutandukanya amashanyarazi munzu yose, kugenzura ibintu byose wenyine, bitera abanyamwuga ba electrolboratoire. Bagenzura imiterere yabatwara no kwishishoza, bapima urugero na zeru, ukurikije ibisubizo biguha igikorwa (protocole) y'ibizamini. Bitabaye ibyo, ntuzatanga uruhushya.