Imwe mu rufatiro ruzwi ku mazu n'ingo - inkingi. Birashimishije kubona agaciro gake, ubworoherane bwo kwicwa no kuba byubaka n'amaboko ye, ntibiboneye cyane mubwubatsi. Nibyiza kurufatiro rwinkingi nanone nukubera ko ishobora gukorerwa inyubako nyinshi nibisabwa.
Igikoresho n'ubwoko
Fondasiyo ya ColUmnar igizwe numubare runaka wunganira wambura umutwaro kuva inyubako kugeza hasi. Inkingi irashobora kugira igice cyurukiramende cyangwa kizengurutse, gishobora gukorwa kuva:
- Monolithic yashimangiye beto;
- amatafari (ceramic yuzuye, yatwitse neza);
- beto (kuva ku kirango kiremereye ntabwo kiri munsi ya B15) kandi ashimangira ibintu bifatika;
- Akazu na booton.
Kwizewe cyane bikorwa monolithic Monolithic yashimangiye beto. Barashobora gukoreshwa kuri ubutaka bukunda kurengana nurwego rwo hejuru rwamazi yubutaka. Ibindi byose bigizwe nibintu bihujwe nigisubizo kifatika no mu mbaraga ni munsi ya monolith. Basabwa gukoresha kubutaka busanzwe.
Ubwoko bubiri bwa ColUmnar Fondasiyo Ibikoresho Bitandukanye, munsi yinyubako zuburemere butandukanye
Inkingi muri software iteganijwe zashyizwe mu mfuruka z'inyubako, ahantu h'inkike z'inkuta n'inyamanswa. Niba intera iri hagati yinkunga ikarenga m 3, shyiramo inyongera. Kwishyiriraho intambwe kugereranije 1.5-2.5. Inyubako ikaze izahagarara, intambwe nto, ariko akenshi ntabwo ihuza kenshi: Urufatiro ruzahenze cyane.
Ubwoko bw'ibiti
Kugirango umutwaro uva mu nyubako ugomba koherezwa mu nkingi kurindi, bahuza ibiti bya transsese - gushushanya cyangwa gusiga amavuta meza. Ibi bishingiye kuri kimwe mubibi byingenzi byingenzi byinkingi - ibishoboka byose bidafite ishingiro ryinkunga.
Urugero rwinkingi ya Fondasiyo
Mugihe cyo kubaka amazu cyangwa ibice byimbaho, akabari k'ibiti bikoreshwa nko gushushanya, rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa mu ibyuma - umuyoboro ufatika wambutse cyangwa imiringa. Ku bijyanye no guhuza ibiti no kwandura mu gihe cyo kubaka inkingi, sitidiyo zashyizweho, ibintu bidasanzwe byo gufunga cyangwa kongera kwikuramo armature. Imiterere yinguzanyo yatoranijwe ishingiye kubwoko buteganijwe bwibiti.
Ifumbire yicyuma
Mu mazu y'ibiti akenshi yanditseho ibiti
Kuko amazu aremereye akora igiti cya beto. Birashobora kuba umuntu gushikama - kurangira ibiti byamenyekanye, kandi birashobora kuba monolichic. Nubwo igikome gishyizwe mu bikorwa byoroshye (kugura, gushira, karuvati), ariko monolic nihendutse, ndetse no kwizerwa. Kubwibyo, umutuku wa monolithic ukoreshwa kenshi. Ku ngo amazu ava ku matafari n'ibindi bikoresho biremereye, birakwiriye.
Urugero rwinkingi shingiro hamwe na monolithic ikadiri
Mu gukora urufatiro rw'inkingi hamwe na monolitra ya monolithic, gushimangira inkingi bituma hafungurwa byibuze cm 70. Ibi bibazo noneho bihindura hamwe nurwego rwikadiri yirangi.
Kwaguka n'ifatizo zabo
Niba munzu hari yoroheje inzu - ibaraza, Veranda, inzira - Urufatiro rugizwe kandi rudahuye. Ibi bivuze ko murugo bahinduranya, kuko ibaraza - ryayo. Kandi ntibagomba kugira ingingo zivanze hagati yabo. Kubera ko ibiti (ibiti binyura hejuru yinkunga) biherereye hafi, hagati yabo urwego rwa Damar. Kurugero, rubbubroid mubice bibiri, ikarito kuva ubwonko bwa minerval nibindi bikoresho bisa.
URUGERO RW'UMURYANGO W'ISHYAKA IHURIRO NODE
Ibi birakenewe nkuko uburemere muri ibi bintu buratandukanye cyane, ubunini bwumutwaro ku rufatiro butandukanye. Niba umaze guhuza, itandukaniro rinini rizatera kugoreka, kandi birashoboka ko gusenya inyubako.
Uburyo bwo gufunga icyuho hagati yinkingi
Mugihe ushyiraho urufatiro rwinkingi, inyubako iboneka hejuru yubutaka ninshinga zigenda munsi yumushinga. Nibyiza gukomeza ibiti bisanzwe ubushyuhe, ariko bubi bwo gushyushya: hasi birakonje cyane. Indi ngingo: Munsi yinzu ukunda gukemura ibinyabuzima byose. Kandi murugo ntabwo ari byiza ... kubwizi mpamvu, umwanya uri hagati yinkingi ziragerageza gufunga. Urashobora kubikora muburyo bubiri:
- Igikoresho inyuma yo gukuramo - ibuye cyangwa amatafari hagati yinkingi;
- Ibice by'ibikoresho by'urupapuro cyangwa ibikoresho byo kurangiza.
Biroroshye, birumvikana, ongeraho ibikoresho. Hanyuma igabanya hamwe no kubara kugirango ataruhukira mubutaka. Igisigaye gisigaye ni ingirakamaro kuri guhumeka no kwishyura indimu.
Ibyangiritse bituma niba uteganya gukora urusaku rwinzu. Mugihe kimwe, yashizweho kugirango idashyigikiye Ruralshard cyangwa ikomatanya hasi - ikora urwego rumwe hamwe ninkomoko yinkingi (igomba kuba yagutse kuruta urukuta byibuze cm 10).
Ingingo ku ngingo: hasi hasi yo kwicara: inama zo guhitamo no gushyira
Urugero rwiterambere rya ariko rukubita
Munsi yo gukuramo, ni byiza gutegura ishingiro: gucukura umwobo byibura cm 20-30 mubyiciro byihutirwa cm 20-30, suka no mu ntoki kandi zikaba trambad . Noneho ibi byegeranye ni urukuta rwiza.
Kunonosorwa
Kubutaka busanzwe, inyubako ntoya ifite aho zirenga metero kare 30 - ubwoko bwa shed, gazebos hamwe nizindi nyubako zisa - zirashobora gukorwa kuri shingiro ryoroheje. Byitwa gutunga. Ubusanzwe ni kimwe cyangwa byinshi bifatika byashyizwe kumusego wumucambara.
Kunonosorwa
Gutegura inkingi ni kimwe: ku mpande, ahantu hakubits y'urukuta no hagati, nibiba ngombwa. Hamwe nubu bwoko, ni ngombwa gukemura umusego, bityo twongera ubushobozi bwubutaka. N'indi ngingo imwe: ku buryo busumba cyangwa ubutaka bwuzuye amazi ntabwo akoresha ubwoko nk'ubwo. Ndetse no kwiyuhagira cyangwa gucika intege. Bizaba byizerwa rwose.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yikirundo ninkingi
Niba urebye urufatiro rwinkingi hamwe ninkingi zizengurutse kandi ikirundo, nta tandukaniro riribona. Ariko ni. Izi ni ubutaka bashyizwe hamwe nubujyakuzimu bacomeka. Urufatiro rwa pile rwashyizwe mubutaka bufite ubushobozi buke cyane hamwe nakazi kabo - kunyura mubutaka budahungabana no kwimura umutwaro uva munzu bifite ibice byinshi. Inkingi zashyizwe mubutaka hamwe nubushobozi busanzwe bwo kwifata kandi ubujyakuzimu bwabo bugenwa nubwoko bwubutaka, aho ikirere cyurwego rwamazi yubutaka. Birasa nimikorere yubaka, ariko imirimo ifite ibitandukanye, hamwe na gace itandukanye.Ubutaka buteka iki nuburyo bugira ingaruka kumahitamo
Biragoye cyane kubaka ni ubutaka bwibumba. Bakuraho make amazi, kandi ikusanya mu mwobo muto. Iyo uhinda umushyitsi, byoroshye cyane ubunini bwubutaka. Kongera ubwinshi bwubutaka buri kuri buri kintu giherereye, harimo urufatiro. Iki kintu cyitwa igiti (ubutaka buraramuka), nubutaka, kandi ibyo bagaragajwe neza - byagabwe.
Ingabo zikoreshwa zikoreshwa haba hasi, zigerageza gusunika inkingi, no mumpande, ngerageza kwimura inkunga kuruhande. Niyo mpamvu ko mu ibumba - bufatanye - Ubutaka bwiza bwo gukora inkingi monolith hamwe no gushimangira.
Uburyo bwo Gukora Imbaraga Zifatizo Urufatiro
Kandi ko inkingi zidasunitse, igice cyo hepfo cyaguwe. Aka gace katwa agatsinsino kandi mubunini, mubisanzwe ni ubunini bwimibare yinkingi ubwayo, kandi uburebure bwayo ni 1/3 cyigice cya patch. Kurugero, munsi yinkingi ya CM 40, bakora agatsinsino 80 * cm 80, cm 13 hejuru cyangwa irenga.
Ihemu hagati ya bisi / amatafari / amabuye mumatsinda yitsinda ntabwo ashoboye kurwanya imitwaro mibi, kuko yagabanije ingaruka zimbaraga zifatizo kumushinga wambere, bakozwe ninkuta zihenze. Yongera kwizerwa mubutaka bubi. Kubutaka busanzwe, inkingi ziraziziguye hamwe ninkike.
Inkingi ya Fondasiyo ikora ifite inkuta zabahanga
Agace
Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, Fondasiyo yinkingi nayo yitwa inkingi cyangwa ku nkingi) mubisanzwe yitwara kubutaka hamwe nubushobozi busanzwe bwo kwifata. Ku musenyi mwinshi, peatlabies hamwe nizindi shingiro ridahungabana, ntibakurikizwa. Ibiranga nyamukuru - ntibishoboka gutegura munsi yubutaka no kunyura hagati yubutaka hamwe numushinga. Bagomba kandi kwitondera mugihe bahisemo.
Birakwiriye Imanza Zikurikira:
- Munsi yamazu ava mubikoresho byoroheje - ibiti, ikadiri, ingabo;
- Mu rukuta ruremereye niba ari ngombwa gushyingura urufatiro rwimbitse kurenza metero 1.8-2 kandi ribbon ihenze cyane;
- Kubutaka butunganijwe cyane - Hariho imbaraga nto ku nkingi kuruta kuri kaseti.
Imwe mu nkingi y'inkingi ni yo hepfo
Mugihe kimwe, hari ibintu byinshi (usibye ubutaka butabafite intege nke) mugihe urufatiro ruri ku nkingi ntirusabwa:
- Hamwe nitandukaniro rinini ryubushyuhe bwo kubaka - Kurenga M 2;
- Hamwe na geologiya igoye hamwe no kwimura ibishoboka.
Mu bindi bihe, birashobora gukoreshwa.
Ubujyakuzimu
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo ibipimo bya Fondasiyo ni ukureba ubunyangamugayo bwayo. Kubwibyo, iyo gutegura, gufata imbaraga nka 20-40% bishyirwaho buri gihe. Isaba (ku rugero runaka) impinduka zitunguranye mu bihe (urwego rw'amazi ku butaka, ubushyuhe bukabije) cyangwa imizigo. Ibi bigaragarira cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutegura urufatiro: kandi ubujyakuzimu bwashimbya bufata imbaraga kandi bitwaye mubusanzwe bidatinze. Birasobanutse: Ongeraho ikintu kuri Fondasiyo Yiteguye cyangwa ihenze cyane cyangwa idashoboka.
Imbaraga zikomeye zimbaraga zishyizwe kubutaka: Ntibishoboka kubara ibyo bagaragaza, kuko bagerageza kwizerwa bishoboka. Kubwiyi ntego, amazu yigenga, urufatiro rushyingurwa munsi yimbitse ya primer ya primer yubutaka. Uziga amakuru ugereranije y'akarere kawe, hanyuma wongere cm 15-25 kuri iyi shusho. Urabona rero ubujyakuzimu bwishingiro. Kurugero, muri kariya karere, ubutaka bukonjesha m 1.5, bisobanura ubujyakuzimu bwishingiro rya 1.65-1.75 m.
Ingero nyinshi zinkingi za monolithic
Nkuko ubyumva, niba ukora inkingi - kuva kumatafari, boot, guhagarika - ugomba gucukura umwobo mwiza. Hasi igomba kuba munsi yubujyakuzimu bwa cm 20, kugirango ujugunye. Nanone, urwobo rugomba kuba mugacumu - Bizakenera kubikorera, kuzinga inkunga. Iyi ni indi mpamvu ituma bakora inkingi za monolithic: kama zishyirwa munsi yabyo, kamena cyangwa umucanga usutswe hepfo nuburyo bwinshi bwinjijwe (akenshi umuyoboro wimvururu. Imbere ibintu bishimangira byashyizweho nikadiri yo gushimangira cyangwa umuyoboro wicyuma.
Iri tegeko rikora ku nyubako ziremereye. Ariko munsi yabo, urufatiro nti gake. Bashyizwe ahanini mu nyubako zoroheje: ibiti cyangwa amazu yo mu giti cyangwa mu rugo. Niba munsi yo munsi yateganijwe mu nyubako nk'iyi, birakwiye ko hashyirwaho urufatiro rwo kugabanuka (ubujyakuzimu bwo kwinjiza 0.5 kugeza 0.7 ku rwego rwo guhanura) cyangwa kuva kuri 0.5 kuri metero y'amazi).
Urugero rwigikoresho cyinkingi zumuryango utagira umupaka hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwa 1.2 M (1/3 cya cm 120 - ni cm 40)
Hamwe nimbaraga zimbaraga zimirasire, bazakora ku nkingi, ariko kubera ko akarere kabo kari munsi yiya kaseti, noneho ingaruka zizaba zikomeye. Izi ngaruka zihangana neza nigishushanyo cyimiterere cyangwa inzu yimbaho. Byongeye kandi, ingamba zinyongera zifatwa kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zimbaraga zikorwa:
- Mu mwobo, umusego wa kaburimbo ukozwe munsi yimposita, bifata igice cyumutwaro;
- Kora uruhande rwibintu neza kandi wongeyeho bahimbwe hamwe na sollal, bistinic mastike, epoxy resin, nibindi.
- Kora inkubi y'umuyaga.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibibazo byinshi, ba nyirubwite ntibabona kandi ko umusingi "yarumiwe". Bamwe mu bashyigikiye barazamuka gato, buturuka no guhuza barishyuwe. Nyuma yo guheza ubutaka, ibintu byose byasubiye aho hantu.
Mu butaka bw'amazi asohotse neza, urufatiro rukozwe mu ipfunwe rito cyangwa amahirwe. Nibyingenzi hano guhitamo ahantu habereye inkingi kugirango ushyire umutwaro.
Inkingi zingana
Hano hari ingano ntoya yinkingi. Biterwa n'ibikoresho:- Monolithic yashimangiye beto 30 cm.
- Inkingi zo mu matafari yatwitse - cm 38;
- Akazu, guhagarika beto na booton - cm 40;
- Amabuye ya Masonry - cm 60.
Ariko icyarimwe ingano yinkingi igomba kuba ubugari 10 bwurukuta. Kugirango ibikorwa bisanzwe byifatizo bikenewe ko urukuta ruva hagati yinkunga no kumpande byatwaye byibuze cm 5.
Ibyiciro byo kubaka
Nkibisanzwe, byose bitangirana no gukora isuku kurubuga na Markip. Kuva kuri platifomu yose bakuramo turf, bakureho urwego rurumbuka. Ntabwo ifatwa nkintwara kandi koherezwa hanze. Mugihe kimwe gihuza - ibibyimba byaciwe, bikabora no kubyimba gusinzira. Kurwanya itambitse hamwe nimbaho ebyiri-eshatu hamwe nurwego rwubwubatsi rwashyizwe kuri.
Ikimenyetso
Kuri perimetero yinyubako, gushiraho - inkingi cyangwa inkingi zifite imirongo yimisumari - intebe. Bakozwe kure ya metero uhereye kuri perimeter y'ejo hazaza murugo. Hifashishijwe imigozi irambuye hagati yabo, yerekana perimetero n'ubugari bw'inkingi z'inkingi z'ejo hazaza.
Nigute ushobora gukora ikimenyetso cyifatizo
Iyo ushize, hakurikiraho ko impande zirengewe ku 90 °, zindira diagonal of Rectangles. Bagomba kunganya. Ahantu ho guhuriza hamwe imigozi irambuye yamanuwe perpendicular (hamwe no kumanura), gushyira ibipimo byinkingi hasi.
Urashobora rero kubikora byose kimwe, kimwe no gukurikiza uburebure bwimikorere ya monolithic cyangwa mugihe ushishikarije prefabrices.
Gucukura umwobo
Mu mfatiro zambere zibyobo ni ugucukura intoki cyangwa hamwe nubufasha bwacumbitsemo. Niba ubujyakuzimu busabwa kuri m 1 kandi ubutaka ntabwo ari bwinshi, urashobora kubacuza inkuta zigororotse. Niba ubujyakuzimu bukomeye cyangwa hari ibimenyetso byo gukanda, ahantu hahanamye.Urufatiro rwasohotse ku burebure, bacukura indi cm 20-30 hepfo. Hasi yahujwe, ingano zayo zigomba kuba cm 10-20 zirenze ibipimo byateganijwe byinkongoro cyangwa inkingi.
Byoroshye hamwe ninkingi zizengurutse. Munsi yiyi link ni imfashanyigisho cyangwa yikora. Niba iteganijwe kwaguka hepfo - agatsinsino, urashobora cyangwa gukora neza - mubunini bwa agatsinsino, cyangwa gukoresha inguzanyo hamwe na clade yicyuma. Byitwa tees brow. Ibyuma by'inyongera bifungura nyuma yo kugera ku bujyakuzimu.
Umusenyi
Hasi yimyambarire ya rubimo ni cm 10-15 hamwe na tram nziza. Ku mabuye yajanjaguwe amabuye aja gusuka umucanga. Asunitse aramuka. Ikibanza rusange cyumusego wumucambara-kaburindi kagomba kuba kugirango usohoke mubujyakuzimu bwishingiro.
Urugero rwumusenyi-kaburindi munsi yinkingi ya monolithic
Kubireba inkingi zizengurutse, umusego nawo urakorwa, gutondara bikorwa niba bishoboka. Fata inkingi ndende, zifunze submet.
Igikoresho cyatsi
Niba inkingi zikora prefricted - kuva kurimbuka, amatafari, boot, biroroshye gukora agatsinsino kuva kuri bractte ya barangije. Shira kumusenyi, winjire murwego, umusego. Ifite igice cyambukiranya trapezoid, kitoroshye.
Ubwoko bubiri bwa heel - monolithic kuva kuri brect
Kuri monolithic, byumvikana gukora kimwe cya kabiri cya monolith. Bashyize uburyo bwo gukoresha ubunini bwagenwe (inshuro ebyiri mu gice cyambukiranya kandi byibuze 1/3 cyigice cyiburengerazuba). Shyira gushimangira mubice bibiri. Koresha inkoni 12-14 mm ifite diameter. Nanone, fittings yashizwe mu gatsinsino, izajya ku nkingi. Nkigisubizo, imiterere imwe ihuriweho nazo ziboneka.
Urugero rwo gushimangira agatsinsino nimiti
Kubaka inkingi
Niba turimo tuvuga kubyerekeye inkingi ya monolithic, noneho imiterere ishyirwaho imbere murwego. Imiterere yinkingi za kare yakubise imbaho, imiyoboro ya plastike ya diameter ikwiye irashobora gukoreshwa mukipe. Hano hari ibikorwa byubukungu - rops yazungurutse rubberoid yuburebure bwifuzwa. Ihindagurika mumiyoboro ya diameter isabwa, ihindukirira ibipimo. Gukora ibice bibiri cyangwa bitatu byifunga hamwe na scotch. Bizimya imiterere yizewe, ndetse no muburyo bwo gusohoka hejuru yubusanzwe ikora igisubizo.
Kugirango ushimangire, inkoni eshatu cyangwa enye zitsinda ryicyiciro cya Aii diameter ya mm 12-14 mubisanzwe ikoreshwa (kuri kare isabwa 4, birashobora kuba 3). Bifitanye isano nigishushanyo kimwe cyashyizwe nyuma ya cm 20-25 ukoresheje imyambarire. Bashobora gukorwa muburyo bworoshye bwitsinda a, hamwe na diameter ya mm 6-8. Ikadiri nibyiza kuboha, kandi ntabwo arisubukira - imbaraga nyinshi.
Gushimangira
Menya ko uhereye ku nkombe y'imikorere ku nkoni yo gushimangira bigomba kuba intera byibuze mm 50. Birakenewe ko icyuma kidatemba. Ku ifoto hepfo, urugero rwo gushimangira ibintu bidakwiye: gushimangira ni hafi yo gukora. Yihuta kandi inkingi irashobora kumeneka.
Kuva ku rukebe kugeza ku mpande z'imiterere bigomba kuba intera byibura mm 50
Niba hari inkingi ziva mumatafari, noneho igomba kuba ifata ibirango bitarenze 100, byuzuye, byatwitse neza. Niba kurubuga urwego rwo hejuru rwamazi, inkingi z'amatafari ntizizagenda: bazahita arimbura vuba. Igisubizo cy'inkingi za Masonry gikozwe mu matafari bikozwe kuri sima ya Portland ntabwo iri munsi ya m 300, ariko iruta 400 cyangwa 500. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gukemura:
- 1 igice cya sima, umucanga wa 3;
- 1 cement, ikizamini cya hekestone 2, umucanga 10;
- 1 Igice cya sima, igice 1 cya Tesla, ibice 10 byumucanga.
Masonry ayoboye no kwambara, kugenzura neza uhagaritse. Ndetse no gutandukana bito birashobora noneho kuganisha ku kurimbuka kw'urufatiro, kandi nanone hashobora no kubaka inyubako.
Iyo hashyizweho umusingi wa Boob Foundation, amabuye yatoranijwe neza mumaso yoroshye. Iyo umutwaro umbitse, umutwaro uhagaritse ugomba koherezwa mu ndege yose y'Ibuye, ntabwo ari kuri bimwe mu bice byayo. Gushyira amabuye kandi no kwambara, gushyira ibice binini mu mfuruka, ntoya yuzuza icyuho.
Ubunini bwamabuye ntibukwiye kurenza cm 30. Bashyizwe kubisubizo, bishiraho cyane. Ibyuho byuzuye amatongo, trabye ni byiza. Kongera imbaraga, inkingi nkizo zirashobora gushimangirwa haba mu buryo buhagaritse kandi butambitse. Hanze horizontal ituma buri cm 25-40, inkoni byibuze mm 6 muri diameter yinjijwe mu buryo buhagaritse, mesh yo kurwanya insinga, imiyoboro iva mumiyoboro imwe irashobora gukoreshwa.
Icy'ingenzi: Inkingi igomba kuba yose yirukanwe kurwego rumwe. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, mugihe cyo kubaka cyangwa kuzuza, guhora wagabanije indege ihagaritse: gabanya hejuru igihe kirekire kandi bigoye.
Igikoresho
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, iyo gusuka monolitns monolitns in coup yinjizamo inguzanyo:- Sitidiyo yo kwinuba hamwe na kabariye ibiti cyangwa ibyuma byicyuma;
- Inyandiko yo gushimangira byibuze CM 70 yo gutumanaho hamwe nikadiri ya monolithic.
Igikoresho cyo guhatana gisuzumwa mugihe cyo gusobanura kubaka amazu avuye mu kabari. Ku gikoresho cya monolithic, urashobora gusoma mu ngingo yerekeye impfizi z'ibiyaga. Ibice byose, kugeza kubara ubushobozi bwo kwitwaza.
Amazi
Kugirango wirinde ubuhehere buturuka mubutaka hagati yumuryango wifatizo / gushushanya cyangwa uruningi rwambere rwibiyoko, igice cyintara kirakenewe. Urashobora gukoresha ipfundo (ikunze kugaragara - igikundiro cya bistinous) cyangwa uruziga cyangwa guhuza.
Amazi yashyizwe ku nkingi
Gutandukanya inkingi ntibyumvikana. Ku nkingi zifatika, kuba ahantu heza ntibikunze, kimwe na butt. N'amatafari neza yashyizwe mubutaka bwumye. Dore ubuso bwabo, birashoboka ko ari ngombwa kwinjiza bimwe mubyingenzi byo kwinjira byimbitse, inshuro nyinshi kugabanuka hygroscopique. Ikibazo nuko bahenze gusa.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Hindura valve y'amazi ya pomp: Ubwoko, Ihame ryakazi, kwishyiriraho