Kuzigama ingufu birakenewe, kandi kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byakoreshejwe mu kirere byacu birashyushya. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibikoresho bishya birimo gutegurwa bikwemerera kubaka amazu ashyushye no kwisuhuza bihari. Beto yoroheje irakomera. Iri ni itsinda ryibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bunini cyane bwimitungo nibiranga.
Ubwoko bw'intungane
Kugabanya ubwinshi bwa beto bibaho kubera gushiraho insukome no gukoresha aho kuba amabuye gakondo, kandi rimwe na rimwe umucanga, urumuri rwinshi. Rimwe na rimwe ubugari bwakozwe mugihe ukoresheje inzira zitandukanye. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubona ibintu bifatika, bigabanyijemo amatsinda atatu:
- Mesh cyangwa quary. Babonetse nuruvange rwa binder, amazi, umucanga (mumirije umucanga nta mucanga) ndetse nabatobotsa bagize ifuro cyangwa uruhare muri gazi. Iyo ukoresheje ifuro, beto ifuro ryabonetse, mugihe ukoresheje inyongeramuzi za gaze - beerete. Niba gaze-beto ari igice kinini cya binder - lime, gabo gaboneka. Itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati yibikoresho bya sebule ni ukubura igiteranyo kinini.
Amayeri ya selike arangwa na pore nto hamwe nuburyo bumwe.
- Ibintu bisanzwe byoroheje. Sohoka mu ruvange rwa Binder, runini kandi rwiza, amazi. Kuva kuri beto isanzwe, kuboneka kumucyo bikaze aho kuba imyanda. Hafi ya bose basiba hagati yibice bya mugitondo byuzuye, umwobo wo mu kirere mubikoresho nkibi bitarenze 6%.
Muburyo busanzwe bworoshye aho kuba imyanda ikoresha urumuri
- Ibintu byinshi byoroheje. Aho kuba umucanga na kato, koresha urusaku runini, zivanze n'amazi yavanze. Nta mucanga, kuko ibi bikoresho byitwa Hypertension beto. Ibice byigiteranyo byifashishwa bifatanye hamwe hagati yabo aho bihura, basiga ubusa ubusa. Ubusa bushobora kugera kuri 25%.
Muri beto-nziza-imfatwa, nta mucanga n'ibice bya igiteranyo bihujwe gusa ahantu ho guhuza
Ariko muri buri tsinda hashobora kubaho ubwoko bwinshi nibihimbano. Ibinyuranye na binyuranyije na bicers bikoreshwa. Ubusanzwe, imyigaragambyo ikoreshwa nka bunder (ibikoresho bya sima ya porland bifite imiterere myiza). Iya kabiri izwi cyane ni lime, gake zikunze gukoresha gypsum. Rimwe na rimwe uruvange rwo guhuza kandi rukoreshe ikirahure kirashobora gukoreshwa.
Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye
Hano hari tekinoroji eshatu zo gukora beto ya selile:
- Hafi. Ibihimbano byasutswe muburyo butagaragara mugihe runaka muburyo bwo gukora. Nyuma yigihe runaka (biterwa nibigize hamwe nubwoko), imiterere ikurwaho. Nk'uko ikoranabuhanga ribikoresho, ibikoresho biboneka bihendutse, ariko ibiranga biri mu gice cyo hepfo yumubare wemewe, kandi rimwe na rimwe hepfo.
- Kuvura ubushyuhe-buke bushongeshejwe mukangurirwa yo mu kirere. Ibipimo byujuje ubuziranenge biri hejuru, ariko nanone birenze ikiguzi nigiciro.
- Autoclave ikomera. Ibikoresho biraranga ibintu byiza, ariko nanone bihenze kubera ibikoresho bihenze nibiciro byingufu (kugirango ukomeze ubushyuhe nigitutu mu Rugereko).
Uruganda rwo gukora autoclave aerach beto
Fillers
Kubwuzuzanya, filers for beto yoroshye irashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda abiri: karemano (karemano) na artificiel. Bidasanzwe byakozwe no gusya ibikoresho byabitangaje: Shellucas, Pembassal, Lava, Turf, Hejuru, nibindi. Ibyiza muribi - Pemza na Vlandanic Turf. Bafite imiterere ya pores yafunze, bigabanya umubare wubushuhe byakiriwe.
Filers irashobora gutandukana gusa "inkomoko" gusa ahubwo no mubunini, kandi akenshi muburyo
Ibikorwa bya arnificial kubera gutahura neza ni ugusenya inzira zimwe nkoranyambaga (slag) cyangwa byatewe bidasanzwe nibikoresho bisanzwe (ibumba, vermiculite, nibindi) hamwe na polystyrene).
Imitungo, ibiranga, gusaba
Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga beto yibihaha, kigomba kwishyurwa mugihe uhisemo, ni ubucucike (misa nini), imbaraga, imikorere yubushyuhe nuburinganire nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe.
Ubucucike bwibikoresho biterwa ahanini nibiranga filler, kimwe no gukoresha imikoreshereze n'amazi. Irashobora gutandukana cyane - kuva 500 kugeza 1800, ariko akenshi ni muri 800-1500 kg / m3. Ibidasanzwe - Inyemezabuguzi cyangwa uturemangingo (ifuro na gaze-beto). Ubucucike bwabo burashobora kuva kuri 200 kg / m3.
Ibikorwa nyamukuru biranga - imbaraga zo kwikuramo. Igabanyijemo amasomo, agaragazwa mu kwerekana ibaruwa y'Ikilatini "B", nyuma umubare ufite agaciro. Iyi mibare Yerekana igitutu ibi bikoresho bishobora kwihanganira. Kurugero, Imbaraga Icyiciro B30 bivuze ko mubihe byinshi (ukurikije uko 95%) bihanganira igitutu cya 30 MPA. Ariko iyo kubara umutekano utanga hafi 25%. No mugihe cyo kubara ku cyiciro B30 Imbaraga Imbaraga 22.5-22.7 MPA.
Mugihe kimwe, ibi biranga nabyo bikoreshwa nkibipimo ntarengwa. Byerekanwe ninyuguti yikilatini "m", nimibare iri inyuma yayo ifatwa ingana na misa yijwi rya beto muri kg / m3.
Huza hagati yirango n'amasomo ya beto
Ubushyuhe bufite ubushyuhe bufite umubano utunganya kubijyanye n'ubucucike: Ikinini kinini kirimo ibikoresho, ubushyuhe buke afite. Iyi parameter iratandukanye muburyo bukomeye kuva 0.07 kuri 0.7 w / (mx ° c). Ibikoresho byoroshye hamwe nubucucike buke bukoreshwa mubururu. Bajugunywe n'inkuta z'inyubako n'ibitero. Kwiyongera kwa balkoni ya beam na logigiya birazwi cyane. Ariko ingaruka nini zubukungu zirashobora kuboneka mugihe cyo kubaka ubucucike bworoheje. Ifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kubaka inzu ibiri cyangwa itatu. Mugihe kimwe, inyongera yinyongera ntabwo isabwa.
Imbonerahamwe yubushyuhe bwibikoresho bifatika nibikoresho gakondo byubaka
Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kiranga - Kurwanya ubukonje . Byerekanwe ninyuguti yikilatini F, nyuma yimibare ifite agaciro, Yerekana umubare winyoshi / gukonjesha, ibikoresho bishobora kubaho nta gutakaza imbaraga. Mugihe gifatika hamwe na beto yoroheje, kurwanya ubukonje bushingiye ku bufatanye butemewe mu rwego rwo guhuza mu buryo buhimbano: niko bimeze, hazabaho ubukonje bukabije.
Intego
Kubwintego, beto yoroheje bigabanyijemo amatsinda akurikira:
- Ubushyuhe. Bafite imishinga yubushyuhe itarenze 0.25 W / (MX ° C), ubucucike butarenze 500 kg / m3.
- Imiterere-yo kwirinda ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe burenze 0,6 W / (MX ° C), ubucucike bwa 500-1400 KG / M3, urwego rwo kubika ntabwo ruri munsi ya M35. Mu kubaka-gukura-kwikorera ku giti cyabo byakoreshwaga mu kubaka inkuta zo kubyara, mu bubiko-bwinshi - ku rukuta rukururwa.
- Imiterere. ihuriro rya 1500 kg / m3 na haruguru, kubika grade nibura m 50 n'ibiti kurwanya si hasi F 15. Used kubaka bikoze inkike kuko inyubako hejuru 3 z'ikubitiro.
Ibisabwa kugirango bishimishe intego zitandukanye
Ibyiza n'ibibi
Niba tuvuga kubyerekeye gukoresha ibintu byoroshye nkibishyushya, noneho ibidukikije ni bike. Ibyingenzi - Hygroscopique, ariko, birahindura imipaka kandi biterwa cyane nuko yuzuzanya nubwoko bwibikoresho. Iya kabiri ntabwo arigihe cyiza cyane - gukenera guhitamo kurangiza. Niba turimo kuvuga imitako yo hanze (kuva kumuhanda), hanyuma duhitamo ibikoresho cyangwa ubwoko bwinyuma bigomba kwitabwaho byimazeyo. Ni muri urwo rwego, ikoreshwa cyangwa izitizi zidasanzwe zitera imbere cyangwa gukora trim hamwe nicyuho gihumeka.
Ariko ibyiza byibyo bifatika nkibisobanuro bifite akamaro. Biragenda byoroshye, bipima bike, biroroshye guca no kunywa, byihanganira impinduka zibihe, ntibisaba gukoresha umuyaga. Kuri ibyo byose, ongeraho imitungo yo hejuru kubitekerezo byumuriro nigiciro gito.
Imwe muri Beto yoroheje - Polystodbeton
Niba tuvuze imikoreshereze ya beto yoroshye, nkibikoresho byo kubaka amazu, ibyiza byabo muri ibi bikurikira:
- Ibiranga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Uyu mutungo ukuraho inyongera yinkike zikagabanya ubunini bwinkuta.
- Misa nto. Urukuta rukozwe mu buryo bworoshye rupima ibikoresho byinshi gakondo "biremereye" ndetse n'uburemere bigereranywa n'inzu y'ibiti. Misa ntoya iyobora "ubutabazi" bwa Fondasiyo kandi amahirwe yo gukoresha imiterere yoroshye. Kandi ibi bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kubaka, hamwe nibiciro byo gutwara abantu (babona cyane ko itangwa ryibikoresho byo kubaka kuri Trannage).
- Misa nkeya igufasha kubyara inyubako nini n'amasahani nyamara; Ibi biganisha ku kugabanya igihe cyo kubaka, kimwe no kugabanuka kumubare wa chaams, muriki gihe ibirarane byubukonje.
Ibice ni binini, ariko umuntu umwe arashobora kubitwara
- Ibikoresho bya plastike no koroshya gutunganya. Benemera byinshi byoroheje bizacibwa byoroshye, ni integgle, isenyutse. Ibi bibafasha kubikora kugirango bakore ibintu bitandukanye byubwubatsi kandi bwo gushushanya, kimwe nuburenganzira bwo kwakira ibice byubunini bukenewe, babona ibisigazwa biboneka mubice bito.
- Guhindura neza impinduka kumikorere. Ibitonyanga byubushuhe nubushyuhe ntibigira ingaruka kubikoresho. Nanone, bafata imitwaro ahoraho, ntabwo yunvikana cyane cyane ingaruka zakanishi. Ibirori bigaragara mubikoresho, ariko ubusugire bwa blok buragoye.
- Imyanda yumusaruro akenshi ikoreshwa nkibiterankunga. Ibi bigabanya agaciro k'ibikoresho, icyarimwe kugabanya umutwaro kubidukikije.
- Ubwoko bumwe bwibihaha burashobora gukorwa bwigenga (mubisanzwe hamwe na flags cyangwa ibumba), kugabanya ikiguzi cyubwubatsi nindangagaciro nto.
Nkuko tubibona, ibyiza byimbyobyo nkinyubako. Ariko ntabwo byose ari ibicu. Hano haribibi bikwiriye kumenya gufata igisubizo kiremereye:
- Kugirango wongere imbaraga zurukuta, gushimangira kenshi birakenewe. Ibi ni ibiciro byinyongera byibikoresho nigihe cyo gushyiraho imbaraga.
- Kurwanya bidahagije gucika. Imiterere yububiko bwibintu biganisha ku kuba imbere yimisozi itagabanijwe (aganganya bidafite ishingiro bya Fondasiyo, kurugero) bikaba bigaragara muri bice. Niba barimo-shusho - ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga zimiterere, nubwo basa neza.
- Kwishyiriraho neza. Ibiranga ubushyuhe biranga ibikoresho bitose byagabanijwe rimwe na rimwe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukora amazi meza. Niba hateganijwe gukoresha mubihe byubushuhe, nkibisobanuro, birasabwa gukoresha pimme, aglopeoritis n'ibumba.
- Ubucucike buke bwibikoresho biganisha ku kuba abafunga bafunzwe nabi mu rukuta. Ibikoresho byo kwivuza bikomeza neza, ariko kuri "Gutegekwa" - bibi. Kubwibyo urumuri na selile, yihuta cyane, ariko igisubizo cyiza ni ugushiraho inguzanyo ahantu hagenewe guhuza ibintu biremereye.
- Ingorabahizi yo guhitamo imitako yo hanze. Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, ni ishyaka ryinyungu zihumeka, cyangwa amasaha yincamake.
- Kudutsindagura imbere, inkuta zujuje ubuziranenge zambere zirashobora gusabwa - kugirango ukore neza hamwe na plaster cyangwa planyo.
- Urwego rwo hasi rwijwi. Bitewe numubare munini wubusa no kunyura hagati yabo, "inzira" ziva kuri beto, amajwi yoherejwe neza. Kubijyanye n'amajwi asanzwe, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byinyongera.
Ibyinshi mu makosa, ahubwo, biranga imikorere, ariko birakenewe kuzirikana. Noneho ntihazongera gutungurwa bidashimishije, kandi ibintu byose bizakoreshwa muri gahunda yo gutegura.
Aho nuburyo bwo gukoresha mubwubatsi, ingero zo gukora n'amaboko yawe
Nkuko byashobokaga gusobanukirwa mubivugwa byose, birashoboka gukoresha beto yoroheje kubishushanyo byose. Muri bo bubaka inkuta, koresha nk'ubushyuhe, usuke amasahani yo guhumurizwa, kora karuvati. Ariko muri iyo mirimo yose, birakenewe. Barimo "kwandika" muguhitamo ibice.Nigute wahitamo forelation
Kurugero, igorofa yavuyemo isaba imbaraga, hydrophobitity na resitiite nkeya. Imbaraga no kugabanya umubare wubushuhe bushobora gukoresha sima ya Porndland nka Bunder. Kubera ko inyongera nziza zidasanzwe zitanga ubushuhe buke - Igikoriko na Turf yikirunga - Ntushobora guhamagara kuboneka kumugaragaro, birashoboka gukoresha imipira ya Clamzite cyangwa Polystyrene kugirango yongere imishinga yubushyuhe. Barimo kandi ubuhehere.
Igipimo cyibigize kuri beto yibirango bitandukanye
Noneho kubyerekeye ugereranije. Bafashwe rudasanzwe kubirango byatanzwe. Kandi ukurikije ubwoko bwubwoko (hypertension cyangwa bisanzwe) gusimbuza igiteranyo. Akenshi ukoreshe beto yoroheje. Muri bo, Gravel Simbuza igiteranyo cyatoranijwe, cyongeweho murwego rwifuzwa. Gusa amazi afata bike, kora igisubizo ni urwembe cyangwa amazi ashobora kubishyira gusa.
Ndetse no mu musaruro, ibigize neza bya beto y'ibihaha bigenwa buri gihe. Ibi biterwa nuko abahumuka bafite ibiranga bitandukanye cyane nuburemere nubucucike nibindi bipimo. Kora insanganyamatsiko nkeya zifite ibigize ibigize (binini, bito, byinshi, bihujwe nubwoko butandukanye bwamazi) namazi atandukanye. Nyuma yibyoroshye, menya imwe nziza ibereye gukora umurimo runaka. Nuburyo bumwe, urashobora kandi wigenga kumenya umubare kandi ni ubuhe mwanya mwiza wo gusuka, hanyuma ufunge amajwi manini.
Urugero rwa Atic Polystyrene
Urugero rwo guhitamo kugerageza imirimo yihariye, reba videwo. Byari ngombwa guhitamo ibihimbano byo kwikinisha. Byafashwe byemejwe gukoresha imigati ya polystyrene nkubushyuhe kandi byoroshye. Ibigize ibipimo byatowe byatoranijwe kandi gusa imipira ya polystyrene gusa yasutswe nkumwanya.Dukurikije ibisobanuro byatoranijwe no kuvangwa byoroshye kandi bikingurira kwiti. Inzira irashobora kuboneka kure.
Ariko iyi mirimo irakwiriye gusa kwishishoza ahantu hamwe numutwaro muto. Niba ukeneye imiterere yubushyuhe buranga hasi, fata resept gakondo numucanga, kandi uyungurura usimburwa n'imipira ya polystyrene. Kugirango wongere imbaraga ziranga, urashobora kongeramo fibre, nka fibra fibre. Kunoza plastike, urashobora kongeramo kimwe no mu gice cya videwo, umubare runaka wo gutangiza amasahani cyangwa isabune. Muri rusange, ibigize neza bigomba kugenwa mubushakashatsi.
Urugero rwo gusuka kuva mumodoka ya polystyrene rushobora kugaragara muri videwo ikurikira. Nta makuru, usibye undi: hariho umucanga. Igisubizo nimiterere myinshi hamwe ningofero yuzuye igisubizo nyacyo nigituba gito.
Ni iki kindi ukeneye kumenya ko kugirango umusaruro wa Polystyrevbetone, igikona ni cyiza kudakoresha. Kubiranga bisanzwe, imipira irakenewe, kandi ntabwo ari ihari, ariko abazafatwa neza nigisubizo. Bafite film iramba hejuru kandi ntibakoreshe sima yamata, kubera ibyo bafite imitungo yo kwishyuza. Injambe zabonetse mugusya amasahani adafite inenge afite imiterere iringaniye kandi yashishimuye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntabwo byatewe n'amata ya sima. Mubisanzwe, ibintu nkibi bizaba bishyushye kuruta ibisanzwe, ariko ntabwo akunda granular.
Ceramzibeton mu nyubako yigenga
Ikindi kibacyuho kizwi cyane kugirango umusaruro utarure murugo ni ibumba. Ikozwe mu ibumba, ryongeweho ibintu byiyongereye mubunini iyo ashyushye. Iyi mirimo yikorewe mu itanura, aho ibaho igakurikizwa no kurasa. Ariko, nkuko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye, amasoko menshi yibumba, nkigisubizo, charamite nanone ifite imirasire yimirase, rimwe na rimwe ndetse no mubuzima budafite ubuzima. Birakenewe rero kwitegura guhitamo kwe - kugira dosimeter.
Urutonde rwo gutoranya ibihimbano bisa nibi byavuzwe haruguru. Yongerewe kandi guhindura ibipimo byigice kinini kandi giciriritse. Urashobora kandi kongeramo cyangwa ntugabona ibisubizo bitandukanye kumiterere nibiranga.
Ceramzibeton akoreshwa mu kuzuza imiterere no kubona inyubako, kandi birashoboka kandi kubaka inkuta hamwe nimikorere yometse. Bitandukanye na beto ya ceramic, ikoranabuhanga nkiyi rirashobora gukoreshwa mugushiraho inkuta zibyara.
Kandi muriyi videwo - uburambe munzu ya monolithic ceramzite.
Inzu zo muri Opilk Beto - Arbolita
Ikindi kigo gisanzwe, gifite agaciro ka kopeck kandi kirashobora gukoreshwa mu nyubako yigenga yo mu nzu yigenga - ibisakuno, cyangwa guhitamo ibirango. Igice gito rwose kuri ibi bikoresho ntigikwiye, dukeneye guta imyanda munsi yuburyo buciriritse cyangwa bunini.
Ibihimbano muri uru rubanza ni hypertension, ariko ibipimo bibitswe: ku gice 1 cya beto fata ibice 6-7 byo mu giteranyo. Muri iki gihe, happy. Kugirango wongere hydrophobic ibigize ibihimbano Ongeraho ibirahuri cyangwa chloim ya calcium.
Verisiyo ya kabiri ya douding kandi igipimo
Hano - Isubiramo rya Gilts
Ingingo ku ngingo: Hanze yo hanze - ubikore wenyine mu bikoresho