Kubara ibiti byimbaho ​​hamwe nicyuma mwigorofa ya kabiri yinzu

Kujya gukora ibiti cyangwa icyuma hamwe namaboko yawe ukeneye kwitondera cyane kubara. Nubwo bisa nkaho byoroshye - Ingazi nigishushanyo mbonera cyubwubatsi bugoye, buri node yacyo kigomba gutekerezwaho, kandi hamwe bagomba gukora ensemble imwe.

Umushinga w'ikambi / ibiti by'ibiti bigomba kubamo kubara kubice byayo imikorere kandi ishushanya. Kora bizaba bigoye kuruta uko ufite uburambe muri ubu bwoko. Kubera ko buri munsi tubarwa, noneho ugomba gushushanya muburyo burambuye uburyo bwo kubara ingazi igorofa ya kabiri yinzu yigenga. Amahame rusange yo kubaka inyenyeri yimbaho ​​kandi yicyuma ntabwo itandukanye. Nkuko bivuga, "Sekibi aryamye mu magambo arambuye." Nibo kandi batekereza ku buryo burambuye.

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko gahunda yintambwe mubice byinshi cyangwa inyubako zubutegetsi bigengwa ninyandiko nyinshi. Icy'ingenzi muri ibyo 231208 urugendo rw'amazi, ibibuga n'uruzitiro by'ibyuma kandi bikubise IV-14-84 icyegeranyo cya 1-14.

Ariko, munzu yigenga, uburebure bwabyo akenshi bugarukira kumagorofa abiri, nyirubwite afite umudendezo muguhitamo iboneza. Nubwo, birumvikana ko, amategeko shingiro yo kubaka ingazi agomba kwiyongera.

1 Amategeko - Guhitamo Ingazi mu nzu

Kora ingamba zigororotse ukurikije ibipimo biri munzu yigenga bibangamira aho ugarukira umwanya. Kubwibyo, ba nyirubwite benshi bahitamo ibishushanyo bigoye: Intambwe yo gufata kuzunguruka cyangwa screw. Abanyamwuga bashyira ibyifuzo byinshi aho nuburyo bwo gushyira ingazi munzu kugirango afate umwanya muto.

• Shakisha ingazi nziza muri kiriya gice cyinzu ikoresha. Ingazi mu cyumba cyo guturamo zikora ibintu bimwe na bimwe;

• Tanga inzira z'ubuntu ku ngazi;

• Ingazi zikunda gukora intambwe. Cyane niba kubaka kwigenga byafashwe;

• Reba impinduka zambere zoroshye, kandi noneho noneho bigoye;

• Reba ko ingazi zidakeneye kugenda gusa, ahubwo no kuzana / kurangiza ibikoresho, ibikoresho. Bigomba kuba byiza kubagize umuryango bose;

• Niba umwanya (ahantu) munsi yintambwe munzu ziteganijwe gukoreshwa, nibyiza guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera. Kandi, ku rundi ruhande, ingazi zifunguye zituma umwanya utera imbaraga, bityo rero ni byiza gukoresha mu byumba;

• Reba ko kwishyiriraho ingazi yicyuma munzu yibiti bishobora gukorwa nyuma yinzu izatanga kugabanuka. Abo., Nyuma yimyaka 1-1.5. Bitabaye ibyo, kugabanuka murugo bizatera kurenga ku busugire bw'imiterere.

• Menya neza ko mu gisenge (kurengana) urashobora gukora gufungura kuntambwe yo kwizirika kwa giti, atic. Kurugero, muri plaque ya monolithic, igikoresho cyintambwe gitera ingorane zikomeye.

Nigute ushobora kugabanya ingano yibitekerezo byintambwe igana muri etage ya kabiri?

Inama zingirakamaro muri shobuja inararibonye:

• 20% birashoboka niba ingazi ifite dogere 150;

• Kuri 30% bizafasha kwishyiriraho urwego hamwe nindorerezi ebyiri na platifomu. Ahantu hirya no kuzigama byagezweho kubera ko urugendo ruhinduka 180 °;

• na 60% mu gushiraho ingazi hamwe nintambwe "Intandare";

• 80% yagezeho mugushiraho ingazi ya screw. Muri uru rubanza, urujya n'urugendo ruhinduka 360 °.

2 Amategeko - Imiterere n'ubwoko bw'ingazi

Mu rugo rwiherereye hari amahirwe yo gukurikiza neza ibipimo ngenderwaho na GTA. Ariko, amahame shingiro yerekana gahunda yurwego agomba kubahirizwa, kubera ko kutirengagizwa kwabo bishobora kuba bigabanuka mumutekano wimiterere yubuhanga.

Mbere yo gukomeza kubara, ugomba kumenya ko hari ibintu bibiri byingenzi bizagira ingaruka kubisubizo.

Ubwa mbere, ni ikintu cyubaka.

Duhereye ku gishushanyo, ingazi zose zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu:

• Firime . Bigizwe n'ibibuga bitandukanye. Nabo, bagabanijwemo amasaha, babiri cyangwa barenga - amasaha menshi. Byongeye kandi, ingazi igenda irashobora kugororoka, hamwe nintambwe cyangwa guhindura (intambwe ziruka).

Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Kurangiza ikoranabuhanga Gypsum Amatafari

Mu mazu yigenga, ingazi yimbaho ​​nicyuma nintambwe ziruka ziramenyekana (hamwe na 90, 180, 360).

• Screw (spiral) . Ku ngazi zubu bwoko bwimitwe izunguruka hafi ya axis. Bari byiza mugihe nta mwanya wubusa wo gukora urugendo. Ariko kubaka ingazi ya screw nibyingenzi kandi bisaba kubara neza.

• Kuzimya . Reba ku bishushanyo byimuka, turabakumbuye rero, kubera ko tuzabira ku ngazi zihagaze.

Icya kabiri, ni uburyo bwikadiri.

Ikadiri yicyuma nimbavu yibiti birashobora gukorwa muburyo butatu:

• Ingazi kuri kowras . Urwego rw'ikadiri nimwe cyangwa bibiri byose, aho hateguwe intambwe hejuru.

• Ingazi ku murezi . Ikadiri igizwe nibice bibiri bishyigikira bikomeza kuruhande

• Ingazi kuri Bolzakh (kuri we. "pin"). Intambwe zifatirwa ziremewe kurukuta.

Ubutegetsi 3 - Kubara ibipimo byurwego

Abakoresha benshi ntibazi icyo kuzirikana kugirango babare urwego neza. Abanyamwuga bavuga ko kubazwa ibipimo bitatu byingenzi bizakora igishushanyo cyiza, cyiza kandi cyoroshye gukora.

Ibipimo byurwego byerekanwe ku ishusho

Uburebure bw'ingazi

Uburebure nintera kuva hasi ya etage ya mbere kugeza hasi (ntabwo ari igisenge) cya kabiri. Akenshi ingazi yintambwe yo hejuru iruhukiye kuruhande rwambere. Kugirango byoroshye kwimuka hejuru nkiyi, hari lumen.

Intera kuva kuri stage kugera ku gisenge irashobora kubarwa ku buryo bukurikira: Gukura kw'abanyamuryango bakuru bafashwe na mm 100 yongeyeho. Agaciro kerekanwe ka lumen (uburebure bwakazi bwintambwe) ni 2 m. Agaciro kagomba guhoraho muri Werurwe.

Kubara uburebure bwintambwe nigaciro keza

Icyitonderwa. Birashoboka gushyira ingazi mubyumba byo guturamo gusa niba ibyumba byinyama zambere nisegonda yashyuha. Bitabaye ibyo, bigomba gushyirwa mucyumba kitari gitugu.

Urwego rurerure (Uburebure bwa Marsham)

Kubintu gakondo gakondo, uburebure bwintambwe ingana nuburebure bwikigenda cyangwa igiteranyo cyuburebure bwintebe hiyongereyeho ingazi hagati yabo.

Mugihe cyo kubara uburebure bwa stair stairse cyangwa ingazi hamwe no kurengana, impuzandengo yuburebure bubarwa. Muri uru rubanza, igipimo gikorerwa kure ya cm 50. Kuva kuri gari ya moshi (inkombe yikibanza).

Ubugari bw'intambwe mu nzu yihariye

Ubugari ni intera yintambwe kuva kurukuta cyangwa hagati yintoki ebyiri. Ibipimo byabajijwe byerekanwe mugishushanyo.

Kubara ubugari bw'ingazi - birasabwa (agaciro) indangagaciro

Ibipimo birasabwa gushyira indangagaciro zikurikira mumushinga:

Ubugari bw'intambwe yo kugenda:

• 1.5 m. - Kongera urwego rwo guhumuriza;

• 1-1.2. - Ahantu heza;

• 0.8-1 m - kwemerera gusa ingazi igenda iherereye ku rukuta;

• Munsi ya 0.8 m. Birakwiye gusa ku ngazi zifasha.

Ubugari bw'imizi ya Werurwe hamwe n'abarenga:

• 1.1 m - Ubugari buke.

Ubugari bwa star staircase:

• 1.4 m - Ahantu heza;

• 1.1 m - Ubugari buke.

Ibi biterwa nuko intambwe za Gag zigabanijwe kubintu biri hagati yintambwe.

Inguni yo impengamiro yintambwe (ihanamye)

Inguni yubushake igena ubworohe bwo gukoresha ingazi. Birakonje cyane, ingazi igufasha kubika umwanya wingirakamaro, Haul ituma kugenda neza.

Kubara inguni yo kwifuza urwego rwintambwe bitewe na peefensi yerekanwe ku gishushanyo. Biragaragara ko hano, niho inguni igomba kuba ingazi mucyumba cyo guturamo.

Verisiyo nziza cyane yo kugenda iri ahantu h'icyatsi.

Ibikoresho byateguwe kurubuga www.moydomik.net

Icyitonderwa. Kumurongo wa melet hejuru ya 45 °, urashobora gusubira inyuma gusa ingazi.

Nkuko imyitozo irerekana, amahitamo ahujwe ni kenshi munzu. Kugira ngo wumve uburyo inguni yo gushyira umutori ku ngazi, ugomba gufata umwanya uhwanye nintambwe yintambwe (Kosoour, icyaha) no guha ikando. Mathemat, iyi ni kubara byoroshye kuri Angle kuri Pythagorean Theorem.

Umubare w'ingazi

Umubare wintambwe ntabwo ugengwa kandi biterwa nuburebure bwintambwe n'uburebure bwa stick (yazun). Mu ngazi ebyiri, birasabwa gukora umubare umwe wintambwe mubibuga byombi, ariko mubikorwa, ingamba zitangwa hagati yimirongo idasanzwe.

Icyitonderwa. Ku nyubako zamaguwe, umubare wintambwe ugengwa kandi uhwanye nintambwe 9-11.

Ingingo ku ngingo: Indorerwamo na Mosaic mu bwiherero ubikore wenyine

Uburebure bwinkoni (intera iri hagati yintambwe zintambwe)

Kubara uburebure bwintambwe ni abakoresha byoroshye kubakoresha bazwi nkintera iri hagati yintambwe zegeranye za mm 150.

Icyitonderwa. Kubakora ingazi n'amaboko yabo - uburebure burenze bworoshye gukuraho, guhindura uburebure bwinkoni hagati yintambwe yanyuma nintambwe yinyuma cyangwa iya kabiri.

Intambwe Yintambwe (Ubwigerire Icyiciro)

Ku ntambwe y'ingazi ukeneye kwishingikiriza ku kirenge cyose. Kubwibyo, ubugari bwiza bwintambwe igomba kuba byibura mm 230. (35 ingano). Byibuze byemewe ni ubugari bwa mm 100. Ariko kugenda kenshi mu ntambwe byuzuyemo ibikomere.

Icyitonderwa. Niba wongera ubugari bwintambwe hejuru ya mm 650 (impuzandengo yintambwe yumuntu mukuru), hanyuma iyo ugenda ku ngazi nkiyi, urashobora kuzimira no gupfuka.

Intera ushobora kongera ubugari bwo kuzamuka ubugari bwintambwe irashobora gukorwa kumpera yicyiciro. Mugihe kimwe, intambwe ntigomba kumanika hejuru yabanjirije Mm 50 mm.

Icyitonderwa. Umaze kubarwa n'ubugari bw'ingazi, ntukibagirwe ko intera iri hagati ya baluster igomba kuba muri MM 100-150. Bitabaye ibyo, uruzitiro nk'urwo ruzaba rudafite umutekano. Na none, balasins bashizweho kugirango intuethetike y'uruzitiro ikomeze - imwe kuri stage, ebyiri ku ntambwe cyangwa ukundi.

Uburebure ku ngazi

Uburebure bwa Stage bugenwa nigishushanyo cyintambwe. Niba amahema abiri akoreshwa nkigihangano nyamukuru cyubaka - uburebure burebure bujyanye nintera iri hagati yabo. Niba Kosur (umwe cyangwa babiri), noneho uburebure bwicyiciro bugenwa numukiriya.

Hasabwe intambwe bitewe n'inguni zerekanwa ku gishushanyo. Iyi mibare izafasha mugihe ari ngombwa gukora ibishushanyo by'ingazi kugera muri etage ya kabiri.

Hasabwe ibipimo byintambwe (uburebure) bitewe nintambwe

Ubutegetsi 4 - kubara neza ubunini bw'ingazi

Kubera ko ibipimo byose bifitanye isano, kubara, birahagije kugira ubumenyi bwibanze bwa geometrie. Tuzerekana uburyo bwo kubara ingazi kurugero.

Urugero 1. Kubara uburebure bwintambwe n'ubugari bwo gufungura

Muri iki kibazo, kubara biroroshye kandi bikwiranye nabafite umwanya munini wubusa mucyumba.

Kubara uburebure bwintambwe n'ubugari bwo gufungura

Uburyo bwo kubara uburebure bwintambwe munzu

Bigenwa ku buryo bukurikira. Ubugari bw'igisenge gisohoka muri MM 200 yongeweho kugeza ku cyumba muri mm 3000. Agaciro bivamo ni mm 3200. Dugabanye kuri mm 160 (Uburebure busabwa bwicyegeranyo) tubona umubare wa 20. Abo. Ingazi zizaba zirimo intambwe 20.

Ukurikije uko ubugari bwasabwe bwa stade ari mm 300 - uburebure bwintambwe igomba kuba mm 6000 (intambwe 20 mm). Cyangwa, niba icyiciro cyakozwe na mm 50, uburebure bwintambwe izaba 5000 mm (intambwe 20 kuri mm 250 mm (mm 300)).

Uburyo bwo kubara ubugari bwurwego

Iyemeje nka: Kuva kuri mm 3000 (uburebure bwicyumba) yakuweho 1900 (Agaciro gasabwe ka Lumen). Tubona mm 1100. Agaciro katandukanijwe na mm 160 (uburebure bwicyiciro) kandi tubona umubare wintambwe hejuru yuzuzanya. Ibizava mu kubara - 6.875, I.E. Intambwe 7.

Ibirindiro bisigaye 13 byintambwe zigomba kuba muri zone yubukonje kubuntu. Bitabaye ibyo, kugenda munsi yabo bitazatorora. Ubugari bwa stade ni mm 300, noneho ubugari bwumukingira buzaba 13x300 mm = 3900 mm.

Kugenzura 1100 (ubugari burenga) + 3900 (ubugari bwo gufungura) = 6000 (uburebure bw'intambwe)

Ariko, ntabwo abantu bose bafite amahirwe yo gusiga metero 6 cyangwa 5 munsi yintambwe. Muri uru rubanza, birakwiye ko dukina ubugari bwa stage cyangwa uburebure bwinkoni. Kandi urashobora gukora ingazi hamwe no guhinduka cyangwa hamwe nintambwe "Inkweto". Inzego nkizo ziragoye, bivuze ko nayo izagora cyane.

Urugero rwo gushushanya Ingagi Yicyuma kuri Kourow imwe

Urwego rwicyuma gishushanya kuri Kourow

Urugero 2. Kubara inguni yo kwifuza ingazi nibipimo byintambwe

Iyi mibare iragoye kandi irashobora gukorwa nuburyo bwinshi. Muri bo harimo ku buryo bukurikira:

• Uburyo bwa mudasobwa;
• Uburyo bwa Danemark;
• imirongo izamura uburyo;
• uburyo bwahanagura;

Ubu buryo buhuza gukenera ubumenyi bwibanze mugushushanya igishushanyo mbonera. Gahunda yintambwe muburyo bushushanyije bwabonetse yasobanuwe hejuru yuburyo bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo.

Kubara inguni yubushake bwintambwe n'ibipimo byintambwe

• Uburyo bw'ibipimo.

Bihuye na mushya mumwanya ushushanyije kandi biroroshye kubara, byombi bigenda neza kandi byintambwe hamwe nintambwe ziruka cyangwa imigozi. N'ubundi kandi, hari ikintu, kivuga ko intambwe zigabanijwe hagati.

Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Itapi yimodoka

Kubara ibyuma cyangwa ingazi yimbaho ​​hamwe nintambwe 90 na 180 ukurikije ibipimo bishingiye ku ikwirakwizwa ryumwanya ahantu hazunguruka. Kubara bikorwa muri ubu buryo:

1. Hano hari igishushanyo cyintambwe muri derizontal itambitse;
2. Umurongo werekana impuzandengo yuburebure bwije. Kugirango byoroshye, uhagarare hagati;
3. Umurongo werekana hagati yintambwe. Ahantu intambwe ndende izaba ihererere.
4. Turasaba kumurongo wo hagati agaciro k'ubugari bw'intambwe. Rero, urashobora kubara ubwinshi bwabo. Kubara bikorwa kumurongo wa Rotary.
5. Turasobanura ingingo aho intambwe zishaje zizarangira. Hagomba kubaho ingingo ebyiri - mu ntangiriro no kumpera yintambwe. Mubibazo bidasanzwe, ingazi zitangirira cyangwa zirangize nintambwe ziruka;
6. Ahantu intambwe izagira ubugari ntarengwa (hafi ya kimwe cya cososov, imipira cyangwa umuyoboro wa screw, shyira mm 50 kuva kuri 50 + 50 izaduha mm 100. Ni kangahe ubugari bwemewe bwa stage;
7. Duhuza ingingo zakoreshejwe hamwe ningingo zagenwe mbere, yerekana ubugari bwintambwe kandi ikabageza kuruhande (rower ya kabiri, ikaramu cyangwa impeta ya stairse ya screw).
8. Shyira intambwe zisigaye. Ugereranije ugereranije na 1: 2: 3. Mm imwe ku gice gito cyintambwe ni mm 2 kumurongo wo hagati na 3 ku gice kinini cyo kuzunguruka.

Amakuru yo mu gishushanyo cyimuriwe ku ngazi ahagaragara ukurikije igipimo.

Gahunda y'urwego ifite intambwe ziruka hanyuma uhindura dogere 90 zihagarariwe neza mubishushanyo.

Ingazi hamwe nintambwe zirimo guhinduranya dogere 180 zibarwa muburyo bumwe.

Gahunda yintambwe hamwe nintambwe zirimo kuzunguruka dogere 180 zitangwa hepfo

Uburyo bwo kubara ntashobora kwitwa ultra-ibisobanuro, ariko kubara bihagije kugirango wubake ingazi n'amaboko yabo, urashobora kubona. Niba utamwizeye, urashobora guhamagara inzobere cyangwa ukoreshe porogaramu ya mudasobwa.

Kubara ingazi kuri parodes

Inzira isa nibarwa ku ngazi nintambwe ziruka. Itandukaniro riri muburyo bwo gufunga. Birashoboka kwizirika cyangwa kubifite.

Kubara ku ngazi

Kubara ingazi yubwoko bwimizigo bukorwa kimwe no kubara intambwe ziruka. Ariko muriki gihe, ugomba kumenya neza iboneza. Duhereye kubishushanyo mbonera hashobora kubaho ubwoko bune.

Icyitonderwa. Intambwe ya spiral ifatwa nkibyago cyane mubijyanye no kugenda.

Igishushanyo cya screw

Kubara kuntambwe duck intambwe

Iyi miterere nibyiza kuko bisaba byibuze umwanya, ariko mugukora no gukora akazi nkizo birababaje cyane. Ingazi zashyizweho, intambwe ya DUCK yashizweho niba inguni yumusozi irenze dogere 45, kandi nta cyifuzo cyo gukoresha ingazi. Kwiyongera kwiki gishushanyo nuko ukuguru kumwe gusa bishingiye ku ntambwe imwe. Ariko, nubwo bimeze, igishushanyo mbonera nkiyi ntaho gitandukaniye ninzira yinzira. Itandukaniro riri muburyo bwintambwe gusa.

Gahunda yintambwe ingazi ingagi intambwe

Icyitonderwa. Ukurikije ibipimo, umubare wintambwe mu ngazi zigomba kuba zidasanzwe. Byongeye kandi, icyiciro cya mbere nibyiza gukora iburyo. Ibi birasobanurwa nukuri kubakoresha benshi bafite ukuguru kwambere. Iza ntarengwa naryo ryashyizwe iburyo.

Porogaramu za mudasobwa zo kubara ingazi

Uburyo bwa software bugufasha gukora umushinga wa 3D, tekereza umushinga kandi ushake igishushanyo cy'imigezi gifite ibisobanuro nyabyo by'ibipimo byose. Gahunda zahawe isaranganya rikomeye nka:

• "Kompas" (nkuko imyitozo irerekana, abanyabukorikori benshi bamenyereye iyi gahunda);

• Ibikorwa - biragufasha gukora igishushanyo mbonera cyinzego zinyuranye, ntabwo ari ingazi gusa;

• Staurtec Staircon - ituma bishoboka gukora umushinga w'intambwe, ahubwo ni ukubara igereranyo cyo kubaka. Icyitegererezo cya gatatu-gipimo kigufasha kubona ishusho yuzuye yikigereranyo.

Amategeko 5 - Igishushanyo kirambuye cyangwa igishushanyo

Kubara uburyo bwa mudasobwa cyangwa uburyo bwo kugereranya bimaze kwerekana ko habaho igishushanyo cyimigezi izaza. Ariko, nabakora ibiryo byoroshye kugenda bikwiye gukora igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nubunini bukoreshwa.

Icyitonderwa. Ku gishushanyo ukeneye gukoresha ibipimo byintambwe gusa, ariko kandi byerekana ibipimo byingenzi byicyumba. Kurugero, kuboneka nubunini bwidirishya bisohoka mumadirishya, inkingi cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora gushyirwaho kugirango uhindure iboneza cyangwa ibipimo byintambwe mugihe cyo gukora.

Witegure rero, urashobora gutangira kubaka ingazi n'amaboko yawe.