Ubujyakuzimu bw'ifatizo ni umuntu uteganijwe biterwa n'ubwoko bw'inyubako cyangwa imiterere, ubutaka, ubutaka bwo ku rubuga ndetse n'urwego rw'amazi. Ubu bunini kandi bugira ingaruka ku gishushanyo cy'inyubako (hamwe cyangwa nta munsi yo munsi), ihame ryo gukoresha (hamwe cyangwa ridafite ubushyuhe), amagorofa n'uburemere.
Niba tubivuze, iyi ni yo gaciro izakenera gushyingura umusingi kugira ngo ibone inkunga ihamye yo kubaka. Ni amoko abiri:
- kure cyane;
- Umugereka muto cyangwa ugeze.
Ubwoko bwimizigo yimbitse yimbitse ya blowjob
Dukurikije ibipimo by'ubwubatsi hagamijwe kurwanya imbaraga z'ubukonje, umugewo ugomba guhindagurika kuri cm 15-20 munsi yurwego rwimbuto zubutaka. Iyo iyi miterere yujujwe, umusingi witwa "kwiha cyane" cyangwa "blunt".
Hamwe n'uburebure bw'imbaraga, metero zirenga 2 zikora inzobere nini zifite umunuko munini, gukoresha ibikoresho nabyo ni binini kandi igiciro kiri hejuru cyane. Muri iki gihe, ubundi bwoko bwifatizo bufatwa - ikirundo cyangwa ikirundo cyangwa ibiti byo guhumeka, kimwe nibishoboka byo kujya hejuru yuburyo bwo kubusa. Ariko ibi birashoboka gusa imbere yubutaka busanzwe bufite ubushobozi busanzwe, kwiyegurira bande na fondasiyo, kimwe nigikoresho cyubwitonzi. Muri iki gihe, ubujyakuzimu bwashizweho kugabanuka rimwe na rimwe kandi mubisanzwe bitarenze metero.
Rimwe na rimwe, urufatiro rusukwa neza hejuru. Nuburyo bwo kubungabunga urugo, kandi bishoboka cyane kwinkwi. Gusa abonye ibintu nkibi birashobora kwishyura amafaranga yo kubogama.
Ubushakashatsi bwibanze
Mbere yo gutegura murugo, ugomba guhitamo umwanya urubuga ushaka gushyira inzu. Niba ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya bumaze kuboneka, kuzirikana ibisubizo byabo: kugirango ibibazo bike na fondasiyo, bifite ikiguzi gito, ni cyo cyifuzo cyo guhitamo "umukara": aho amazi ari make ashoboka.
Mbere ya byose, ugomba guhitamo kurubuga murugo
Ibikurikira, aho hantu hatoranijwe bikorwa ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya yubutaka. Kubwibyo, shirts yumye mubujyakuzimu bwa metero 10 kugeza kuri 40: Biterwa nuburyo bwo gushiraho hamwe ninyubako iteganijwe yinyubako. Amariba akora byibuze bitanu: Muri izo ngingo aho inguni no hagati.
Impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyubushakashatsi nkubwo ni $ 1000. Niba iyubakwa riteganijwe cyane, amafaranga ntazagira ingaruka ku ngengo y'imari (impuzandengo y'inzu ni 80-100 amadorari ibihumbi 80), no kwikiza ibibazo byinshi. Muri uru rubanza rero, tegeka ubushakashatsi ku banyamwuga. Niba ushaka gushiraho inyubako nto - inzu nto, akazu, kwiyuhagira, gazebo cyangwa ikibuga cya manalom, noneho birashoboka rwose gukora ubushakashatsi wenyine.
Dushakisha geologiya n'amaboko yawe
Kugenzura imiterere ya geologiya, bitwaje amasuka. Mu manota uko ari atanu - ku mpande z'inyubako izaza kandi hagati - igomba gucukura ibyobo byimbitse. Ingano: Meter kuri metero, ubujyakuzimu - byibuze m 2.5. Urukuta rukora neza (byibuze kuri mwene wabo). Nacukuye umwobo wanjye, dufata roulette hamwe nurupapuro, gupima no kwandika ibice.
Kugirango ushakishe ubutaka munsi yubutaka wenyine, uzakenera gucukumbura nka SCURF kugeza ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 2.5.
Ni iki gishobora kugaragara mu bijyanye n'amategeko:
- Kuva hejuru hari igice cyijimye - uburumbuke. Ubunini bwayo kuva cm 10 kugeza kuri metero 1.5, rimwe na rimwe. Iyi shusho byanze bikunze ikurwaho. Ubwa mbere, birarekuye, icya kabiri, hariho inyamaswa / udukoko / bagiteri / fungi. Kubwibyo, ako kanya nyuma yikinyamakuru cya mbere, iyi lime yakuweho.
- Hepfo nubutaka busanzwe. Yagombaga rero "gutunganya" inyamaswa na mikorobe. Hashobora kubaho ubutaka nk'ubwo;
- Umucanga ukomeye (binini, hagati, hamwe na kaburimbo). Urufatiro rwiza rwo kubaka inzu: kandi amazi agenda vuba kandi shingiro yizewe. Kuri ibyo, ububi, urashobora gushyira inzu kuri fondasiyo ntoya (ubujyakuzimu bwashizweho kuva cm 50).
- Umusenyi munini (muto na ivumbi). Niba amazi yo munsi yitaka aherereye, birashoboka. Ariko ubu butaka ni akaga kuko bareremba mugihe cyuzuye amazi.
- Ibumba, inguzanyo, isupu. Twifata nk'umusenyi wizuba: iyo inkweto zireremba niba hari amazi make, ariko ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutwara ni bwinshi. Hano uracyakeneye kureba umubare wimvura yo kwivuza.
- Amashaga. Urufatiro rutabizewe. Birashobora gushingira gusa kubikoresha urufatiro rwinkingi. Hanyuma, niba bidatinze cyane urutaka nubushobozi bwiza bwo kwarika.
Birakenewe kumenya ubutaka buri muri buri gice
Akenshi ingorane zivuka mugihe ugerageza gutandukanya ubutaka. Rimwe na rimwe, birahagije kubireba: Niba umucanga utsinze kandi habaye ibumba - imbere yawe. Niba ibumba ryinshi, ariko hariho umucanga - ni umujinya. Nibyiza, ibumba ririmo ibirimo byose, ducukumbura cyane.
Hariho ubundi buryo buzagufasha kumenya neza uko wahisemo ubutaka. Kugirango ukore ibi, roller irazunguruka mubutaka buhebuje (hagati yintoki, nkiyinzyinunga yincustène) ikayipfukirana i Bagiel. Niba ibintu byose byarasenyutse - iyi ni ikiramba gito cya plastike, niba cyasenyutse mo ibice - Ikirangantego cya plastiki, niba byose bisigaye.
Guhitamo hamwe niyisi uri ahantu hatoranijwe, urashobora gutangira guhitamo ubwoko bwa Fondasiyo.
Ubujyakuzimu bw'ifatizo bitewe n'urwego rw'amazi
Ibishushanyo byose byasobanuwe muri snip 2.02.01-83 *. Mubisanzwe, ibintu byose birashobora kugabanuka kubisabwa bikurikira:
- Iyo uteganyaga ku rutare, ingano ya sandy nini kandi yo hagati, imva, nini-nini hamwe na sandy igiteranyo, ubujyakuzimu bwishingiro ryurwego rwurwego rwamazi ntirushingiye kurwego rwamazi.
- Niba munsi yo munsi yo hasi ni umusenyi muto cyangwa umusenyi, hanyuma ku rwego rwa Mast Waters ziherereye muri metero 2 munsi yubutaka, ubujyakuzimu bwibanze bushobora kuba. Niba amazi ari hejuru yiki kimenyetso, birakenewe gushiraho urufatiro rwurufatiro rwubukonje.
- Niba ibumba, ikirimba, ubutaka bunini bwimyanda cyangwa icyuho cyibumba kiri munsi yuruziga, noneho urufatiro rugomba rwose kuba munsi yurwego rwubukonje (ntabwo rushingiye kurwego rwamazi yubutaka).
Ameza hamwe nuburemere bwishingiro, bitewe nubwoko bwubutaka nurwego rwamazi (kugirango twiyongereyeho ingano, kanda iburyo))
Nkuko mubibona, ahanini urufatiro rwifatizo rwifatizo rugenwa imbere yubutaka bwubutaka nuburyo ubutaka bwo mukarere burimo gushyirwaho. Nuduce duto dutera ibibazo nurufatiro (cyangwa guhindura urwego rwamazi yubutaka).
Ubujyakuzimu bwo guhagarika ubutaka
Kugirango umenye neza kurwego rwatewe mukarere kawe, birahagije kureba ikarita hepfo.
Kuri iyi karita, urashobora kugena urwego rwubutaka bukonje mukarere (kongera ingano yishusho, kanda kuri Imbeba yingenzi)
Ariko ibi ni amakuru atandukanye, birashoboka rero kumenya agaciro kubintu runaka hamwe nikosa rinini cyane. Kubitekerezo byo kubaza, dutanga uburyo bwo kubara ubujyakuzimu bwa primer yubutaka muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose. Uzakenera kumenya ubushyuhe busanzwe amezi yimbeho (abafite ubushyuhe buri kwezi bufite indangagaciro mbi). Urashobora kubara wowe ubwawe, formula nurugero rwo kubara rwashyizwe hepfo.
Formula yo kubara ubujyakuzimu bwa Freezing
DFN - gutegura ubujyakuzimu muri kano karere,
Kora - Kwirikana UBWOKO BWA KINDE:
- Kubutaka bunini, ni 0.34;
- Kumuseni ufite ubushobozi bwiza bwa 0.3;
- Ku musenyi mwinshi 0.28;
- Kubumba no kumbata, ni 0.23;
MT - Umubare wubushyuhe buri kwezi yubukonje bwimbeho mukarere kawe. Shakisha serivisi zibarurishamibare ya metrologiya ukurikije akarere kawe. Hitamo ukwezi aho ubushyuhe buri kwezi buri munsi ya zeru, ndabihagarika, shakisha imizi ya kare (hari imikorere kuri calculatrice yose). Igisubizo gisimburwa na formula.
Kurugero Tugiye kubaka ibumba. Hagati yubukonje bwo mukarere: -2 ° C, -12 ° C, -15 ° C, -10c, -4 ° C.
Kubara primer yubutaka bizamera nkibi:
- Mt = 2 + 12 + 15 + 10 + 4 = 43, dusangamo imizi ya 43, ni 6.6;
- DFN = 0.23 * 6.6 = 1.52 m.
Yakiriye ko igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikigereranyo cya FreeZing ukurikije ibipimo byagenwe: 1.52 m. Ntabwo ari byose, kugirango uzirikane niba gushyushya bizakenerwa, kandi, niba aribyo, ni ubuhe bushyuhe buzakomezaho.
Niba inyubako idashimwa (kwiyuhagira, akazu, kubaka uzajya mu myaka myinshi), koresha ubwiyongere muri coefficient 1.1, bizashiraho umutekano. Muri uru rubanza, ubujyakuzimu bw'ifatizo rya 1.52 m * 1,1 = 1.7 m.
Niba inyubako ishyuha, ubutaka buzahabwa igice cyubushyuhe bwayo kandi buzakonja cyane. Kubwibyo, imbere yubushyuhe, bugabanya coefficient. Bashobora gukurwa kumeza.
Coefficient zizirikana kuboneka no gushyushya mu nyubako. Biragaragara kuruta ishyushye mu nzu, kugeza ubujyakuzimu buto ukeneye guhitana urufatiro (kongera ingano yishusho, kanda kuri OND Iburyo bwingenzi)
Rero, niba ubushyuhe buzahora bukomeza hejuru ya + 20 ° C, Igorofa hamwe nisuka bizahora bikomeza, ubujyakuzimu bwa found buzabaho 1.52. Ifite ibiciro bitarenze 1.52 m .
Mu mbonerahamwe n'amakarita ahabwa urwego rugereranijwe mumyaka 10 ishize. Muri rusange, birashoboka, mubara birakwiye gukoresha amakuru kubukonje bukonje cyane, bwari mumyaka 10 ishize. Inyuma idasanzwe kandi yishimisha ibangamira inshuro nkiyi. Kandi iyo kubara byifuzwa kubitekerezaho. N'ubundi kandi, uzatuza gato, niba dutsinzwe imyaka 9, ku ya 10 y'ifatizo wawe uzatanga igikoma kubera imbeho zikonje cyane.
Ubujyakuzimu bwo gucukura urufatiro
Bitwaje iyi mibare nibisubizo byubushakashatsi, ugomba guhitamo amahitamo menshi kurufatiro. Icyamamare cyane ni lente na colnar cyangwa ikirundo. Abahanga benshi bahurira ko hamwe nubushobozi busanzwe bwubutaka, wenyine ugomba kuba cm 15-20 munsi yuburiri bwimbitse. Uburyo bwo kubara, twabwiye haruguru.
Ubujyakuzimu bw'ifatizo ni urwego rukenewe kugirango rugere ku rufatiro
Muri uru rubanza, suzuma ibyifuzo bikurikira:
- Kwishingikiriza gusa bigomba kuba ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwitwaza.
- Urufatiro rugomba kwibizwa hamwe nibura cm 10-15.
- Yifuzwa ko amazi yubutaka aherereye hepfo. Bitabaye ibyo, birakenewe gufata ingamba zo kugenera amazi cyangwa kugabanya urwego rwabo, kandi ibi bisaba amafaranga manini cyane.
- Niba ubutaka butwaye ari bwimbitse, birakwiye ko tubisobanura verisiyo ya piri.
Muguhitamo ubwoko bwinshi bwa Fondeka mugusobanura ubujyakuzimu bwo kubashyiraho, kubara hafi kubara agaciro kamwe bikorwa. Hitamo imwe izaba ifite ubukungu.
Uracyabona ko kugabanya ubujyakuzimu bwishingiro, urashobora gukurikiza ifunguro rya mugitondo. Mugihe cyo kubaka urufatiro rwa rubbon rwibice bito bya Entereme ni itegeko.
Urufatiro rwiza
Rimwe na rimwe, urufatiro rwibintu byimbitse bihenze cyane. Noneho dusuzumye ikirundo (Igiti-Gukora ibiti) cyangwa urufatiro rwashizweho buto (inzoga nziza). Barimo kandi "kureremba". Ubwoko bwabo bubiri gusa ni isahani monolithic na lente.
Fondasiyo ya Slab ifatwa nkizewe kandi iteganijwe. Afite igishushanyo nkicyo gishobora kwangirika cyane hamwe no kuba nabi mugihe ushushanya. Ariko, birashobora kwangirika.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, abashinzwe kubaga abicanyi ntibakunda: bafatwa nkigihe bihenze. Bisaba ibintu byinshi (cyane cyane fittings) nigihe (kubijyanye no gushimangira). Ariko rimwe na rimwe Slab Foundation ihendutse kuruta Ribbon yimbitse cyangwa ikindi. Ntukibeho ako kanya kuri konti. Nibyiza niba ushaka kubaka inyubako iremereye kuri ubutaka bunini cyangwa bwinshi.
Urufatiro rw'umugereka muto
Kaseti yorose yatunzwe neza irashobora kugira ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 60. Ariko, igomba kuba ishingiye kubutaka ifite ubushobozi busanzwe. Niba ubujyakuzimu bwurumbuka burumbuka ari bwinshi, noneho ubujyakuzimu bwimikorere yiyongera.
Hamwe n'imbaraga za rubbon zo kunyereza umutungo muto ku nyubako zoroheje, ibintu byose biroroshye cyane: bakora neza. Ihuriro na cabinion cabine cyangwa akabari ni ubukungu kandi mugihe kimwe cyizewe. Niba imyenda ikora, ibiti bya elastike birafatanya nabo. Hafi yacyo kandi igitambo cyumva neza.
Witonze ukeneye kubara niba kuri umukandara wororoka neza zegeranijwe ninyuma yo kubaka urumuri (aeradrete, beerete beto, nibindi). Ntabwo bitwara inzira nziza yo guhindura geometrie. Hano dukeneye kugisha inama inzobere inararibonye kandi, byanze bikunze, kubishoboye hamwe nuburambe bunini.
Imiterere ya Slab Foundation
Ariko munsi yinzu iremereye, shitingi nto ya kaseti ntishobora kunyurwa. Kohereza imitwaro yose, igomba gukorwa cyane. Muri uru rubanza, birashoboka cyane, ibitambara bizahendutse.
Mbega ukuntu ibikorwa bito
Ubu bwoko bukoreshwa mugihe bihenze cyane kurwanira imbaraga kandi ntibyumvikana. Kubijyanye nurufatiro rwisoni ntoya kandi ntiruharanira. Bashobora kuvugwa, kwirengagiza. Batuma gusa urufatiro ninzu ruzamuka kandi rukagwa hamwe nubutaka bwo kubira ibyuya. Kubwibyo, nabo bitwa "kureremba".
Ibikenewe byose ni ugutanga umwanya uhamye hamwe no guhuza ibice byose byifatizo hamwe nibigize inzu. Kandi kubwibyo ukeneye kubara neza.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Nigute wakora ibigori byumwenda n'amaboko yabo kumukunzi?